• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.514-520
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• 2008

This study addresses the development of a soy hamburger patty containing enzyme-treated textured soy protein (TSP) as a meat analogue. In order to reduce the beany flavor and enhance the texture, TSP was treated with 0.3% Flavourzyme for 5, 10, 20, or 30 min. The degree of hydrolysis and the water holding capacity of the TSP increased with increasing hydrolysis time. The oil binding capacity of the TSP also increased with increasing hydrolysis time, approaching the maximal value, 175.82%, at 30 min, whereas that of pork scored with the lowest value of 128.67%. The volume of pork was reduced to 81.5% as the result of heat treatment, whereas that of the TSP increased to 140.57%. The values of 'L', 'b', and '${\Delta}E$' differed significantly (p<0.001) with heat treatment, but the 'a' values did not differ significantly. With regard to texture, the hardness values were highest in the pork hamburger patty (PHP), and were lowest in the soy hamburger patty (SHP) containing untreated TSP. The hardness of the SHP containing TSP treated for 20 min did not differ significantly from that of the PHP. The cohesiveness and gumminess of the SHP treated for 20 min were highest, whereas those treated for 10 min were the lowest. The gumminess of the SHP treated for 20 min did not differ significantly from that of pork. The chewiness of the PHP was the highest, whereas that of the SHP treated for 5 min was the lowest. In our sensory evaluation, PHP evidenced the highest scores, followed by the SHP treated for 30 min, as color, texture, beany flavor, and overall quality all improved as the consequence of increasing enzyme treatment duration. In conclusion, it is believed that SHP has great potential as a substitute for meat, in that the flavor, texture, and beany flavor of SHP did not differ significantly from those of PHP.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2017

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of pork liver levels on the quality characteristics of hamburger patties. Methods: The effects of the addition of livers concentrations from 0% to 20% were investigated based on chemical composition, cooking characteristics, physicochemical properties, shear force, and sensory characteristics of hamburger patties. Results: The increasing pork liver levels from 0% to 20% resulted in increased moisture content, ash content, redness, reduction in diameter, and reduction in thickness of hamburger patties, but decreased the fat content, lightness, cooking yield, shear force and water holding capacity of hamburger patties. The protein content of hamburger patties with different amounts of pork liver showed no significant differences. The hamburger patties with increasing pork liver levels had lower color, flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability scores, but the overall acceptability of control showed similar trends to T1 (treatments with 5% pork liver). Conclusion: Pork liver in the formulation showed similar quality characteristics as compared to control hamburger patties without liver, with best results obtained on adding up to 5% pork liver.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.888-892
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• 2000

Antimicrobial activity of Caesalpina sappan L. extract (CS extract) against 6 kinds of food spoilage and pathogenic organisms was studied. The growth of Listeria monocytogenes Brie 1, Escherichis coli ATCC 11775, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11775, and Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 11775 was inhibited about 4 to 5 $log_{10}$ cycle in Tryptic soy Broth(TSB) containing 1% CS extract. Bacillus subtilis KCTC 102 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus ACTT 17802 did not show apparent growth in the same medium. Effect of CS extract on preservation of ground meat was also investigated. The range of pH change was 5.0~5.2 in CS extract added ground meat, 5.2~6.0 in CS extract not added ground meat (control) during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Number of total bacteria after 15 days storage was $10^{6}$/g in CS extract added ground meat, 10$^3$/g in control. Redness of ground meats was improved significantly by addition of 1% CS extract during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The sensory quality of 1% CS extract added hamburger patty was similar to that of the control in taste, flavor, and overall acceptability.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.809-817
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• 2011

