• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.568-574
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• 2018

This study examined the perceptions of emotional labor among the National General Hospital and Private General Hospital in Chungcheong area. The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions difference of public and private general hospitals. In addition, we tried to analyze the effect of emotional labor on organizational commitment by distinguishing between workers in National and Private General Hospitals. The purpose of this study is to provide the theoretical base data for mitigating emotional labor of hospital workers in the future. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, In the case of employees working at the National General Hospital, the influence of the emotional labor of the hospital workers on the organizational commitment of the hospital workers increased as the frequency of emotional expression increased. However, it was found that as attentiveness of emotional expression and emotive dissonance deepened, the degree of organizational commitment of hospital workers decreased. On the other hand, the influence of emotional labor of the hospital workers on the organizational commitment of the hospital workers in the Private General Hospital was found to be better in the organizational commitment as they pay more attention to emotional expression. However, in the case of emotive dissonance, The more deeply emotive dissonance, the less the organizational commitment of Private General Hospital workers. Second, the frequency of emotional expression in the hospital workers' perception difference of emotional labor was higher than that of the National General Hospitals. However, in the variety of emotional expression, it was confirmed that the employees of the Private General Hospitals had more varied expressions of emotions than those of the National General hospitals. In addition, it was found that the difference of recognition of the organizational commitment of the hospital workers according to the type of hospital work was higher in the organizational commitment of the employees of the National General Hospital than those of the Private General Hospitals.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

1. Objects of Research Dong-mu Lee Je-ma was tried to solve the diseases of human beings through Sasang Constitutional Medicine with new viewpoints on human beings and life compared with the existed medicine. So it was very important to understand his medical views in order to apply Sasang Constitutional Medicine in clinical treatment. In this paper, I tried to find his medical views on human beings, life, and diseases to get informations in clinical application. 2. Methods of Research It was researched as bibliologically with his writings such as "Dongyi Soose Bowon(東醫壽世保元)", "Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)", "Dongmu Yugo(東武遺稿)", "Gyuk-chigo(格致藁)". 3. Results and Conclusions The conclusions were as follows. 1. "I Ching"'s recognition of Things is that based on Yin-yang theory, originated from Taoism, and aimed to 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness(易簡之妙)'. On the other hand, Dong-mu's is that based on Sasang theory, originated from Confucianism and designed to developed 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness' in view of Sasang(四象). 2. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma had devoted himself in his whole life to establishing new paradigm in the Confucianism, inventing new medicine and, furthermore, embodying the spirit of General health maintenance. 3. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma recognized 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness' in view of Sasang and offered new viewpoint of human being through summarizing various existing viewpoints. 4. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma established new viewpoint of life span of human being through offering new ideas such as 'Inherent vitality(命脈實數)', 'Essential power of organ(臟의 本常之氣)' and 'Regimen in ordinary life(生息允補之道)'. 5. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma embodied 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness' in medicine through offering, in a wide meaning, the spirit of the General health maintenance and the spirit of the Positive medical treatment.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.209-224
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• 2020

This study started from the question of whether the preference of corporate recruitment can be achieved without any difference between the start-up experiencer and the general job seekers. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify the factors related to start-ups that affect the preference of job seekers for companies, and to analyze the differences in the factors related to start-ups between general job seekers and job seekers with start-up experience. Third, it is to see the difference in the preference for employment between job seekers with start-up experiences and general job seekers. The independent variables of the research model were entrepreneurship, motivation for start-up (job search), and characteristics of the job seekers (founder). The dependent variables were job preference, and the moderating variables were presented as job seekers' classification (job seekers with start-up experience vs. general job seekers). The subjects of the study were personnel managers of 100 companies with more than 5 years of establishment and 100 new companies with less than 5 years of establishment. The questionnaire was distributed in two types, and 189 respondents, including 101 job seekers with start-up experiences and 88 general job seekers, were finally used for analysis. The results of the study were as follows. First, as a result of multiple regression analysis on both experienced start-up experiencers and general job seekers, only entrepreneurship had an effect on preference for recruitment. Second, the moderating effect of job seekers' classification was found only in the relationship between motivation for start-up and preference for employment. Third, the result of multiple regression analysis based on the start-up experiencers showed that the relationship between the motivation for start-up, the preference for recruitment, the characteristics of founders and the preference for recruitment was statistically significant. On the other hand, the characteristics of the founder and the preference for employment were rejected. Fourth, the results of the study based on general job seekers showed that the motivation for job search decreased the preference for employment. The study did not provide the results of differences in recognition between different industries, traditional enterprises and venture businesses due to the limitation of small examples. There is no clear definition of start-up experiencers either. However, it is meaningful to suggest the implications of what preparations should be made when the start-up experiencers close their start-ups and turn their career into employment and to help them to accurately recognize the importance of entrepreneurship. It also provides the preference of the general job seekers for the company, the preparation for successful employment, and the implications for the direction of the future start-up revitalization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1998

