• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.187-199
• /
• 2009

With the advent of Web 2.0, OpenAPIs are becoming an increasing trend to emphasize Web as platform recently. OpenAPIs are used to combine services and generate new services by mashup. However because the standard documents for OpenAPIs do not exist, it may restrict the use of OpenAPIs. Previous studies of OpenAPIs mashup have been limited to tool design or language definition for service combination rather than dynamic composition. On the other hand, Web services that are a software technology implementing SOA provide standard documents such as WSDL to explain each service, UDDI to register it, and SOAP to transfer messages. Thus Web applications can interpret and execute services by using these technologies. Recent works have also been performed to provide semantic features and dynamic composition for SOA. If a dynamic and systematic approach is provided to combine Web services and OpenAPIs, Web applications can provide users with diverse services. In this study, we present a SOA based framework for mashup of OpenAPIs and Web services. The framework supports dynamic composition of OpenAPIs and Web services, where the process of composite services is described in OWL-S. A prototype is provided to validate our framework. The framework is expected to add diversity to typical Web services.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2001

After the fact that obsessive-compulsive symptoms or tic symptoms are common in Sydenham's chorea which is a sequale of rheumatic fever produced by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus was reported, the association between group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus and a subgroup of obsessivecompulsive disorder(OCD) or tic disorder has been attentioned. This subgroup shared a unique clinical course, characterized by an abrupt onset of symptoms and/or dramatic exacerbations. And this subgroup was distinguished by pre-pubertal onset of symptoms, neurological abnormalities(choreiform movements and a unique pattern of motoric hyperactivity), as well as by relapsing and remitting symptom course. Acronym PANDAS(pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection) was used to denote a subgroup of OCD or tic disorder patients with these clinical characteristics. Then, there was a report suggesting that PANDAS category include some of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and were two case reports of anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder with characteristics of PANDAS. This case is a patient who developed normally until age of 7, but after pharyngeal inflammation with high fever, he showed disturbance of cognition, social relationship, and language and communication, as well as tic symtoms and abnormal movement on face, hand, and foot. We report this case with review of literatures, because we think that this case belongs to the PANDAS category. Based on this observation, we suggest that PANDAS category include some of childhood disintegrative disorder as well as OCD, tic disorder, and ADHD.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.209-220
• /
• 2010

In this study, a survey was carried out to investigate status of children's computer use and their ability by gender and age. The objects of the survey were kids at a day care center in Gimpo where students of the early childhood education department of K university had practical training for a month. 378 questionnaire were collected excepting those with insincere or inconsistent responses, and among them, According to the results of this study, girls use computers more often than boys for educational purposes such as learning how to read and write Korean language and numbers and foreign languages, and also learning music and arts. On the other hand, boys use computers more often than girls for entertainment like cartoon movies and games. In terms of computer using ability such as understanding instructions, manipulation of functions, drawing pictures, chatting and e-mail, internet shopping, homepage making, girls have higher ability than boys while boys are significantly superior to girls in the ability to play computer games. The analytical results show that application programs of the childhood education is desirable for boys to use for the sake of arousing the interest and for the game and for girls to use at the part of music and arts. According to ages, for 1-2 years children, they needs the AP with a delicate person having the computer knowledge, for 3-4 years children, they need AP with some little help, for 6-7 years, they need the AP to do themselves according to sex and age.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.579-594
• /
• 2014

