• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2010

영상매체를 이용한 영어 교육은 단순히 청각만을 이용한 방법보다 피교육생에게 사실적인 발음표현과 콘텐츠 몰입감 증대등의 측면에서 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 영어교육 콘텐츠에 등장하는 캐릭터들은 음성에 영어 발음에 맞추어진 사실적인 입모양을 표현키 위하여 많은 노력을 들이 있다. 이 논문에서는 교사가 손쉽게 영상 콘텐츠를 제작할 수 있도록 도와줄, 대화구문기반 교육용 콘텐츠 저작시스템을 이용하는 사용자에게 사실적인 lip-sync 애니메이션을 제작할 수 있도록 하여 교육의 능률을 높일 수 있도록 3D 캐릭터를 사례로 제작하였다. 폼 노아 마우스 차트를 활용한 입모양과 발음의 연관구조를 분석하고, 캐릭터의 컨셉 디자인에서 모델링, 맵핑, 애니메이팅 과정을 거쳐 익스포트로 최적화된 캐릭터데이터를 추출해 보았다. 입모양과 연계되는 손동작, 몸동작도 추후 연구에서 다루어질 때 보다 효율적인 교육용콘텐츠를 위한 3D캐릭터 제작이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate marital satisfaction, parenting attitude and the practice of Taegyo and to examine the relationship between marital satisfaction, parenting attitude and the practice of Taegyo for pregnant women. The sample included 234 pregnant women who participated in Pregnant Education Programs in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. We analyzed the data which were collected by means of a questionnaire from June to September, 2012 and the data was analyzed with the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and Regression analysis by SPSS 19.0. The results were summarized as follows: First, the level of marital satisfaction and practice of Taegyo was relatively high. On the other hand the level of emotional value of parenting attitude was higher than that of instrumental value. Second, the group of higher marital satisfaction revealed a higher practice of Taegyo and also in the group of higher emotional and instrumental value of parenting attitude, the practice of Taegyo was high. Third, there was a positive relationship between marital satisfaction(respect, care, parent role, and housework role), parenting attitude(emotional value, instrumental value) and the practice of Taegyo such as food Taegyo, place Taegyo, language Taegyo, emotional Taegyo and behavior Taegyo. The significant factors influencing the practice of Taegyo was connected with parent role, housework role of marital satisfaction, and instrumental value of parenting attitude.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.81-98
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• 2007

This study aims to investigate whether shortened vowel duration conditioned by a following voiceless stop induces phonetic reduction of vowel space in English, and whether the reduction appears more in the height dimension than in the backness dimension (Lindblom, 1963; Flemming, 2005). Fifteen native speakers of American English read minimal pairs containing ten American English vowels in [bVd] and [bVt] syllables in a carrier phrase. All the subjects produced shorter vowels in the voiceless than in the voiced context. However, a reduction in vowel space and a raising of low vowels due to the shortened vowel duration were generally not found. To the contrary, the speakers tended to exhibit even more lowering of low vowels in the voiceless context, and vowel space was more commonly compressed in the backness dimension than in the height dimension. Many speakers, in particular, demonstrated fronting of the high back vowel [u] in the voiceless context. It was interpreted that due to a relatively large number of English vowels in the narrower low vowel space, the raising of low vowels may give rise to confusion in vowel contrasts, and therefore the degree of phonetic vowel reduction is restricted in that region. On the other hand, the high vowel region, being relatively spacious in English, allows a certain degree of phonetic vowel reduction in the F2 dimension. It is possible that heavy requirements for maintaining vowel contrasts may cause speakers to overachieve vowel target values, especially when faced with vowels which are difficult to distinguish due to shortened vowel duration, leading to an over-lowering of the low vowels.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.619-626
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 교육용 프로그래밍 언어인 두리틀과 로봇 교육이 창의성 신장에 미치는 효과를 비교 분석하였다. 초등학교 6학년 3개반 99명을 대상으로 두리틀 교육반, 로봇 교육반, 일반 수업반으로 나누어 실험을 하였다. 두리틀 교육반, 로봇 교육반 학생들에게 10주 동안 10차시 분량의 구체적인 조작활동과 피드백, 토의 활동을 통한 교육을 진행하였다. 실험 결과 두 개의 프로그래밍 교육반 모두 일반 학급보다 창의적 능력과 창의적 성격이 신장되었으며, 특히 로봇 교육반 학생들의 창의성이 가장 많이 신장되었다. 또한 학업 성취도 하위 집단 학생들의 창의성 평균이 상위 집단보다 다소 높은 것으로 드러나 학업 성취도와 창의성 간의 양의 상관 관계는 성립하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2011