This study was carreid out to investigate present comsuming behavior and consumer preference of SEAFOODS as a stuff in KIMCHI making, adopting a questionaire survey for 500 housewives living in Korea except Chejudo Province. Frequency distribution and percentage of preferences were measured. Out of total housewives responded, 65.5% consider, THEY SHOULD EAT KIMCHI DAILY. Which conforms, kimchi is still an important side dish at most of the households On the other hand, some others consider EATING KIMCHI EVERY DAY is not neccesary(6.0%) or dislike it(0.5%). This result might suggest that kimchi may or may not be an essential sidedish for every households in the future. 96.3% of Housewives used fermented salited fish and 45% used seafoods as a staffing in making kimchi. Major reasons for adding seafoods in kimchi were: it improves teste and flavor(79.5%) and nutritional value(54.2%). Reasons for rejecting seafoods as a stuffing in making kimchi were: it worsens taste and flavor(13.5%), hygenic treatments of seafoods are below the necessary level(13.5%) and shelf life become shorter(12.8%), respectively. Among the fermented salted sauces, 84.9% and 69.1% of house wives responded as anchovy and shrimp sause were most favorite(base) material in Kimchi making, respectively. Out of total seafoods utilized in making kimchi,76.4%, 54.7% and 31.4% of housewives responded as oyster, small shrimp and sea-staghorn as the favorite seafoods in Kimchi making(raw material). Majority of housewives responded to develop it's taste and flavor to meet that of international one(86.5%) and that hygienic level(treatments) should be upgraded(50.9%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 1990

The study reserches the related contents of the health education in the existing gymnastics and the domestics textbook, catches learning-Ulaching contents by the health-control function and compares the contents with the health-education curriculum of the Texas State in America. This study is questioned and reserched the general features of the teachers who is change in the health education, their attitudes about the teaching of it, and the recognition degree about their health education. The results above is like the following. 1. Learning-teaching contents by the health-control function. The domestics and gymnastics which contains the health education contents, is not discripted continually and at the same time is short of the contents in the health-control function according to the students' individual domains. Also the recent serious problems, (that is, Smoking, Drinking and Medical poisoning, Emotion, and Psychic domains) were no mentioned. 1) In gymnastics textbook, the physical domains are mentioned 8, 9 in juinor, and senior class, the affective, psychic domains only senior class and the social domains only 1 grade except junior and senior class. Growth-development function is concentratedly stated only 1 grade in physical domains and there is no stated in. The social domains are referred a little in senior class. In cure-recovery functions, the physical domains is being taught in 2, and 3 grade, but not 1 grade. Specially, the social domains are being taught in all grade, but, the affective domains are not at all 2) In the subject of domestics, the physical domains of the daily life functions are taught in all the years, but the emotional, mental domains are taught a little in 1 and 2 grades. The growth-development functions are being taught about the nutrition-health, in the physical parts of all graries, and the emotional-mental, social domains are being taught some in 7 and 8 grade except 3 grade, he cure-recovery functions ere taught in only 1 grade, the contents of rehabilitative functions are not being taught like gymnastics. 2. The general characteristics of the health-education teachers and the health-education. In the calss field, the average age of gymnastics-teachers is from 35 to 40 years old, and it of domestics teachers is from 24 to 29 years old. 1) In the class-hours a week, the gymnastics teachers take lessons 3 hours (75.6%) and the domestics teachers 4 hours (65.6%). In "the health-lessons hours alloted"in a semister, 3 or 4 hours is 38.7% and no hours is 18.0% in gymnastics teachers. On the other hand, there is no hours to teach the health-education in domestics teachers. About the opinion: the health subject must be taught as a independent subject, 42.9% of the gymnastics teachers agreed and 45.3 % of the domestics teachers did. 2) The factors which have an influence upon the health-teachers #. In age, the class lesson hours of a week(r= .0014), the confident manner about the lessons(r= .0485) and the necessity of the lessons (r= .0316) are closely related one another. #. In sexes, the lesson hours a class(r= .0000), the alloted hours of health lesson a semister(r= .0000) the confident manner about the class(r= .0001). the quantity of lesson(r= .0001): and, the teacher's belief(r= .0264) are co-related one another. #. In subject in change. the class hours a week(r= .0000), the alloted hours of health-lesson a semister(r= .0000) the quantity of the lesson(r= .0114) are co-related each other. #. In majority, the class lesson hours a week(r= .0000) the alloted hours of health lesson a semister(r= .0000) the quantity of the lesson are co-related each other. The quantity of lesson and the confidence about the lesson (r= .3223) and the quantity of lesson and the interest of lesson (r= .2450) are co-related each other.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.24-41
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• 2020

