• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.219-222
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• 2005

Some structural characteristics of hot-water soluble and insoluble starches (waxy black rice starch) were investigated. The hot-water soluble material content of waxy black rice starch was higher (16.6%) than that (13.4%) of Shinsunchalbyeo starch heated at 98$^{\circ}C$ for 8 min. The Amax and absorbance at 625 nm for hot-water soluble and insoluble material of waxy black rice starch were lower than those of Shinsunchalbyeo. Elution patterns of hot water soluble and insoluble materials by gel permeation chromatography (Sepharose CL-2B) were similar in both samples.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.247-260
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• 2021

Objectives: To review research trends in the treatment of epilepsy with Traditional Korean Medicine. Methods: Thirteen studies were selected by searching OASIS, RISS, SIENCEON, KISS, KoreaMed, and KMBASE from 2000.01.01 to 2021.08.28. Results: Studies were analyzed by year, format, publication site, age of patient, treatment method, follow-up study, herbal treatment, acupuncture, and limitations. Analysis confirmed that oriental medical treatment was sufficiently effective in relieving symptoms of epilepsy. Conclusions: Acupuncture and herbal medicine could be considered to relieve symptoms of epilepsy. However, due to some limitations in those studies, more in-depth and broader research is needed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated in vitro immunostimulatory activity of fruit extracts from Pyrus ussuriensis var. hakunensis (Nakai) T.B. Lee (PUF) using mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. PUF increased the production of immunostimulatory factors such as NO, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and phagocytic activity in RAW264.7 cells. The inhibition of TLR2 and TLR4 blocked PUF-mediated production of immunostimulatory factors in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the inhibition of MAPKs signaling pathway reduced PUF-mediated production of immunostimulatory factors. From these results, PUF may have immunostimulatory activity via TLR2/4-mediated activation of MAPKs signaling pathway. Therefore, PUF expected to be used as a potential immune-enhancing agent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.697-703
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• 2022

Under the COVID-19 pandemic, interest in immune enhancement is increasing. Although the immune-enhancing activity of plants of the genus Hibiscus has been reported, there is no study on the immune-enhancing activity of H. syriacus. Thus, in this study, we investigated the immune-enhancing activity of Hibiscus syriacus leaves (HSL) in mouse macrophages, RAW264.7 cells, and immunosuppressed mice. HSL increased the production of immunostimulatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and activated the phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells. The HSL-mediated production of immunostimulatory factors was dependent on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in RAW264.7 cells. In the immunosuppressed mouse model, HSL increased the spleen index, the levels of the cytokines, and the numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. Taken together, HSL may be considered to have immune-enhancing activity and be expected to be used as a potential immune-enhancing agent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.541-548
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• 2023

In the present study, the effects of HML on lipolysis, adipocyte browning, autophagy, and proliferation were investigated. HML affected lipolysis by increasing the protein levels of ATGL and HSL, and phosphorylation levels of HSL and AMPK. Furthermore, HSL decreased the perilipin-1 levels. In addition, free glycerol content was increased by HML treatment. HML affected adipocyte browning by increasing the protein levels of UCP-1, PGC-1α, and PRDM16. In addition, HML affected autophagy by increasing the levels of LC3-I and LC3-II, and decreasing those of SQSTM1/p62. Moreover, HML affected adipocyte proliferation by suppressing the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells due to arrest of the cell cycle via blocking the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1. These results suggest that HML induces lipolysis, adipocyte browning, autophagy, and inhibits excessive proliferation of adipocytes.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.26-36
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• 2018

Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) is a mixture of various oil substances composed of alkane, alkene, cycloalkane, and aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, etc.). In this study, we investigated 92 groundwater wells around 36 gas stations to evaluate distribution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons. Groundwater in the wells was sampled and monitored twice a year. The fraction analysis method of TPH was developed based on TNRCC 1006. The test results indicated aliphatic and aromatic fractions accounted for 28.6 and 73.8%, respectively. The detection frequencies of TPH in the monitoring wells ranged in 21.6 - 24.2%. The average concentration of TPH was 0.11 mg/L with the concentration range of 0.25~0.99 mg/L. In the result of TPH fraction analysis, in aliphatic fractions were 19% (C6-C8 : 0.2%, C8-C10 : 0.4%, C10-C12 : 0.4%, C12-C16 : 0.5%, C16-C22 : 1.0%, C22-C36 : 16.6%), and aromatic fractions were 81% (C6-C8 : 1.1%, C8-C10 : 0%, C10-C12 : 2.9%, C12-C16 : 0.3%, C16-C22 : 4%, C22-C36 : 66.8%). Fractions of C22-C36 were detected in about 83% of the monitoring wells, suggesting non-degradable characteristics of hydrocarbons with high carbon content.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2009

The documentary characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion recorded in Dusagyeong(杜思敬)'s".Jesaengbalsu(濟生拔粹)" can be summarized into 3 major parts: 1. "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop(潔古雲岐鍼法)" and "Dutaesachimbeop(竇太師鍼法)" 1) "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" was edited by Dusagyeong of the Won dynasty, and was recorded in "Jesaengbalsu". Du was influenced by his teacher Heohyeong(許衡) and followed Janggyeolgo(張潔古) and his son Jangbyeok(張璧), and collected his work "Chimgu-pyeon(鍼灸篇)" for Jang and named it "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop", and took the content from the medical book of Jang and his student Wang-haejang(王海藏). (2) "Jesaengbalsu"'s original edition exists today. The "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" listed in "Jesaengbalsu"'s index contain two collections, the first collection being "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" and the second collection being "Dutaesachimbeop(竇太師鍼法)" (3) Gyeolgo(潔古)、Un-gija(雲岐子)'s acupuncture methods can be seen in Un-gija "Bomyeongjipryuyo(保命集類要)" and Wanghaejang "Chasananji(此事難知)". (4) The related acupuncture methods are 'Non-gyeong-rak-yeongsubosabeop(論經絡迎隨補瀉法)', 'Gyeong-rakchwiwonbeop(經絡取原法)', 'Jeopgyeongbeop(接經法)', and 'Sang-hanyeolbyeongjabeop(傷寒熱病刺法)' (5) Du's edition of the entire text of 'Gyeolgojajetongbeop(潔古刺諸痛法)' 'Jasimtongjehyeol(刺心痛諸穴)' and the first half of 'Jeopgyeongbeop(接經法)' is all recorded in "Somunbyeonggigi-uibomyeongjip(素問病機氣宜保命集)". The existing "Somunbyeonggigi-uibomyeongjip" is a combination of the unfinished posthumous work of Yuwanso(劉完素), "Gi-ui(氣宜)" and "Byeonggi(病機)" with works such as Jangwonso(張元素)'s '"Bomyeongseo(保命書)"'. (6) Of the titles "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" and "Dutaesachimbeop", the 14$\sim$19th chapters "Dutaesachimbeop" should be concentrated at the end of the chapter, and the 16th chapter that Du added was put after chapter 14 "Yujujiyobu(流注指要賦)", and chapters 20, 21 should be put in "Gyeolgoungichimbeop" after chapter 13. 2. "Chimgyeongjeok-yeongjip(鍼經摘英集)" (1) "Chimgyeongjeok-yeongjip" is a collection of the acupuncture and moxibustion contents of medical books from the Geum and Won dynasties that Dusagyeong collected and organized during the Won dynasty, which is consisted of 5 chapters : "Guchimshik(九鍼式)", "Jeolyangchwisuhyeolbeop(折量取腧穴法)", "Bosabeop(補瀉法)", "Yongchimhoheupbeop(用鍼呼吸法)", "Chibyeongjik-ralgyeol(治病直剌訣)". (2) First, the contents. The nine acupuncture needles[九鍼] listed in "Guchimshik(九鍼式)" is the first existing document recording to systematically illustrate the 'nine classical needles' in drawing and text form which reflects the forms of the needles of the era. Second, "Jeolyangchwisuhyeolbeop(折量取腧穴法)" has the same basic way of measuring points [量穴法] as Wang-yuil's "Dong-insuhyeolchimgudo-gyeong(銅人腧穴鍼灸圖經)" and the same point selection rules as "Jeonyeongbang(全嬰方)". Third, in "Bosabeop(補瀉法)", "Somun(素問)" and Janggyeolgo's "Yeongsubosabeop(迎隨補瀉法)" is put together. Fourth, in "Yongchimhoheupbeop(用鍼呼吸法)", the cold and heat supplementation and draining [寒熱補瀉] method that combines breathing with inner and outer rotation[外 內撚] is recorded. Fifth, "Chi-byeongjik-ralgyeol(治病直剌訣)" is the main part of "Chimgyeongjeok-yeongjip(鍼經摘英集)" listing 69 acupuncture treatments reflecting Du's scholastic ideas on aspects such as syndrome differentiation[辨證], needling method and type of needle[鍼具]. (3) The content of this book was quoted by "Bojebang Chimgumun(普濟方 鍼灸門)" and when Gomu compiled "Chimguchwiyeong", he put the acupuncture treatments for the main indications of the disease patterns[鍼方主治病證] of this book in the related main indications of acupuncture points[腧穴主治證], which influenced books on acupuncture points there after. 3. "Chimgyeongjeolyo(鍼經節要)" (1) Consists of 1 volume. The original title of this book is "Dong-insuhyeolchimgudo-gyeong (銅人腧穴鍼灸圖經)" and the author is Wang-yuil of the Northern Song dynasty, written in the 4th year of the Cheonseong(天聖) era of the Song dynasty(1026). (2) Dusagyeong selected the contents on pathology of the 12 meridians in volume one and two, the introduction and five transport points[五輸穴] in volume 5 of "Dong-indo-gyeong(銅人圖經)" and named it "Chimgyeongjeolyo." During the Won dynasty it was recorded in "Jesaengbalsu".

