• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.830-842
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• 2021

When perceiving microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) or plant-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), plants alter their root growth and development by displaying a reduction in the root length and the formation of root hairs and lateral roots. The exogenous application of a MAMP peptide, flg22, was shown to affect root growth by suppressing meristem activity. In addition to MAMPs, the DAMP peptide PEP1 suppresses root growth while also promoting root hair formation. However, the question of whether and how these elicitor peptides affect the development of the vascular system in the root has not been explored. The cellular receptors of PEP1, PEPR1 and PEPR2 are highly expressed in the root vascular system, while the receptors of flg22 (FLS2) and elf18 (EFR) are not. Consistent with the expression patterns of PEP1 receptors, we found that exogenously applied PEP1 has a strong impact on the division of stele cells, leading to a reduction of these cells. We also observed the alteration in the number and organization of cells that differentiate into xylem vessels. These PEP1-mediated developmental changes appear to be linked to the blockage of symplastic connections triggered by PEP1. PEP1 dramatically disrupts the symplastic movement of free green fluorescence protein (GFP) from phloem sieve elements to neighboring cells in the root meristem, leading to the deposition of a high level of callose between cells. Taken together, our first survey of PEP1-mediated vascular tissue development provides new insights into the PEP1 function as a regulator of cellular reprogramming in the Arabidopsis root vascular system.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2023

한국산 며느리밥풀속(Melampyrum L.) 6분류군(M. roseum, M. roseum var. japonicum, M. roseum var. ovalifolium, M. setaceum, M. setaceum var. nakaianum, and M. koreanum)을 대상으로 외부형태학적 형질을 관찰하였다. 조사 결과, 잎의 형태, 포의 형태, 포 가장자리 강모의 분포 위치와 수는 유용한 검색형질로 확인되었으며, 줄기의 횡단면 형태와 털의 분포, 포의 기부 형태, 꽃받침 열편과 정단부 돌기의 형태, 화관의 색과 길이는 유용한 검색형질로 나타났다. 이러한 외부형태학적 형질을 바탕으로 한국산 며느리밥풀속의 검색표를 제시하였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2024

The Ralfsiaceae family, part of the Ralfsiales order and consisting of crustose brown algae, includes five genera: Analipus, Endoplura, Fissipedicella, Heteroralfsia, and Ralfsia. In this study, a novel crustose genus named Ramipedicella gen. nov. is introduced within the Ralfsiaceae based on molecular and morphological analyses. Phylogenetic analyses using both concatenated dataset (rbcL + COI-5P genes) and rbcL indicate that the crustose brown algae that we collected from Korea and Russia form a unique grouping within the Ralfsiaceae. This grouping is strongly supported by both bootstrap analysis and Bayesian posterior probabilities. The genetic differences in the rbcL and COI-5P sequences between Ramipedicella and other genera within Ralfsiaceae range from 6.7 to 9.3% for rbcL and from 15.5 to 20.8% for COI-5P. Ramipedicella is characterized by crustose thalli having new crusts growing on top of old ones with a hypothallial basal layer and erect perithallial filaments, long cells with width-to-length ratio of 1 : 1-16, single chloroplast per cell, plurangia with one to several sterile cells, one to several unangia produced from unicellular stalks or from the lateral-basal region to the paraphyses, and unangia arising sequencially in irregularly branched specialized filaments. Ramipedicella, the recently identified genus, comprises two distinct species. Ramipedicella miniloba, the type species, is distinguished by crusts with small lobes, numerous hair tufts, plurangia terminated by 1-4 sterile cells, and large oblong unangia. Ramipedicella longicellularis is identified by generally smooth crusts, absence of phaeophycean hairs, plurangia terminated by 1-2 apical sterile cells, and smaller mostly oblanceolate unangia.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1999