본 연구는 햄버거 패티 재료 중 육류의 일부를 다시마 분말 또는 다시마 분말을 함유한 밥으로 대체하여 식후 혈당과 혈장 지질 농도에 미치는 영향이 개선되는지 알아보고자 수행되었다. 표준패티 C와 시험패티 L, LI 및 LII를 제조하였다. L은 육류의 2.5%를 다시마 분말로 대체하였고, LI과 LII는 각각 육류의 25%와 50%를 다시마 분말을 함유한 밥으로 대체하여 제조했다. 인체시험 대상자는 외견상 건강하고 혈당과 혈장 지질 농도가 정상이며 본 실험에 참여하고자 자발적으로 동의서를 작성한 성인 여성 10명이었다. 이들 대상자에게 매 시험 시작 전 사흘 동안 영양적으로 균형 잡힌 식사를 제공했다. 각각의 패티를 200 g씩 섭취하게 하였으며, 섭취 전에 공복 혈액을 채취하였고, 섭취 후 30분, 60분, 120분, 180분 및 240분에 채혈하였다. C는 섭취 후 240분까지 혈당을 크게 올렸고 중성지방 농도는 미미하게 올렸으며, LDL-콜레스테롤 농도를 상당히 높인 반면에 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도를 현저하게 낮추어 총 콜레스테롤 농도를 약간 낮추는 결과를 나타냈다. 이에 비해 L은 혈당을 전혀 높이지 않았으며, 중성지방 농도의 저하 효과는 거의 없었으나 총 콜레스테롤 농도를 크게 낮추었는데, 이는 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도도 떨어졌지만 LDL-콜레스테롤 농도의 저하가 크게 기여한 결과였다. 한편 LI과 LII는 혈당은 C와 비슷하게 올렸지만, 중성지방 농도를 현저하게 낮추었고, 총 콜레스테롤 농도를 L과 비슷한 양상으로 낮추었다. LI과 LII는 L에 비해 비록 통계적 유의성은 없었으나, LDL-콜레스테롤 농도의 저하 효과가 약한 편이었다. 반면에 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도를 낮춘 효과는 비슷했다. 이러한 연구결과는 햄버거 패티의 재료 중 육류 일부를 다시마 분말로 대체하거나 또는 다시마 분말을 함유한 밥으로 대체함으로써 식후 혈당이나 혈장 지질 양상을 개선시키는 건강기능성 패티의 개발 가능성을 증명해준다. 혈당 상승을 경계해야 할 사람에게는 혈당저하 효과가 강력한 다시마 분말로 육류 2.5%를 대체한 L이 적합하며, 중성지방이나 콜레스테롤 농도의 상승을 억제해야 할 사람에게는 다시마 분말을 함유한 밥으로 육류의 25% 또는 50%을 대체한 LI과 LII가 유용할 것이다. 즉, 혈당이나 혈장 지질 농도가 정상인 사람에서 확인되었는바 고혈당이나 고지혈증을 지닌 사람에서는 그 효과가 더 크게 나타날 것이라 추측되며 향후 확인해야 할 과제라고 생각한다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.817-829
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• 2016

In order to develop functional hamburger steak patties, various concentrations of lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera) were incorporated into them. The quality characteristics of the hamburger patties prepared after the addition of 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25% (w/w) lotus root were investigated. The moisture contents of the groups with lotus root were significantly higher than that of the control group. The crude fat and crude protein contents of the control group were higher than those of the other groups. No significant difference in the crude ash content was observed among the groups. The cooking loss rate, rate of reduction in diameter, and reduction in thickness of the groups with lotus root were significantly lower than those of the control group. Accroding to the results, lotus root inhibit cooking loss and help to keep moisture after cooking process. No significant difference in the L value was observed among the groups. The a and b values of the groups with lotus root were significantly decreased compared to those of the control group. No significant difference in hardness was observed among the groups. it suggest lotus root didn't affect the texture of hamburger patties. In the quantitative descriptive analysis, no significant difference in the color and fresh odor was observed among the groups. The groups with lotus root were softer than the control group. The groups with 10 to 25 % of lotus root showed higher juiciness and a sweeter taste than the control group. The preference of appearance, texture, flavor and overall acceptability of the groups with 10 to 25% lotus root were higher than those of the other groups, including the control group. In conclusion, lotus root can increase the acceptability of hamburger patties and 10-25% would appear to be the proper amount of it to use.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ohmic power intensity on the physico-chemical properties of hamburger patties. Six different ohmic power intensities (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50V) were delivered by controlling the power with the sine wave at 50Hz. The ohmic power intensity influenced the thawing rate, and increasing ohmic power intensity increased the thawing rate. The faster thawing rate was obtained at higher ohmic power intensity (50V) with 0.5% NaCl added meat patties in comparison to no NaCl added hamburger patties. The pH values of all patties were not significantly different with increasing ohmic power intensity (p<0.05). Increasing thawing rate did not tend to improve the water holding capacity (WHC) of all patties by ohmic thawing. Cooking losses were almost the same regardless of increasing ohmic power intensity. Increasing ohmic power intensity tended to increase the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels. TBARS levels of all hamburger patties without NaCl were significantly higher than that of 0.5% NaCl added hamburger patties (p<0.05) at higher ohmic intensity (50V). In conclusion, these results indicated that a higher ohmic power intensity at 50 V induced the lipid oxidation of all patties.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.403-413
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics, including sensory and physical properties, of hamburger patties added with spinach as a source of fiber. Hamburger patties were prepared with spinach at five different levels (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%. Moisture contents of the groups with spinach were significantly higher than that of the control group. Crude fat and crude protein contents of the control group were higher than those of the group with spinach. Crude ash content of the control group was the lowest among the groups. No significant difference in pH was observed among the groups. The cooking loss rates of groups with spinach were significantly reduced compared to that of the control group. No significant difference in L value was observed among the groups. However, a value of the control group was higher than those of the groups with spinach. Otherwise, b value of the control group was lower than those of the groups with spinach. The hardness levels of the control groups were significantly higher than those of groups with spinach. In the quantitative descriptive analysis, green color and bitter taste of the groups with spinach were stronger than that of the control group. The preference levels for appearance of the groups with 10 to 15% spinach were higher than those of the other groups, including the control groups. Overall acceptabilities of the groups with 5 to 15% spinach were significantly higher than those of the other groups. In conclusion, spinach can increase the acceptability of hamburger patties, and 10 to 15% would appear to be the proper added amount.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on various quality and antioxidant activity of hamburger patties. Lemon balm extract (LBE) showed the highest amount of total polyphenol (801.00 mg TAE/g DW) and flavonoids (65.05 mg RA/g DW). The $IC_{50}$ value of DPPH hydroxyl scavenging of LBE was $132{\mu}g/mL$. The hamburger patties were prepared by 0% (N), 0.1% (L1), 0.5% (L2), and 1.0% (L3) of the lemon balm powder. The addition of lemon balm powder increased the chewiness value, but did not affect the hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness values. Lemon balm powder had positive effects on sensory evaluation of patties. The pH of all patties decreased with longer storage period. 2-Thiobarbituric acid value, volatile basic nitrogen content, and the total microbial counts of hamburger patties in the L3 group were lower, compared to those of the normal (N group). In conclusion, the L3 group had significantly delayed lipid peroxidation compared to other treatment groups. However, the addition of lemon balm powder into patties showed no significantly influence on proximate composition, calorie contents, water holding capacity and cooking loss of patties. Therefore, lemon balm might be a useful natural antioxidant additive in meat products.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2016

