• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.253-259
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• 2010

Objectives: We investigated $L^*a^*b^*$ and $ITA^{\circ}$ value on the face to correlate the complexion of Korean female with aging theory of Neijing(內經) in Suwen-Shanggutianzhenlun(素問,上古天眞論). Methods: Three hundreds and thirty one Korean females, aged 22-64 years($39.36{\pm}9.71$ years) were participated in this study. We measured the skin properties of the face with Spectrophotometer CM2600d(Minolta, Japan). Trisimulus $L^*a^*b^*$ color and $ITA^{\circ}$ value divided on 7 years were and analyzed by regression analysis method. Results: $L^*$, ITA value decreased and $a^*$, $b^*$ increased as the age increases. Among these, we found out that ITA value is most related to aging. $L^*$ value decreased among the group of 28 to 35 years old. ITA value decreased among the group of 35 to 42 years old. $a^*$ value decreased among the group of 42 to 49 years old. Conclusions: Unique aging pattern by 7 years of female in Oriental medicine is reflected to complexion.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.169-174
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• 2011

Nanoscale-biodegradable behaviors of synthesized biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), lattice parameter, and field emission microscopy (FE-SEM). The calcined BCP powders in vitro tested in Hank's balanced salt solution (pH = 7.4, $36.5^{\circ}C$) for 3 weeks. The calculated unit cell parameters for BCP have shown lattice distortion and expansion as irregular changes in the a and c-axis after in vitro.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.97-102
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• 2011

Meridian Research Center, Division of Standard Research, Keora Institute of Oriental Medicine Objectives : Ear acupuncture needle is used to treat smoking, drug abusing, alcoholism frequently over time stability of ear acupuncture needle is important factor for safe acupuncture treatment. In spite of the importance, there has been few study about the quality of disposable acupuncture needle tip - using scanning electron microscope (SEM) in 2002, 2003. Moreover, there was no study about ear acupuncture needle. Methods : The three ear acupuncture needle, made in China, Japan, Korea was chosen. We used Hank's solution at the 38$^{\circ}C$ as a phantom tissue liquid. Except for the control group, five groups of needles are soused one to five days. Surface corrosion was observed using the SEM compared with control group. Results : There was no particular corrosion in all groups of ear acupuncture needles compared with the control group. Conclusions : All of the ear acupunctures used in this study are stable in body fluids at least 5 days.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 1999

A preservation test of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites for considerable time was tried to obtain simple and economical methods using various suspending media at $4^{\circ}C$ rather than serial passage of the parasite in mice. The preservation period was a term that the tachyzoites were detected from the peritoneal fluid of mice after inoculation of 2$\times$$10^5$ organisms preserved according to the lapse of time. The numbers of tachyzoite per 1\textrm{mm}^3$ of the peritoneal fluid with 2$m\ell$ of the saline solution taken in 4days after inoculation were presented as percentage in proportion to the control. The numbers. of tachyzoite per 1\textrm{mm}^3$ of the peritoneal fluid of the control were consisted of the average number of the tachyzoites of 10 mice inoculated with 2$\times$$10^5$ organisms by serial mouse passage. The tachyzoites could be preserved for 26 days in the suspending medium of saline solution at $4^{\circ}C$ Ringer's solution for 18 days, Hank's solution for 28 days, and egg-glycerine solution for 50 days.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.876-884
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• 2004

This study was to investigate whether the bioactivity of the anodized and hydrothermally treated Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy were affected by the time of hydrothermal treatment. Anodizing was performed at current density 30 $mA/cm^2$ up to 300 V in electrolyte solutions containing $DL-{\alpha}-glycerophosphate$ disodium salt hydrate $(DL-{\alpha}-GP)$ and calcium acetate (CA). Hydrothermal treatment was done at $300^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, and 4 hrs to produce a thin film layer of hydroxyapatite (HA). The bioactivity was evaluated from HA formation on the surfaces in a Hanks' solution with pH 7.4 at $36.5^{\circ}C$ for 10, 20, and 30 days. Anodic oxide films were porous with pore size of $1\sim4{\mu}m\;and\;3\sim4{\mu}m$ thickness. The anodic oxide films composed with strong anatase peak with presence of rutile peak, and showed the increase in intensity of anatase peak after hydrothermal treatment. It was shown that the intensity of anatase peak increased with increasing the time of hydrothermal treatment but was no difference in rutile peak. The corrosion voltage was the highest in the group of hydrothermal treatment for 2 hrs (Ecorr: -338.6 mV). The bioactivity in Hank's solution was accelerated with increasing the time of hydrothermal treatment.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 1994