The engraved line expression in metal crafts is a detailed technique of carving or decorating metal surfaces. This technique engraves a line using a tool on the surface of a metal craft. This technique was used extensively in articles made of various metal materials during the Goryeo Dynasty, and the range of patterns that could be expressed and the width of users was wide. In this paper, based on relics and literature, the concept of line representation of this engraving technique used in the metal crafts of the Goryeo Dynasty and the perceptions and terms of the Goryeo Dynasty were examined. In addition, the users engaged in this craft and the specific patterns and patterns of decoration were reviewed. Through these means, it was possible to confirm various aspects of a technique that was thought previously to involve just simple expression of lines using tools. In addition, through the literature, Geumseokmun Gate, and relics currently being transmitted, it was possible to confirm the utilization patterns of techniques used in various types of objects. Various uses have led to the combination with other metal craft techniques that were popular at the time, and while utilizing unique characteristics of the techniques, this maximized the molding of various patterns. In the meantime, it is true that the intaglio technique in metal crafts has not received much attention compared to the decoration techniques of other metal crafts, such as inlay, embossing, and openwork techniques in which decorative effects are maximized due to the recognition that the technique was used so widely in relics. However, the universality of the technique is premised on its wide use across all eras. As such, it was used in metal craft relics that reflect the various cultural characteristics of Korea and various cultural aspects that are currently passed down. On the one hand, technology has been passed down as a form of intangible heritage that embodies a longstanding craft culture which continues to the present in the fields of sculpture and intangible cultural properties. As such, the universality of Seongak contains many cultural meanings. In addition, the uniqueness of the technique is distinct, and it is deeply related to Goryeo, who was in charge of the use of technology and craftsmanship of the Joseon Dynasty and the metal craft technology that is currently handed down. I think research on future techniques should be continued in depth.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.246-263
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• 2019

The stone Buddha statue of Sangunsa Temple at Bukhansan in Goyang, Gyeonggi Province, is an excellent example of stone Buddha statues created in the late 15th century. On the base of the figure, there is an inscription, which informs that it was produced in 1497. In recognition of this significance, it was recently designated as a tangible cultural asset in Gyeonggi-do. Thus, this paper tried to evaluate the value of the statue by analyzing iconography and style. The characteristics of a typical 15th-century style that the Buddha statue of Sangunsa Temple shows are the form of ushnisha, the way clothes are worn, the form of a w-shaped chest muscle, and the simple lotus pedestal. On the other hand, the elongation of the waist and the disappearance of the waistband on undergarments are new forms of Buddha statues in the 16th century. Besides, parting the hair in the middle of the head and leaf-shaped short ribbon draped on undergarments are unique features that only appear on the statue of Sangunsa Temple. Sangunsa has been known to be built in the early 18th century based on Bukanji compiled by Seongneung in 1745, and Bongeunbonmalsaji composed in 1943. However, the statue was created in the late 15th century, before the establishment of the temple in the early 18th century. Therefore, this paper briefly reviewed the history of Sangunsa Temple, focusing on the initial period, referring to the historical sites and the relics that were passed on to the temple, as well as the literature records. The data newly referred to in the study are as follows: Sangunsa Stone Pagoda, presumed to be from the Goryeo Dynasty; the Stone Buddha Statue of Sangunsa; Wooden Amita Triad Buddha Statue of Sangunsa. According to the data and contrary to previously-held beliefs, Sangunsa Temple is believed to have been operating since the Goryeo Dynasty. It can be inferred through analysis of the stone Buddha statue of Sangunsa Temple that the size of the Temple before the 18th century was not very large.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1243-1252
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• 2017

