• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2009

A novel gastric ulcer healing formulation, a mixture of Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Halloysitum Rubrum and Ostreae Testa (Dihaos), was examined for gastric ulcer healing effects. The effect of Dihaos was assessed in various gastric ulcer models in rats. Oral administration of Dihaos significantly reduced HCl-ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. Dihaos also significantly reduced gastric and duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine. Ostreae Testa decreased secretion of gastric juice and increased the pH of gastric juice. Furthermore, the extracts of Dioscoreae Rhizoma affected the cell proliferation of MKN 74 cells. These results suggest that the healing effect of Dihaos on gastrohemorrhagic lesions results from its protective effect against acid secretion and proliferation of mucosal cells in induced gastric ulcers in rats.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1989

The kaolin deposits in Hadong-Sancheong area, have been formed by supergene weathering of anorthositic rocks including anorthosite, leucogabbro, and gabbro. Kaolin consists chiefly of halloysite(10$\AA$) and kaolinite with other minerals such as illite, vermiculite, plagioclase, hornblende, quartz amorphous materials(allophane and siica), goethite, and hematite. Goethite and hematite are the major coloring agents of the reddish brown and other colored kaolins. Other common accessory minerals are magnetite, ilmentite, anatase, gibbsite, I/S, C/V, chlorite, lithiophorite, and birnessite. Paragonite, dravite, laumontite, clinozoisite, muscovite, scolecite, stellerite are locally found. Al substitution of Fe in goethite and hematite decreases from the surface zone toward the deeper zone. The kaolin deposits show three horizontal zoning; the upper reddish brown, middle pink, and lower white zones. All the zones are characterized by somewhat different mineralogy. The factors for the formation of kaolin deposits in Hadong-Sancheong area are 1) the presence of anorthositic rocks, 2) the low flat or gentle topography, 3) the favorable climate, and 4) the long-continued preservation of kaolins with-out erosion.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1998

Weathering of biotite in Palgonsan granite was studied by using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe micro analysis. Biotite altered to biotite/vermiculite regular mixed layer mineral (B/V) in the early stage of weathering. Although partially replaced by kaolinite with the progress of weathering. B/V is the major weathering product of biotite throughout the profile. During the formation of B/V, Mg, Fe and K are removed from a biotite layer to form a vermiculite layer by about 28%, 44% and 88%, respectively, whereas the Ti content is not changed. Considerable volume increase after the kaolinitization of B/V suggests that Al and Si are largely introduced from the external weathering solution. The silicate lattice templet of a weathering biotite facilitated the nucleation and growth of kaolinite. In the Palgongsan granite weathering profile, plagioclase weathered mostly into halloysite whereas biotite greatly contributes to the kaolinite crystallization though its small content in fresh rock.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.228-231
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• 1987

Studies on the adsorption of four kinds of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens by activated Korean Kaoline have been carried out to innovate utilization as adsosrbent preparations. In connection with particle size and size fraction, the adsorption was examined by colony counting and spectroscopy. Korean kaolin was purified from Hadong white species of preminum grade and three size fractions were derived from passage through BS # 100, #200 and # 325 mesh sieves, respectively. These were activated at $105^{\circ}$or $280^{\circ}$ for three hours and at $550^{\circ}C$ for one hours. The results indicated that the adsorbing power of Korean kaolin was superior for S. aureus and S. lutea, but E. coli and S. marcescens were not adsorbed by clays. The smaller the particle size, the greater was adsorbing power for Gram-positive bacteria. Threre appears to be justification for its investigations as an ingredient in intestinal adsorbent preparations.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1976

Mullite was synthesized by using kaolin and $\alpha$-alumina, and halloysite and aluminum hydroxide as raw materials at the various temperature in the range of 1200$^{\circ}$-1750$^{\circ}$C. The degree of mullitization was measured respectively by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method and a chemical analysis method. The rate and the maximum degree of mullitization were found to increase with temperature . The reaction completed at 1600$^{\circ}$Cfor less than 30 minutes, and yielded 98% mulllite inpurity in the case of kaolin-Al(OH)3. TiO$_2$ up to 3% was added to the batches of kaolin-Al(OH)$_3$. the effect of addition on the mullitization was investigated and found to decrease the sintering temperature for the mullitization. The mechanism of TiO$_2$ addition on the formation of mullite was also discussed.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-80
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• 1989