Buddhism that has arisen in India began to build the Stupa to enshrine body and Sari of Buddha as an object of worship. The stupa existed as a tome of holy leaders even before the birth of Buddha, which was called stupa or tupa in the Sanskrit and the Pali, the ancient language of India. The stupa was renamed accordingly in each Buddhism transmitted countries such as Ceylon, Tibet, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand and China and also reshaped according to their own formative style. But its original meaning and type are kept unchanged. The stupa was established in the 4 holy places including the birth place of Buddha, the place where Buddha found enlightenment, the place where Buddha preached for the first time, and the place where Buddha died. Thus, a pagoda to commemorate holy ancient places is called Chaitya, which became differentiated from the stupa in which Sari is enshrined. The stupa means Nirvana, the eternal body of Buddha, and also a place filled with teaching and preaching of Buddhism. It signifies the symbol of Buddha who escaped from the death and rebirth, to achieve complete extinction, i.e. parinirvana, and to reach ultimate eternal world, rather than simply means death. During the non-statue of th Buddha period, people built the stupa to embody Nirvana of the Buddha, and worshipped the tomb where body of holy saints was enshrined. On the other hand, they also sanctified memorial things such as tools that holy saints used, the Bo tree under which one achieved Nirvana, Dharma cakra that implied words, footprint that carried out mission work, and a way to reach to heaven.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.1240-1252
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 게이트 어레이 레이아웃 형태에서 디지털 회로를 보다 발전적 인 방식으로 설계하도록 하는 기능 모듈 구현 전용 편집기를 제안한다. 구현된 편집기 에서의 기능 모듈 설계 작업은 전반적으로 설계자와의 대화 형식으로 이루어진다. 따라서, 설계자는 빠른 시간 내에 모듈을 설계할 수 있고 보다 만족스런 레이아웃 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 특히, 본 편집기에서는 IC원판을 구성하는 기초셀 형태에 대해 독립적이며, 배치및 배선 작업 시에 수동과 반자동 방식을 함께 사용할 수 있다는 특징이 있다. 또한 기존의 툴에서는 제공되지 않는 다양한 기능들이 추가되어있어 더욱 효율적으로 모듈 생성을 할 수 있다. 본 편집기는 X- 윈도우 Motif 환경하에서 C언어로 구현되었으며, 그 기능을 기존의 레이아웃 시스템인 Seadali를 사용했을 때와 비교하여 성능을 평가하였다. 구현한 편집기를 이용하면 설계 시간을 두 배정도 단축시킬 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2019

최근 화두가 되고 있는 AI분야에서 가장 큰 문제점은 학습데이터의 부족 문제를 꼽을 수 있다. 수동 데이터 구축에는 많은 시간과 노력이 소요되기에 개인이 손쉽게 필요 데이터를 구축하기는 매우 어렵다. 반면, 수동 데이터 구축에 비해 자동으로 구축하는 것은 높은 품질을 유지하는 것이 관건이다. 본 논문에서는 한국어 음성 명령어 인식기 개발에 필요한 데이터를 웹에서 자동으로 추출하고, 학습데이터로 사용할 수 있는 데이터를 자동으로 선별하는 방법을 소개한다. 특히, 자동 구축된 한국어 음성 데이터를 대상으로 우수한 성능을 보이는 ResNet기반의 수정 모델을 기반으로, 건강 및 일상생활도메인의 명령어 셋을 대상으로 적용가능성을 보이기 위한 실험을 진행하였다. 자동으로 구축된 데이터만을 사용한 일련의 실험에서 건강도메인은 ResNet15에서 89.5%, 일상생활도메인에서는 ResNet8에서 82%의 정확도를 보임으로써, 자동 수집 데이터의 활용 가능성을 검증하였다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.141-156
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• 2011