유묘상태에서 잡종을 판정하기 위해 수령에 따른 잎과 모용(毛茸)의 형태를 조사하였다. 졸참나무, 떡갈나무, 갈참나무에서 잎의 크기는 1년생묘에서 가장 작고, 수령의 증가에 따라서 커지는 경향을 보였다. 잎의 길이, 잎의 넓이, 잎자루 길이, 결각의 수, 결각의 깊이, 형상비, 잎자루 비율에 관하여서도 수령에 따른 차이가 관찰되었다. 이 때문에 1, 2년생의 유령기에 잎의 크기, 형태만으로 종을 판정하기는 어려웠다. 또한 잎 뒷면의 모용(毛茸)의 종류, 형상, 발생 밀도 등은 종에 따라서, 같은 종 중에서도 수령에 따라서 현저하게 차이를 보였다. 졸참나무의 성목은 소형성상모밀생(小型星狀毛密生) 장모소생형(長毛疎生型), 떡갈나무의 성목은 대형성상모밀생(大型星狀毛密生)~소생형(疎生型), 갈참나무의 성목은 소형성상모밀생형(小型星狀毛密生型), 일본 물참나무의 성목은 무모(無毛)~소형성상모산생형(小型星狀毛散生型)으로 성목에서는 모용(毛茸)으로 종의 판정이 가능하였다. 1, 2년생의 묘목에서는 모용(毛茸)의 발생이 좋지 않으며 졸참나무, 떡갈나무에서는 2년생 일부와 3년생에서 모용(毛茸)에 의해 종의 분류가 가능하였지만, 갈참나무 일본 물참나무에서는 유령기에 모용(毛茸)만으로서 종을 판정하기는 곤란하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.137-156
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• 1998

In this study, the researcher studied the historical background, and the traditional culture about dress and ornament of Yunnan Province of China, The results of the study are as follows. 1. Dress and personal ornaments of the Va peoples vary with the locality. Their traditional dress and adornment is characterized by those in the Ximeng area. Men usually wear black or dark blue collarless jackets and black and dark blue loose and short bagged trousers with folding waist. Women usually wear close-fitting sleeveless pullover blouses with V-shaped necks and straight skirts with patterns of red and black cross stripes. 2. Jingpo men have changed to wear shirts with button down the front and trousers. They also entwine white turbans with red bobbles on both ends, and carry diagonally long knives, firelocks and red woolen figured satchels on their shoulders. Women usually wear black velvet blouses with silver bowl-shaped ornaments and chains around collars and on the fronts. They also wear red straight skirts with overlapped slit on the right, waistbands and waist hoops made of rattan and bamboo. 3. The Naxi nationality has a long history and excellent traditional culture. In modern times, women like to wear red, blue or purple laced blouses, long double-layered pleated skirts, waistbands and embroidered shoes. They wear their hair in buns with either hats or kerchiefs over them. While working or going out, they put on their "seven-star" capes made of sheepskin and embroidered with two big circles and seven small ones, while is a symbol of their frog totem. 4. The dress and adorment of the Jinuo people is simple, elegant and has its own unique characteristics. Men usually wear white buttonless shirts with round necks and an opening on the front, knee-length bagged trousers and legging. They wear cloth turbans, earrings and also put small bamboo or silver pipes in the holes of their earlobes. Women wear short buttonless blouses with round necks and seven coloured stripes and thin tight-fitting or embroidered triangular underwear. 5. The dress and ardorment of the Benglong (De' ang) nationality has its own strong national colour. Most of the men wear jackets with buttons arranged diagonally on the front, loose, short trousers and black or white turbans. Some young men like to wear eardrops and silver necklaces. Women's dress and adornment differs according to various branches. For example, the women of the Bielie and Liang branches have their hair shaved and wear black turbans. They use large square silver tablets as buttons and wear blue or black blouses with buttons down the front. 6. Oai men usually wear trousers, white or blue cloth turbans and round-necked shirts with buttons down the front or arranged diagonally on the front. Women usually wear long straight skirt and blouses. But dress and adornment varies in regions. 7. The Bai nationality dress and adornment has unique national style. The dress fabrics are mainly cotton cloth, silk and velvet. Men usually wear red velvet vests over white shirts with buttons down the front or black velvet vests over light blue shirts. They also wear white of blue turbans and carry satchels with beautiful embroidered designs over their shoulders. Women usually wear red velvet vests over white blouses, or black vests over light-coloured blouses.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the low power Helium Neon-Infra Red(HeNe-IR) laser and the special electromagnetic therapeutic apparatus stimulation, which is usually designated as TDP by using the initial of Tending Diancibo Pu which is the Chinese inscribed with English, on wound healing in rat. The seventy-five Sprague-Dawley adult female and male rats were assigned to the experimental and control groups. Each rat was anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and three full-thickness incisions with 12mm length wert made on the back of the half cf the rats and three deep second degree burns were made on the back of the remainder of the rats. From 34 hours after being injured, the rats of the experimental laser group were irradiated with the 157mW electric power HeNe-IR laser for 2 minutes every day and the rats of the experimental TDP group were stimulated with TDP irradiation with the 4km spot distance for 20 minutes every day during the 17 days. The rats were sacrificed and the wound parts of its were incised on the first day, 4th day, 7th day, 10th day and 17th day respectively after the beginning of wound treatment with laser and TDP irradiation. The incised wound parts were processed appropriately for the light microscopic and electron microscopic examination. The length of incised wound was measured with microcaliper before the wound part was incised. There was a significant decrease in the length of the incised wound of the experimental laser and TDP group, compared with that of control group at 4th day, 7th day and 10th day(p<0.01) after surgery. Through the histological examination of the wound site, the more rapid epithelialization and collagen formation in experimental groups were showed, compared with control group. The histological results were analyzed and summarized as the follows; The epidermis begins to be regenerated and the granulation tissue begins to be changed to the mature pattern in the H-E stained incised skin of the laser and TDP treatment group on the 4th day. The epidermis shows the complete regeneration and the granulation tissue in the dermis in mostly to be matured in the laser and TDP treatment group on the 7th day, compared with control group. The chronic inflammatory cells are oberved and the necrosis of the collagen fibers are partially observed in control group on the 10th day. The dermis of the laser and TOP treatment group reveals relatively compactly arranged collgen bundles with the mature collagen fibers on the 10th day. The epidermis and dennis of the laser and TDP group are repaired normally and the hair follicles are well regenerated on the 17th day. The mild edema and the granulation tissue is observed in the dermis of the control groups and the delayed treatment process is observed on the 17th day. The Most of proliferated collagen fibrils are found to be compact and regular in electron micrograph of burn skin of the laser treatment group on the 10th day hut the interstitial eadema and some inflammatory cells are found in the control group. The above results suggest that through the visual and histological examination the epithelized epithelium and the proliferation of the collagen liters in the dermis occur very effectively with the low power laser treatment and the TDP treatment in the incised wound healing and the burn wound healing.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.329-333
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• 2012