Strongly weathered granitic rocks are widely distributed in the south-eastern part of the Ganghwa island. Kaolinite developed during intense weathering on this granitic rocks have been studied mineralogically and chemically. Various weathering indexes were ca1culated on the basis of oxide. Those indexes are slightly varied with depth. It shows that the percentages of $Al_2O_3$ increase but that of $CaO+Na_2O+K_2O$ decrease as the weathering progress. These results indicate that day minerals, mainly kaolinite with the appreciable amount of halloysite, were formed by the weathering of feldspars in the granitic rocks. X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, infrared spectrometry and electron microscopy were used to characterize and estimate crystallinity of the kaolinite. Generally, Kaolinite shows a less sharp basal reflection and relatively low dehydroxylation temperature, indicating disordered kaolinite. They usually occur aggregates as a vermicular kaolinites showing loose basal plane stacking arrangement.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.347-356
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• 1992

Various kaolin samples with different alumina content were prepared from calcined admixture of kaolin and ammonium sulfate by varying the treatment time in sulfuric acid. Samples were nitridated under N2 or N2-H2 atmosphere with changing the amount of added carbon, the reaction time and temperature. As the alumina content lowered, the size of kaolin particles decreased and the specific surface area increased. XRD analysis indicated that ${\alpha}$-quartz remained by decomposition of halloysite and meta-halloysite. Experimental results of nitridation behavior are summerized as follows; 1) Nitridation under N2 atmosphere. With the increase of C/SiO2 ratio and with the decrease of Al2O3 content, disappearance of XRD pattern peaks of mullite, ${\alpha}$-quartz and ${\alpha}$-Al2O3 were accelerated at 1300$^{\circ}C$. SiC was the main phase in the reaction product of acid-treated kaolin samples nitridated at 1300$^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours regardless of C/SiO2 ratio. But the XRD peak intensities of ${\beta}$-Si3N4, ${\beta}$-sialon and SiC did not show much difference when untreated raw kaolin was fired at the same condition. When the ratio of C/SiO2 was 3.5, ${\beta}$-sialon and ${\beta}$-Si3N4 existed in the reaction product of about 22% alumina containing kaolin sample fired at 1350$^{\circ}C$ for 7 hours. Only ${\beta}$-sialon existed in the same sample fired at 1400$^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours. ${\beta}$-sialon was obtained from all of the acid-treated kaolin samples fired at 1400$^{\circ}C$ for 40 hours, but AlN and SiC remained in the untreated kaolin sample. Z value of the ${\beta}$-sialon obtained from the 22% alumina containing kaolin sample fired at 1400$^{\circ}C$ for 40 hours was about 1.3(XRD) and 1.5(EDS). 2) Nitridation under 80N2+2OH2 mixed gas atmosphere with the C/SiO2 ratio of 1 Mullite was not found, but ${\alpha}$-Si3N4, and ${\beta}$-sialon were present in the reaction product of about 22% alumina containing kaolin sample fired at 1300$^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours. When untreated kaolin sample was nitridated at the same condition, mullite remained. AlN and SiC were not found in the reaction product of about 22% alumina containing kaolin sample fired at 1350$^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. On the other hand, AlN and SiC remained in the product of untreated kaolin fired at the same condition.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.158-167
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• 1994

부산시(釜山市) 구월산(九月山)의 안산암유(安山岩類) 암석(岩石) 분포지역(分布地域)의 풍화암(風化岩)에서 토양(土壤)에 이르는 여러가지 풍화산물(風化産物) 중(中)의 구성광물(構成廣物) 특히 점토광물(粘土鑛物)에 대한 산상(産狀), 특성(特性) 및 형성과정(形成過程)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 대체적으로 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1. 부산시(釜山市) 구월산(九月山) 지역(地域)에서 안산암유(安山岩類)를 모암(母岩)으로 하는 풍화토(風化土)에서는 카오리나이트 및 할로이사이트의 카오린광물(鑛物)과 $12{\AA}$과 $14{\AA}$에 X-선회절선을 나타내는 점토광물(粘土鑛物)들이 주(主)로 나타난다. 2. $12{\AA}$-광물(鑛物)은 운모(雲母)/버미큐라이프 혼합층광물(混合層鑛物)에 가까운 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 입자(粒子)가 다른 점토광물(粘土鑛物)에 비해 큰 것으로 운모(雲母)나 각섬석(角閃石)이 버미큐라이트로 변하는 중간단계(中間段階)에서 형성(形成)된 것으로 생각된다. 3. 이 지역(地域)에 나타나는 $14{\AA}$-광물(鑛物)로는 버미큐라이트와 스멕타이트의 중간적(中間的)인 특성(特性)을 나타내는 버미큐라이트/스멕타이트 혼합층광물(混合層鑛物)에 해당(該當)되는 것과 Al-버미큐라이트에 해당(該當)되는 것이 있다. 이들 광물(鑛物)도 풍화(風化)에 의해 카오리나이트로 변하는 중간단계(中間段階)에서 형성(形成)된 것으로 사료(思料)된다. 4. 카오린광물(鑛物)로는 $10{\AA}$과 $7{\AA}$의 할로이사이트 및 카오리나이트가 포함(包含)된다. 이 중(中)의 할로이사이트는 본(本) 지역(地域)에서 나타나는 점토광물(粘土鑛物) 중(中)에서 가장 입자(粒子)가 작은 것으로 나타나며 튜브의 길이도 비교적 짧은 것이 많다. 따라서 미립질일수록 하로이사이트의 함량이 많아지는 경향이 있다. 풍화(風化)가 아주 많이 진행(進行)된 풍화토(風化土)에는 카오리나이트가 상대적으로 많은 경향(傾向)을 나타낸다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1987

