• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1006-1016
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• 2023

Objective: Computed tomography (CT) is an established method for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of multiple myeloma. Here, we investigated the potential of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) in terms of image quality, diagnostic confidence, and radiation dose compared with energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT). Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, patients with known multiple myeloma underwent clinically indicated whole-body PCD-CT. The image quality of PCD-CT was assessed qualitatively by three independent radiologists for overall image quality, edge sharpness, image noise, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence using a 5-point Likert scale (5 = excellent), and quantitatively for signal homogeneity using the coefficient of variation (CV) of Hounsfield Units (HU) values and modulation transfer function (MTF) via the full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the frequency space. The results were compared with those of the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols as controls. Additionally, the radiation dose (CTDIvol) was determined. Results: We enrolled 35 patients with multiple myeloma (mean age 69.8 ± 9.1 years; 18 [51%] males). Qualitative image analysis revealed superior scores (median [interquartile range]) for PCD-CT regarding overall image quality (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), edge sharpness (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), image noise (4.0 [4.0-4.0] vs. 3.0 [3.0-4.0]), lesion conspicuity (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), and diagnostic confidence (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]) compared with EID-CT (P ≤ 0.004). In quantitative image analyses, PCD-CT compared with EID-CT revealed a substantially lower FWHM (2.89 vs. 25.68 cy/pixel) and a significantly more homogeneous signal (mean CV ± standard deviation [SD], 0.99 ± 0.65 vs. 1.66 ± 0.5; P < 0.001) at a significantly lower radiation dose (mean CTDIvol ± SD, 3.33 ± 0.82 vs. 7.19 ± 3.57 mGy; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Whole-body PCD-CT provides significantly higher subjective and objective image quality at significantly reduced radiation doses than the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols, along with readily available multi-spectral data, facilitating the potential for further advanced post-processing.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 1970

Fourteen patients with typhoid fever were studied by scanning and clearance-rate measurements of subcritical dose colloidal radiogold($^{198}Au$). Mild to moderate enlargement of the liver and spleen was noted in 78.6 and 64.3 per cent of patients, respectively; and splenic and spinal bone-marrow uptake was seen in 78.6 and 57.1 per cent of cases, respectively. Typically, these scan changes occurred concomitantly (57.1%) and are considered to represent increased phagocytic activity of the RE cells which is characteristic of typhoid fever. The half clearance-time was significantly shortened during the first 10-day period of the illness indicating an increas in the hepatic blood in the early phase of typhoid infection. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and extrahepatic uptakes along with an accelerated (or later a normal) clearance time are characteristic of typhoid fever.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 1976

Fundamental and specific properties of the tennis ball on rubber ball body are surveyed to match the quality of the tennis ball now on applied in the tennis game, 1. Much dose of filler of non-crystalline or flat form applied to rubber compounding than general procedure and over vulcanization is found excellent in the resistant to gas permeability. 2. Flat curing improved characteristics of the ball on the homogenous rebounds when applied on the specified concrete surface. 3. Satisfactory adhesive power is found with Desmodur R and standard rubber recipe in case of applying on the under-vulcanizate of half sphere. 4. The stable gas-generating compounds of sodiun nitrate, ammonium chloride, water and sodium carbonate, anhydorus help controlling of optimum internal over-pressure in the tall.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.3-5
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• 1997

Properties of a good drug include safety, efficacy, half-life and bioavailability. With the current approach to drug discovery based on receptor-based and cell-based screening methods, compounds are frequently moved into development with poor bioavailability. With low bioavailability, drug administration is typically limited to parenteral routes, thus limiting the potential wide-spread utility of these therapeutic agents. The first and most important factor limiting a drug's bioavailability is the intestinal membrane permeability which in turn determines the maximum fi:action of the dose administered that can be absorbed. We have recently utilized new intubation methods for performing permeability measurements in humans and establishing a fundamental human data base for correlating intestinal jejunal membrane permeabilities with permeabilities determined in other systems, e.g., animals, tissue culture, as well as physical chemical properties.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1123-1126
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• 2004