'레드스카이(Redsky)' 품종은 2000년에 연한 분홍색 품종인 'Vivaldi' 품종을 모본으로 하고 오렌지색 품종인 'Prato' 품종을 부본으로 교배한 계통에서 선발하였으며 증식 및 양구를 통하여 고농F나-10호로 계통을 명명하였고 2005-2007년까지 대관령에서 여름 시설재배를 통하여 생육 및 개화특성을 검정한 후 '레드스카이(Redsky)'로 명명하였다. '레드스카이(Redsky)' 품종은 꽃에 솜털과 향이 없으며 화색이 오렌지 적색(O-R N30D)이고 꽃잎 내부 중심부에 진한 갈색 반점이 있으며 줄기색은 안토시아닌 색소가 들어 있어 진한 자주색이다. 개화방향은 상향이며 주두색은 갈색이고 꽃가루색도 갈색이다. 개화기는 7월 7일로 빠르고 초장은 97.2cm로 길며, 절화당 꽃 수는 4.9개, 화뢰장은 9.3cm였으며 구중은 34.8g이고 구주는 14.8cm의 특성을 가지고 있다. '레드스카이(Redsky)' 품종은 2010년 6월 국립종자원에 신품종으로 등록(3119호)되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2017

The main objective of this study was to increase the germination percentage of kenaf seeds with less number of times under non-saline and saline conditions. Therefore, the first goal was to assess the response of kenaf seeds to NaCl. The second goal was to evaluate the effects of $KNO_3$ on kenaf seed germination. The germination percentage exhibited a decreasing tendency in germination rate. Plant dry weight was approximately 0.2 g in all treatments at 5 days after germination. As time passed, the electrical conductivity (EC) value of hydro-priming (HP) consistently increased by 8.7 mS/cm at 24 hours of immersion. However, seeds primed with $KNO_3$ showed no difference in EC values even as times passed. Regarding the priming effect, priming in 100 mM $KNO_3$ concentration for 12 hours increased germination up to 85% in $H_20$ solution and in 0 mM $KNO_3$ concentration upto 73.8% under 0.3% NaCl solution, compared to that of Control. Germination synchronization, shoot length, and leaf unfolding of primed seeds were greater than those of the Control. In addition, main root and hair roots appeared more rapidly in the treated seeds and were more abundant compared to that of the Control. The T50 (times to reach 50% of the final germination percentage) of the Control in both $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions was 18 and 22 hours, respectively. However, when treated $KNO_3$ priming (0 to 100 mM) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solution, 9 hours was sufficient to reach T50. Primed (hydro-priming and $KNO_3$) seeds had a lower MDG (mean days untill germination; 0.6-0.62) compared to that of the Control (1.13-1.31) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions. Regarding dry weight of plants after priming, an increasing tendency after the priming treatment in the H20 solution was observed. Furthermore, no significant difference in plant dry weight under 0.3% NaCl stress was observed between the Control and primed seeds. Taken together, the results suggest that 50-100 mM $KNO_3$ priming for 24 hours optimize seed germination rate in less number of times of exposure with great vigor. Therefore, it is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2024