There are limited programs for low sodium intake based on the nutrition education model for housewives who cook family meals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of model-based nutrition programs for low sodium intake among housewives residing in Seoul by incorporating social cognitive theory. A questionnaire survey before and after education was conducted on 140 housewives who participated in the 'Low Sodium Nutritional Education Program' delivered by a district public health center for 12 weeks from November 2015 to January 2016. The contents of the nutrition education program and program evaluation items were based on the action plans for 'Less Sodium Healthy Practice' suggested by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The results show that program participants showed a lower preference for sodium, higher selection of low sodium dishes from restaurants or cafeteria if available, and increased awareness of the need of restaurants to serve low sodium dishes compared to before. In terms of behavioral changes, there were significant improvements in checking nutrition labeling and selection of foods with low sodium, use of low sodium food products, use of natural seasonings to reduce salt intake, and consumption of fast foods and processed foods. On the other hand, requesting less salty meals when ordering and introducing restaurants or cafeterias with healthy and low sodium menus turned out to be difficult to put into practice. In conclusion, the nutrition education program for sodium intake reduction for housewives was effective in increasing knowledge, environment recognition, and behaviors related to low sodium intake but not behaviors related to physical environmental factors. Therefore, further nutrition education programs and practices for sodium intake reduction should be comprehensively implemented with improvement of physical environments for low sodium intake.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.10-24
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• 2017

The research takes note of the formation process and settling period of Gwandong-Palkyung(關東八景, Eight Sites of Eastern Korea), the representative palgyeong(prominent eight sites) and jipgyeong(集景, landscape collection of scenic beauty), and investigates the time of formation regarding the palkyung and jipgeyong of Gwandong's scenic beauty through the analysis and interpretation of bibliographic data, and reference data. The result of the study is as follows. As the first document that records the terminology of "Gwandong-Palkyung" is "Daphongeunggil(答洪應吉)" of Yi, Hwang(李滉), Gwandong-Palkyung is inferred to be settled within the recognition of the people even before the 16th century. The geographic analysis result including "Sinjeung Donggukyeojiseungram(新增東國輿地勝覽)", Gwandong-Palkyung expanded as Gwandong-Sipkyung in early to middle of the 16th century. The first confirmed landscape collection regarding Gwandong-Palkyung in this study is confirmed in Shin Zup(申楫)'s "Yeonggwandong-Palkyung(詠關東八景)", thus, the terminology of Gwandong-Palkyung existed before 16th century at the latest. The settlement time of current "Palkyung" collection is estimated to be early 17th century at the latest. Poetries regarding Gwandong-Palkyung, and the frequency on the appearance of Gwandong scenic beauties are analyzed as making clear of the concentrated phenomenon on the sceneries of Gwandong-Palkyung. On the other hand, the collection of Gwandong-Palkyung in the domain of arts is confirmed initially in the ${\ll}$Gwandongpalkyungdobyeong(關東八景圖屛)${\gg}$ of Heo, Pil(許泌). Gwandong-Palkyung, expressed as the actual scene landscape painting shows similar tendencies of the conditions in the jipgyeong from the poetry, but the appearance rate of the painting subject was more prominent in visual solidarity and cohesion due to the reflection of the importance on icon(圖像) of the art works produced with particular meaning in the case of fixed ideal system. From late Joseon to modern times, ${\ll}$palpokbyeongpung(八幅屛風)${\gg}$ of various forms of folk painting is a corroborative evidence notifying that the cultural phenomenon of Gwandong-Palkyung has entered the universal period of embrace. Also, the 13 scenic beauties of Gangwon-Do appearing in the games of Namseungdo and Myeongseungyuramdo include Gwandong-Palkyung, which confirms the settlement of Gwandog-Palkyung even within the culture of games in late Joseon. Such results demonstrate the existence of awareness regarding Gwandong-Palkyung from the first half of the 15th century, which is presumed to have completely settled in the 17th century through the continuous development of formative process in the 16th century. Ultimately, Gwandong-Palkyung is the concrete formation of regional scenic beauties that individually gained its reputations as scenery from the Koryo Dynasty to late 17th century. Gwandong-Palkyung of the scenic beauty of Gwandong is a unique cultural scenery of the region that have germinated and formed through the process of cutting and polishing of long time to collect the best eight of scenic beauty from the many participation of sightseeing culture.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 2004