The bioassay-guided fractionation of protective agents against sepsis-induced lethality from the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa ANDREWS (Ranunculaceae) led to the isolation of eight known compounds: paeonol (1), 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone (2), acetovanillone (3), paeonoside (4), paeoniflorin (5), oxypaeoniflorin (6), apiopaeonoside (7), and methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate (8). Among them, 3 showed the highest survival rate (100% with a dose of 30 mg/kg versus 17% for the control experiment) and reduced alanine aminotransferase level to be a half of the control value on the sepsis model induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.317-321
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• 2011

Children who suffer from steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) require aggressive treatment to achieve remission. When intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone fails, calcineurin inhibitors, such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, are used as the first line of treatment. A significant number of patients with SRNS progress to end-stage renal disease if remission is not achieved. For these children, renal replacement therapy can also be problematic; peritoneal dialysis may be accompanied by significant protein loss through the peritoneal membrane, and kidney allograft transplantation may be complicated by recurrence of SRNS. Plasmapheresis and rituximab were initially used for treatment of recurrent SRNS after transplantation; these are now under consideration as rescue therapies for refractory SRNS. Although the prognosis of SRNS is complicated and unfavorable, intensive treatment in the early stages of the disease may achieve remission in more than half of the patients. Therefore, timely referral of pediatric SRNS patients to pediatric nephrology specialists for histological and genetic diagnosis and treatment is highly recommended.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.319-323
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• 2005

The aim of the present study was to evaluate systemic bioavailability of surfactin and to determine its pharmacokinetic profiles. The stability of surfactin to pH, temperature and protease was evaluated. Surfactin was resistant to high temperature, a wide range of pH and the action of hydrolytic enzymes. The pharmacokinetic natures of surfactin which were shown the short half-life, rapid clearance and poor bioavailability. The results of study should provide preliminary data of surfactin for further dose-finding studies and for the design of application forms. It is also be important to a context of the safety of surfactin.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.276-279
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• 2001

The effect of helminthiasis on zinc metabolism was monitored using endogenous $^{65}Zn$ after intraperitoneal injection of 1 g of $^{65}Zn$ as zinc chloride. In the first experiment zinc turnover was investigated in 18 male weanling rats, which were randomly divided into 3 groups. One group was infected with 73 third stage larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis per gram body weight ; the other groups were the pair-fed and ad lib-fed controls. The route of loss of zinc was investigated in the second experiment with the same design using 18 animals with a lower dose of infection (33 larvae per gram body weight). The biological half life of endogenous $^{65}Zn$ was lower (p<0.05) in the infected group as compared to the controls. In the later phase of infection (9th to 16th day) there was reduced retention of $^{65}Zn$ and increased loss (p<0.05) of $^{65}Zn$ from the body though urine and faeces. It was concluded that infection of N. brasiliensis was accompanied by increased loss of endogenous Zn through faeces and urine.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 1979

The absorption rate of lysino-methylene-ampicillin from the rat small intestine, compared with ampicillin, was determined in vitro and in situ to establish the biopharmaceutical properties of lysino-methylene-ampicillin which is one of the new penicillinase-resistance antibiotics. The half of administered dose was absorbed rapidly within thirty minutes. The water-oil distribution coefficient of lysino-methylene-ampicillin was 0.03 in chloroform versus buffer system with $Na_{2}HPO_{4}-citric$ acid of pH5.2 at $37^{\circ}C$, and its dissolution rate reached the plateau in an hour and then represented 0.6 percent of equilibrium solubility

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.244-251
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• 1993

A novel system has been developed to produce ${\delta}-aminolevulinic$ acid (ALA) using the intact cells of late logarithmic phase of Rhodocyclus gelatinosus KUP-74. The system was shown optimum yield of extracellular ALA under a condition of anaerobic light irradiation (4 Klux) at $30^{\circ}C$ with no variation in cell mass. The rate of extracellular ALA formation was stimulated by low doses of either $C_4\;or\;C_5$ ALA biosynthetic precursors, where 5 mM ($C_4) and 3 mM ($C_5) of each precursors were appeared to generate the maximum rates of 3.3 and 4.0 nmoles of ALA per 0.35 mg cells per hr, respectively. Half-life of the system was 10 hr in a sense of an ability of portage transport of L-glutamate, and sequential dose of this compound was resulted in promising recovery of the ALA.