This study purposes to explore the narrative of fictional events complicated by a specific narrator, taking notice of his/her role as an internal focalizer as well as an external participant. In William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily," the story of an eccentric spinster, Emily Grierson, is focalized and narrated by a townsperson, apparently an individual, but one who always speaks as 'we.' This tale-teller, as a first-hand witness of the events in the story, details the strange circumstances of Emily's life and her odd relationships with her father, her lover, the community, and even the horrible secret hidden to the climactic moment at the end. The narrative 'we' has surely watched Emily for many years with a considerable interest but also with a respectful distance. Being left unidentified on purpose, this narrative agent, in spite of his/her vagueness, definitely knows more than others do and acts undoubtedly as a pivotal role in this tale of grotesque love. Seamlessly juxtaposing the present and the past, the collective 'we' suggests an important subject that the distinction between the past and the present is blurred out for Emily, for whom the indiscernibleness of time flow proves to be her hamartia. The focalizer-narrator describes Miss Emily in the same manner as he/she describes the South whose old ways have passed on by time. Like the Old South, Emily is desperately trapped in the past, since she has not been able to adjust to the changes brought on by time. In the end, the tragic story of Emily Grierson which takes place in Jefferson plainly seems to serve as an introduction to mature Faulkner.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2018

Background: Treatment of distal humerus fractures in osteoporotic elderly patients is often challenging. For non-reconstructible fractures with open reduction and internal fixation, total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is an acceptable alternative. However, the relatively high complication rates and lifelong activity restrictions make TEA less ideal for elderly or low-demand patients. Efforts to identify or develop alternate procedures that benefit relatively young, high-demand patients have resulted in increased interest in hemiarthroplasty. This systematic review reports the clinical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty for distal humeral fractures. Methods: We systematically reviewed the databases of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. All English-language studies published before June 2017 were considered for possible inclusion. Search terms included 'distal humerus fracture' and 'hemiarthroplasty'. Studies reporting outcomes (and a minimum of 1 year clinical follow-up) in human subjects after hemiarthroplasty (Latitude system) for distal humeral fractures were assessed for inclusion. Patient demographics, clinical and radiographic outcomes, and complications were recorded, and homogenous outcome measures were analyzed. Results: Nine studies with a total of 115 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among the included studies, the weighted mean follow-up time was 35.4 months. Furthermore, the weighted mean of the postoperative range of motion ($107.6^{\circ}$ flexion-extension, $157.5^{\circ}$ for pronation-supination) and functional outcomes (Mayo elbow performance scores: 85.8, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score: 19.6) were within the acceptable range. Conclusions: Our study indicates that hemiarthroplasty is a viable option for comminuted distal humerus fracture. Satisfactory functional outcomes were observed in most patients.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.472-472
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• 1996

The material of database for speech recognition should include phonetic phenomena as much as possible. At the same time, such material should be phonetically compact with low redundancy[1, 2]. The phonetic phenomena in continuous speech is the key problem in speech recognition. This paper describes the processing of a set of sentences collected from the database of 1993 and 1994 "People's Daily"(Chinese newspaper) which consist of news, politics, economics, arts, sports etc.. In those sentences, both phonetic phenometla and sentence patterns are included. In continuous speech, phonemes always appear in the form of allophones which result in the co-articulary effects. The task of designing a speech database should be concerned with both intra-syllabic and inter-syllabic allophone structures. In our experiments, there are 404 syllables, 415 inter-syllabic diphones, 3050 merged inter-syllabic triphones and 2161 merged final-initial structures in read speech. Statistics on the database from "People's Daily" gives and evaluation to all of the possible phonetic structures. In this sentence set, we first consider the phonetic balances among syllables, inter-syllabic diphones, inter-syllabic triphones and semi-syllables with their junctures. The syllabic balances ensure the intra-syllabic phenomena such as phonemes, initial/final and consonant/vowel. the rest describes the inter-syllabic jucture. The 1560 sentences consist of 96% syllables without tones(the absent syllables are only used in spoken language), 100% inter-syllabic diphones, 67% inter-syllabic triphones(87% of which appears in Peoples' Daily). There are rougWy 17 kinds of sentence patterns which appear in our sentence set. By taking the transitions between syllables into account, the Chinese speech recognition systems have gotten significantly high recognition rates[3, 4]. The following figure shows the process of collecting sentences. [people's Daily Database] -> [segmentation of sentences] -> [segmentation of word group] -> [translate the text in to Pin Yin] -> [statistic phonetic phenomena & select useful paragraph] -> [modify the selected sentences by hand] -> [phonetic compact sentence set]