The public can now access movies faster and more easily thanks to over-the-top (OTT) services. The audience may be impacted by period dramas, where accurate costume reproduction is crucial. For filmmakers, it is critical to replicate period costumes using precise historical information. The goal of this study is to act as a reference so that, when it comes to period dramas, viewers can evaluate them using impartial criteria and movie producers can use data based on fact to plan their costumes. The film Napoleon won the British Academy Award for Costume after hiring costume experts to create 95% of the entire costume, according to data from the Napoleon I Museum. Following the French Revolution, the ostentatious and ornate men's attire vanished, to be replaced by a more modest and functional outfit. For tops, vests were cut to waist length, shirts, cravats, and carrick were worn, and tailcoats were the norm. The pants were swapped out for loose-fitting ones. The glitzy hues and embellishments from the bygone era progressively vanished and formed the foundation of the contemporary men's costume, which is dominated by black. The hats worn were tricorn, bicorn, top hat, and bowler, and the hairstyle changed from long to short gradually. The civil class wore short tops called carmagnoles. Napoleon wore a high-collared Napoleon collar and a tailcoat with a bicorn, which became his emblem. Green, navy, and white were the colors of the uniform, and a gray woolen coat was worn outside. The elaborately decorated costumes were worn to court and to banquets; the Napoleonic coronation costume was embellished with gold embroidery on silk, red velvet, and martyred hair; the post-revolutionary costumes gradually became more colorful. In the movie Napoleon, period clothing items were well represented, with the aristocracies wearing dark tailcoats, vests, shirts, and cravats. Based on the data from the men's costume, Napoleon's outfit in the movie was made more similarly. This study's limitation is that not every character in the movie could have their costume examined, and the material matter could not be precisely determined by examining the images displayed on the screen. Given that portraits typically feature a great deal of noble imagery, the clothing worn by common people is also associated with data limitations when it comes to movie costume design.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.303-319
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• 2014

본 연구는 귀화식물인 Solidago altissima, Amaranthus retroflexus, Sida spinosa 등을 이용하여 친환경 농자재로 개발하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수용성 추출액의 농도에 따른 수용체 식물의 발아 및 유식물 생장과 실험 병원균의 생장을 조사하였다. 공여체식물에 따른 수용성 추출액 농도가 증가됨에 따라 대부분 검정식물의 상대발아율은 감소하는 경향을 보이는데 S. spinosa(r=-0.540, p<0.01), Physalis wrightii(r=-0.693, p<0.01), A. retroflexus(r=-0.724, p<0.01), S. altissima(r=-0.728, p<0.01), Eclipta prostrata(r=-0.779, p<0.01) 순으로 감소하는 경향이 큰 것으로 조사되었고 평균발아일수도 처리구 농도가 증가함에 따라 발아하는데 소요되는 시간이 증가 되었으며(r=0.769, p<0.01) 공여체식물과 검정식물에 따라 약간의 정도 차이를 보였다. 또한 공여체식물의 수용성 추출액 농도가 증가함에 따라 유식물의 지상부의 길이(r=-0.587, p<0.01), 지하부의 길이(r=-0.741, p<0.01), 생체량(r=-0.574, p<0.01)과 뿌리털의 발생도 감소하였다. 한편 공여체식물의 수용성추출액 농도 증가에 따른 검정 병원균의 생장은 Botrytis cinerea(r=-0.266, p<0.05), Diaporthe citri(r=-0.323 p<0.01), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(r=-0.512, p<0.01), Pythium ultimum(r=-0.581, p<0.01), Rhizoctonia solani(r=-0.806, p<0.01) 순으로 생장이 억제되었다. 제초 및 항균활성을 보이는 수용체식물의 총 페놀 함량은 S. altissima $17.3{\pm}0.5mg/g$, A. retroflexus $13.1{\pm}0.3mg/g$, P. wrightii $12.0{\pm}0.4mg/g$, S. spinosa $9.5{\pm}0.1mg/g$, E. prostrata $4.1{\pm}0.1mg/g$ 순으로 분석되었다. 이들 결과를 종합하면 귀화식물인 수용체식물들은 자생식물과의 경쟁을 함에 있어 알레로패시 효과를 나타내는 페놀 화합물 등이 수관 내 토양으로 방출하여 하부식생에 대한 발아 및 생장과 토양미생물 생장 등에 영향을 주기 때문에 경쟁적 우위를 점하고 있으며, 천연제초제 살균제로서의 활용 가능성을 가지고 있는 것으로 판단된다.