The areas of fashion research and fashion design aesthetics & fashion history have been studied under a common research heading as a Humanities subject in the UK and the USA, and as Clothing and Textiles Studies in Korea. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the 2004~2013 research tendencies in terms of reporting methods and contents from 181 world-renowned Fashion Theory research papers within the UK and USA fashion research corpus, and 359 Korean research papers from The Research Journal of Costume Culture related to fashion design aesthetics & costume history field. The subject areas, periods, methodologies, and differences in the topics of the studies were examined. The results of the research are as follows. Regarding the research authorship and length of the research papers, in Fashion Theory most papers were written by a single English-speaking or other foreign language-speaking author and were on average longer than 21 pages, while in The Research Journal of Costume Culture, many papers were jointly written by two Korean researchers and were between 11 and 20 pages. Regarding the content, Fashion Theory was connected to relatively wide and diverse periodical and regional boundaries including the body, clothing, the fashion media, and the overall fashion system, while The Research Journal of Costume Culture revolved around the body and clothing, textiles, the fashion media, and costumes. In addition, since the late $20^{th}$ century, the studies appeared to be related to the current Western world overall or to the country of the author. Regarding the research methodology, Fashion Theory used diverse research subjects and methodologies, and research was conducted on topics relating to fashion culture or fashion aesthetics. On the other hand, The Research Journal of Costume Culture featured relatively more dynamic studies aimed at suggesting developments or solutions to problems. It was found that a large share of that research focused on detailed style analyses and suggestions for aspects such as design elements and design developments. Such differences are considered to be caused by the inherent differences between the academic departments for the Humanities, and the Human Ecology. The above research results are expected to provide fundamental information in setting a direction for future research to assist the globalization of domestic research.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to suggest the necessity of education about toothpaste usage to infants, preschoolers, and their parents. Also, another purpose is to provide basic data that is necessary for oral health education about accurate cognition and usage of toothpaste. Methods: From October to December 2015, we conducted a survey on parents of 0~4 years old infants and preschoolers about toothpaste usage based on the data of a questionnaire with a total of 505 subjects. The survey questions were composed of general characteristics of infants, preschoolers and their parents, and toothpaste usage. Results: Usage frequency of toothpaste for infants and preschoolers increased with age (p<0.001), and infants and preschoolers in homes with monthly income under 4 million won showed high frequency of toothpaste usage (p<0.001). Toothpaste mouth rinsing of infants and preschoolers increased with age (p<0.001), while on the other hand, toothpaste swallowing decreased (p<0.001). Conclusions: In this study, it was shown that the factors that effect toothpaste usage in infants and preschoolers were age and average monthly income of the family. This suggests the necessity of oral health education to parents about usage of toothpaste in infants and preschoolers.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.447-459
• /
• 2007

Recently, the use of computer game by Korean teenagers is rapidly growing due to the expansion of the computer popularization and the development of game industry. Of all the teenagers, 82.4% have experience of playing computer game and statistics shows that 22.4% of them play everyday. There is an opinion that the computer game not only improves self confidence and concentration but also enhances internet use, foreign language usage and cognitive ability so that it accelerates learning efficacy and releases stress. On the other hand, there also exists a negative opinion on the symptoms of its addiction. Young(1996) warns that like other addictions, computer game addiction can provoke social problems such as loss of control, desire, marriage problem, schoolwork failure, financial deficiency and loss of employment. Therefore, this study has investigated how computer game addiction affects teenagers' personality. For this purpose, I have conducted the research on the reality of teenagers'computer game use, computer game addiction assessment, analysis on the difference between male and female, and on the relation between the level of computer game addiction and teenagers' personality. As a result, it is confirmed that the computer game addiction affects negatively to teenagers' personality such as stability, self-controlling, perceiving emotion, expressing emotion and controlling emotion.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2016

In this study, we investigated the effects of mouth breathing on brain activity through electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG was performed on 12 healthy volunteers of age ranging from 21 to 27 years (male: female = 6:6, non-smoker). Brain waves on resting state (Rest_N/Rest_M) and auditory-language stimuli state (Eng_N/Eng_M) were recorded during mouth and nose breathing. Four different regions (R1~R4) were classified based on the brain functionality. And each channel (e.g., Pf1 and Pf2) and frequency (${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$, and ${\theta}$) were analyzed using their absolute power ratios of fast Fourier transform (FFT). The results showed that there was no significant difference between Rest_N and Rest_M. Eng_N had significantly higher brain activity than Rest_N; on the other hand, there was no significant difference between Rest_M and Eng_M. These results demonstrate that mouth-breathing on resting state does not induce any significant effects on brain activity and/or functionality, even though it causes subtle temporary inconvenience. In addition to the uncomfort, the brain activity can be adversely influenced by mouth-breathing, which could lower the cognitive skills under certain circumstances.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2020

This study aims to compare the acoustic characteristics of vowel phonation in children with spastic and dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP). Thirty-four children aged 4-12 years with CP participated in the study (spastic 26, dyskinetic 8). Voice samples for the acoustic analysis were extracted from a sustained vowel /a/. All acoustic measures were made using Praat. Group differences were compared by an independent t-test or Welch-Aspin test, if the equivalence assumption was not met. The results of this study are as follow. First, maximum phonation time(MPT) was significantly shorter for the dyskinetic CP than for the spastic CP. Second, shimmer percent was significantly increased in the dyskinetic CP than in the spastic CP. Lastly, there were no significant group differences in both the first formant and the second formant. These findings indicate that the dyskinetic CP has a poorer respiratory capacity and poorer laryngeal function than the spastic CP. On the other hand, both groups have a comparable ability to articulate the vowel /a/. The results of the present study help speech language pathologists identify the speech motor control ability of children with two types of CP (spastic and dyskinetic) and help to make an intervention plan associated with a specific type of CP.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.31
• /
• pp.48-83
• /
• 1996