Drug delivery system by the use of red blood cells was established to sustain the release of drugs in the circulatory system by the intravenous injection. The entrapment method by the preswelling technique was re-examined and evaluated for searching the new entrapping conditions without hemolysis. The addition of 4 volume of $0.6{\times}\;hank's$ balanced salt solution (HBSS) into 1 volume of 50% red blood cells suspension did not induce the hemolysis and change the hematocrit level in this experimental condition (within 15 min). Most of daunorubicin could be entrapped into red blood cells within 15 min. While the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level followed by the entrapment was reduced to 86% of normal ATP level, the membrane fluidity and the shape factor of red blood cells were not altered. The release rate of daunorubicin from red blood cells was affected by the hemolysis under this condition. To maintain the intracellular ATP in red blood cells, the new reaction buffer was made With the addition of ATP and sodium pyruvate during the entrapment procedure because the hemolysis during the release test would reflect the loss of intracellular ATP that might result in the decrease of the viability in vivo. The addition of ATP raised the intracellular ATP level, which protect the hemolysis during the release test.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.441-451
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• 2014

Streamflow is typically divided into two components that are direct runoff and baseflow, it is required to analyze and estimate behaviors of those two flow components to understand watershed characteristics so that watershed management plan can be effective in pollutant reductions. Since pollutant load behaviors in a stream or river are variable by flow component behaviors, best management practices need to be applied in a watershed based on the pollutant load behaviors varying with flow components. Thus, baseflow behaviors were analyzed separating baseflow from streamflow data collected from fifteen streamflow gaging stations in the 4 major river watersheds which are the Han river, Nakdong river, Guem river, and Yeongsan Somjin river watersheds. Moreover, precipitation trends throughout the 4 River Systems were investigated, thus daily precipitation data were collected from sixty-five locations. The Hank river watershed displayed the largest precipitation (925.2 mm) in summer but the lowest precipitation (71.8 mm) in winter, indicating the watershed has the most fluctuating precipitation characteristic. While the precipitation trends in the Four River Systems varied, a distinct feature in baseflow trends was not found, moreover baseflow percentages to streamflow were typically greater than 50% in the Four River Systems. As shown in this study, it would be expected significant amount of pollutants could be contributed to the stream in the form of baseflow at the watershed.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.155-162
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• 2015

The effect of Sr addition on mechanical and bio-corrosion properties of as-cast Mg-3wt.%Zn-0.5wt.%Ca-xwt.%Sr (x = 0.3, 0.6, 0.9) alloys were examined for application as biodegradable implant material. The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the as-cast Mg-Zn-Ca-Sr alloys were characterized by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing and electrochemical measurement in Hank's solution. The as-cast alloys contained ${\alpha}$-Mg and eutectic $Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3$ phases, while the alloys contained ${\alpha}$-Mg, $Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3$ and Mg-Zn-Ca-Sr intermetallic compound when the Sr addition was more than 0.3 wt.%. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation increased with the increasing of Sr content up to 0.6 wt.% but decreased in the 0.9 wt.% Sr-added alloy, whereas the corrosion resistance of 0.3 wt.% Sr-added alloy was superior to other alloys. It was thought that profuse Mg-Zn-Ca-Sr intermetallic compound deteriorated both the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the as-cast alloy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.285-296
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• 1994

Follicular oocytes were released from the graafian follicles of ovaries from 3-4 weeks old mice. The spontaenous maturation of these follicular oocyes was inhibited by the treatment of dbcAMP and progesterone and these oocytes were cultured for 2-8hr in the Modified Hank's balanced salt solution(MHBS). Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid(EDTA) and calmoudulin antagonist, trifluoperazine (TFP) were treated to the culture medium in order to investigate whether these chemical agents inhibit calcium uptake into the oocyte and oocyte maturation. $^{45}Ca^{2+}$, 10-${\mu}$Ci/ml was added to the culture medium during the culture period. $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the oocytes was examined whether and when various kind of oocyte maturation inhibiting agents inhibit or stimulate the influx of calcium into oocytes. Dibutyryl cAMP and progesterone decrease $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the oocytes and synergistic inhibiting effect of dbcAMP and progesterone was prominent at much lower dosages. Calcium uptake into oocytes seems to be higher during first 2 hour culture period rather than next 4hr culture. After 8hr culture, calcium uptake level of the oocytes which GVBD already took place gradually approached to the level of those which were maintained at GV by the treatment of dbcAMP and progesterone. However, $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the GV maintained oocytes did not change at all even after 8hr culture period. In addition, calcium chelating agent, EDTA inhibited calcium uptake into oocytes as well as nuclear maturation of oocytes. Lower dosage used in the present study did not inhibit calcium uptake as well as oocyte maturation.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.309-332
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• 2019

In Kang(2017), Jinho Kang persuasively criticized the attempt of Peter Hanks using his concept of cancelled predication to solve the Frege-Geach problem. According to Kang, Hanks had successfully shown the incoherence of Scott Soames's concept of neutral predication, but if it is true, then Hanks's concept of cancelled predication also falls into the same incoherence. I agree with Kang that Hanks faces the same incoherence, and I think that Hank's answers are unconvincing. As I see, however, it is possible for Hanks to overcome Kang's criticism. In this paper, I will reply to Kang's criticism by using conceptual resources in Hanks's own theory. In particular, the idea is that the final predication is compositionally explained by the type it belongs to without having truth-values because cancelled predication itself gives rise to target-shifting toward the type. By doing so, Hanks can successfully solve the Frege-Geach problem even though he let some remarks about cancelled predication unclear and confusing. In addition, it will be revealed that his notation is misleading as well.