전해질(電解質) 용액내(溶液內)에서 이탄표면(泥炭表面)의 하전량변화(荷電量變化)와 이탄유기물(泥炭有機物)의 화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)에 관하여 조사(調査)하였다. 두이탄(泥炭)의 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)은 영양산(産) 이탄(泥炭)이 43.3%, 평택산(産) 이탄(泥炭)이 53.7%이였으며 점토(粘土) 광물(鑛物)은 대부분(大部分)의 석영(石英)과 미량(微量)의 illite 장석류(長石類), kaolinite, hydated-halloysite가 각각(各各) 혼재(混在)되어 있었다. 시료중(試料中)의 총산기(總酸基)의 량(量)은 평택산(産) 이탄(泥炭)이 1,257me/g로서, 영양산(産) 이탄(泥炭)보다 약간 많았으며, 유기물(有機物)의 pKa값은 영양산(産) 이탄(泥炭)이 13.1, 평택산(産) 이탄(泥炭)이 12.65이었다. 산(酸), 알칼리 적정곡선(滴定曲線)은 영양산(産) 이탄(泥炭)은 pH 3.9와 4.4에서, 평택산(産) 이탄(泥炭)은 pH 3.8과 4.0에서 교차 되었다. 음양(陰陽) ion 흡착량(吸着量)의 경우 영양산(産) 이탄(泥炭)에서는 $pH\;4.55{\sim}5.20(NaCl),\;pH\;3.95{\sim}5.70(CaCl_2)$에서, 평택산(産) 이탄(泥炭)의 경우에는 $pH\;4.15{\sim}5.40(NaCl),\;pH\;3.80{\sim}4.15(CaCl_2)$에서 각각(各各) 총하전량(總荷電量)이 양(陽)에서 음(陰)으로 바뀌었다. 그래서 본이탄(本泥炭)의 ZPC(Zero point of charge)는 pH 4.0 부근에서 형성(形成)되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.425-443
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• 2004

한반도의 중부에 위치한 북한강에는 하안단구의 발달이 대체로 빈약하며, 하상비고 18-29m의 T1면과 하상비고 25-39m의 T2면이 분포한다. 하안단구 퇴적층의 적색화 지수는 T2면이 평균 0.65, T1면이 0.54이며, 역의 풍화각 두께는 T2면의 편마암이 14.0mm, 화강암은 $\infty$이고, T1면에서는 편마암이 5.0mm, 화강암은 8.0mm로 측정되어, 형성시기가 오래된 T2면 퇴적층이 T1면에 비해 상대적으로 더 강한 풍화작용을 받았다. 규반비(SiO$_2$/Al$_2$O$_3$)와 규철반비 (SiO$_2$/R$_2$O$_3$)는 T2면이 각각 3.32, 2.64, T1면이 각각 4.06, 3.19이고 CIA(Chemical Index of Alteration)는 T2면이 87.85%, T1면이 85.88%로서, 더 오래된 T2면에서 풍화작용이 더 활발한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 하안단구 T2면 퇴적층에서는 높은 풍화 정도를 의미하는 kaolinite와 halloysite가 발견되고, kaolinite의 용탈에 의해 형성되는 gibbsite도 확인되었다. 그러나 하안단구 T1면에서는 kaolinite가 발견되지 않으며, 풍화에 약한 사장석이 발견되기도 하였다. 하안단구의 하상비고, 퇴적층의 적색화 지수, 역의 풍화각 두께, 원소 함량 및 광물 조성을 토대로 할 때, 북한강 하안단구 T2면의 형성시기는 MIS 6시기(130-190ka), T1면의 형성시기는 MIS 4시기(59-74ka)일 가능성이 높다.