Our conclusions for function evaluation tools of Stroke patients are as follows. 1. Evaluating tools of Activities of Daily Living, Katz Index, Barthel Index, Modified Barthel Index have high validity and reliability because of ease of measuring, high accuracy, consistency, sensitivity and sufficient stastistics, but they mainly measure motor function except sense, mentation, language, and social conception. Therefore cerebrovascular disease and brain injury in trauma patients with lacked acknowledgement and sensation, we are not able to apply these tools. 2. PULSES Profile is a useful scale for measuring the patient's over-all status, upper and lower limb functions, sensory components, excretary functions, and intellectual and emotional adaptabilities. It is recognized as a good, useful tool to evaluate patient's whole function. 3. Motor Assessment Scale was designed to measure the progress of stroke patients. The scale was supplemented with upper arm function items. We believe that the Motor Assessment Scale could be a useful evaluation tool with inter-rater reliability ,test-retest reliability. 4. The existing evaluation tools, Katz Index, Barthel Index, Modified Barthel Index, PULSES Profile, Motor Assessment Scale, mainly measured the rehabilitational motor function of sequela of cerebrovascular patients. On the other hand CNS & INH stroke scale can measure cerebrovascular disease patient's neurologic deficits and over-all stautus, which are recognition ability, speech status, motor function, sensory function, activities of daily living. Those scales have been recognized as useful tools to measure function of cerebrovascular disease patients and have increased in use. 5. Every function evaluation tool was recognized to have some validity and inter-rater, test-retest reliability in items of each evaluation tool and total scores of each evaluation tools, but it is thought that none of these scales have been fully validated and proved reliable. Therefore afterward, the development of a highly reliable rating system may best be accomplished by a careful comparison of several tools, using the same patients and the same observers in order to choose the most reliable items from each. 6. Ideal evaluation tools must have the following conditions; (1) It should show the objective functional statues at the same time. (2) It should be repeated consecutively to know changed function status. (3) It should be easy to observe the treatment program. (4) It should have the same result with another rater to help rater exchange information with treatment team members. (5) It should be practical and simple. (6) The patient should not suffer from the observer.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.37
• /
• pp.329-360
• /
• 2008

In Korea, the major of international trade and business introduced in the 1960s to supply trade expert to trading companies, and the heyday of the trade major was in the 1980s. However the trade major fell into decay from the middle of 1990s. The purpose of trade education in university is to supply high qualified employees to societies and companies. The problem is that companies have difficuties for recruiting of trade expert, on the other hand university graduates have few job oppertunies. It has some discrepancies between education and field. The object of this paper is to propose a direction of modification of the trade and international business curriculum for global trade expert. We research international trade and business departments' curriculums of GTEP universities. GTEP stands for global trade expert incubating program started from 2006 which have charge of MOCIE and KITA. First, in the title of department, a lot of former researchers have taken up the position to return "Trade" or "International Trade". We think more important fact is not the title of department but the curriculum, so we insist on a harmony between the department title and curriculums. The focus of modification of curriculum is to educate global trade expert, so we need to know about global business environment and companies' needs also. Second, We propose the directions for modification of curriculum are "convergence" and "specialty". Trade major is a mixed study in nature and trade major try to treat lots of subjects such as trade, business adminstration, economics, international law, international commerce, logistics and marketing etc to catch up changing global business circumstanses and companies' needs. So convergence of adjacent field is very important in study and training. Specialty means selection and concentration strategy for global trade expert. It is difficult to learn every knowledge and skills for employer's needs in 4 years and 140 credits. A students who has studied basic subject in trade, management, economics can choose 1 or 2 specailty subject such as trade and e-commerce, global marketing, logistics and transportation, commerce and policy, servive trade, foreign language and cross culture etc. In concusion, the concept of convergence and specialty is not separation but harmony each other, so we propose to promote two concept together for modification of the trade and international business curriculum for training of global trade expert.