본 연구는 돈육 후지 부위를 영양학적으로 우수한 머리고기로 대체한 햄버거 패티의 품질 특성을 파악하여, 경제적이면서 고품질의 햄버거 패티를 개발하고자 연구를 실시하였다. 수분 함량, 명도, 적색도, 황색도, 가열수율 및 보수력은 머리고기 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 추세를 나타냈으나, 지방 함량 및 회분 함량은 대조구와 머리고기를 첨가한 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 머리고기 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 단백질 함량, pH, 직경감소율, 두께감소율 및 전단력은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 관능적 특성도 색 및 풍미에서 대조구와 비교하여 15%까지 머리고기를 첨가한 처리구(T1, T2, T3)에서는 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았으며, 전체적인 기호도에서는 대조구와 비교하여 머리고기를 10%까지 첨가한 처리구에서 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 활용도가 낮은 돈육 부산물 중 머리고기를 활용하여 햄버거 패티를 제조할 시 머리고기의 첨가량이 10% 이하로 첨가하는 것이 햄버거 패티의 품질 및 관능적으로 우수한 식육제품을 제조할 수 있을 것으로 보여진다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.742-747
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 청국장 분말 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%를 첨가한 햄버거 패티를 제조한 후, 일반성분, 물성 및 관능검사를 하였으며 이에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분 분석결과 수분, 조단백, 조회분 함량은 대조군이 청국장 분말 첨가군(실험군)보다 유의적(p<0.01)으로 낮았으며 조지방 함량은 대조군이 실험군보다 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높게 나타났다. 색도 측정 결과 L값과 b값은 대조군이 실험군보다 유의적(p<0.01, p<0.05)으로 낮았으나 a값은 대조군이 실험군보다 유의적으로(p<0.01) 높게 나타났다. 물성 측정 결과, 견고성(hardness)은 대조군이 실험군보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았으며, 청국장 분말 4% 첨가군이 가장 낮았다. 관능검사 결과, 씹힘성(chewiness)에서만 대조군이 가장 낮았으며, 청국장 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 높게 나타났으며 유의적(p<0.05)인 차이를 보였다. 그러나 각 관능특성에서 실험군 중, 청국장 분말 2% 첨가군은 색(color), 다즙성(juiciness), 향미(flavor)에서, 4% 첨가군은 고기 비린내(beefy)에서, 6% 첨가군은 촉촉한 정도(moisture)에서, 0% 첨가군은 짠맛(salty)에서 높은 관능점수를 나타냈으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 기호도 검사에서는 청국장 분말 2% 첨가군이 질감(texture)에서 시판 A사 제품보다 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높은 점수를 나타냈고 냄새(smell)에서는 청국장 분말 0% 첨가군과 2% 첨가군이 A사 제품보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 점수를 보였으나 전체적인 기호도(overall acceptability) 평균점수에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 살펴볼 때, 청국장 분말을 첨가한 패티는 대조군 보다 수분, 조단백, 조회분 함량은 높으나 조지방 함량은 낮게 나타났다. 또한 대조군보다 청국장 분말의 첨가로 패티의 경도가 부드럽게 나타났다. 관능검사에서는 청국장 분말 첨가군이 대조군보다 씸힘성에만 높은 점수를 보였고 다른 관능 특성에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 기호도 검사의 전반적인 수응도에서도 청국장 분말 첨가 패티가 시판 햄버거와 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이는 청국장 분말 첨가 패티가 시판 햄버거 패티의 단점을 보완 할 수 있고, 영양적으로도 의미가 있음을 시사하며, 나아가 기능성 식품으로서의 제품화 가능성을 보여준다. 따라서 청국장 분말 첨가 패티는 한국 전통 음식의 재료를 패스트푸드의 대표인 햄버거에 접목시켜 맛과 영양을 향상시킨 건강식 햄버거 패티 개발이란 점에 의의가 있으며, 이를 기초로 장기적으로는 젊은 층의 입맛을 겨냥하며 청국장의 기호성을 증가시킬 수 있는 다양한 웰빙 제품의 개발이 가능할 것이다.