This study is designed to conduct a questionnaire research into the safety control and the actual condition of radiography by working with dentistry belonging to university hospitals, dental hospitals and dental clinics for three months ranging from August, 2003 to October, 2003. The researcher came to the following conclusions. 1. The research on the current condition of possessed radiational equipment shows that 61.2 percent of the subjects had one intraoral radiation medicine and that 70.1 percent of the subjects had more than one extraoral radiation medicine and that 37.3 percent of the subjects had more than one digital radiation medicine. 2. Most of intraoral radiography (82.1%) was conducted by dental hygienists, and 7.5 percent of intraoral radiography was conducted by nurse aids. On the other hand, most of extraoral radiography (76.6%) was conducted by dental hygienists and digital radiography was conducted by dental hygienists(60.6%), dentists(32.0%) and radiographer(80.0%). 3. The less-than 1-meter-long distance between cone and the radiographer accounted for 44.8 percent. And the more-than 1.6-meter-long distance accounted for no more than 13.4 percent. The exposure time per standard film which was adjusted to each part accounted for 71.6 percent. Fixing the film on the part of healthy patients accounted for 76.1 percent. Fixing the film of elderly patients and children patients by the radiographer accounted for 43.3 percent. 4. The average daily photographing frequency of standard films stood at six to ten pieces(31.3%), and the average weekly photographing frequency of bitewing films stood at less than one piece(47.8%), and the dentistries where bitewing films were not employed accounted for 25.4%. The subjects whose average weekly photographing freqeuncy of occlusal films stood at less than a piece accounted for 59.7 percent. The dentistries whose average weekly photographing frequency of pediatric films stood at one to five pieces accounted for 41.8 percent. In case of panorama & cephalo, one to five pieces on a weekly average accounted for 36.2 percent. The dentistries whose average daily photographing frequency of digital radiation medicine stood at less than 1 piece accounted for 40.0 percent. 5. The research on the use of protective clothes shows that pregnant ·women only accounted for 31.3 percent. In regard to the use of protective clothes in case of the radiographers fixing films, the cases where no protective clothes were employed accounted for 88.1 percent. The reason was said to he attributable to the trouble related to wearing the clothes(54.2%). 6. The survey on the measurement of exposure dose shows that the cases where no measurement was made accounted for 76.1 percent. As far as the measurement methods of exposure dose was concerned, the employment of film badge accounted for 68.8 percent. The subjects turned out to conduct measurement of exposure dose every third month, which accounted for 43.8 percent. The barriers to the measurement of measurement of exposure dose were attributable to the recognition that a little amount of exposure dose need not be measured(29.9%). 7. The survey on the distinction of radiation rooms and clinic rooms reveals that the cases where radiation rooms exclusively existed accounted for 67.2 percent. 43.3 percent of the subjects turned out to have only one protective garment, and 49.3 percent of the subjects proved to conduct a periodical checkup of radiational equipment. The survey on the examination certificates of radiational generators and protective facilities indicates that 80.6 percent of the subjects had the certificates. The research also shows that the subjects with the marks indicating the radiational areas accounted for 70.1 percent. And trustees turned out to handle developing solutions and fixing solutions.