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.139-149
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• 2010

This study aimed was done to analyze recent trends in nursing research published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing by focusing on the content of nursing interventions and their level of evidence. Methods: A total of 209 studies published between 2007 and 2008 were reviewed using analysis criteria developed by the researchers. Results: The number of quantitative studies was greater than that of qualitative studies. There was a slight increase in the number of qualitative studies and studies including elderly populations, which reflects the recent population trend in Korea. More randomized controlled trials with a low risk of bias were needed to support more evidence-based nursing practice. Concerning the low rate of ethical consideration, stricter application of research ethics needs to be encouraged. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest the recent trends in nursing research and the direction of nursing research and review in the Journal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2005

This study was investigated to examine gelatinization properties of waxy black rice starches. X-ray diffraction patterns in raw starches showed traditional A type of cereals. The crystalline regions of both black rice and Shinsunchalbyeo starches disappeared when temperature increased to $65^{\circ}C$ where the crystalline regions of two starches changed to amorphous ones. Scanning Electron Microscope showed that granule type of Shinsunchalbyeo starch was more collapsed compared to that of black rice starch heated at 6$0^{\circ}C$. Gelatinization in both samples completed when samples were heated at 63$^{\circ}C$. The results by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed that gelatinization patterns were similar in both samples. In Rapid Visco Analyzer examination, there was no difference in peak viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity and setback between Shinsunchalbyeo and waxy black rice starches.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2005

This study seeks to classify the skin types and determined the relation between the dietary habit and preference of foods targeting college women in Daegu and Gyeong-Buk Province. Skin types of the subjects were 31% of combination skin, 25% of dry skin and 22% of normal, oily skin. College women mostly had two meals a day, and those who had less frequent meals developed more combination skin. Many of them did not exercise, and women with normal skin who did not exercise showed the lowest at 13.9%, supporting the significance (p<.05). It was exposed that don't have breakfast and have irregular meal and don't have easy meal in all skin types. Instant foods was exposed that ingested the most in dry skin and the least in oily skin, supporting the significance(p<.05) and fruit or vegetable ingested much in dry skin. It was exposed that considered atmosphere at meal and meal helps in health in all skin types, normal skin type considered balanced diets the most and supporting the significance(p<.01) Food preference in all skin types showed the strongest in drinks and showed strong in greenish yellow vegetables, fruits, confectioneries, drinks, milk and dairy goods. On the other hand, it showed low in nuts and salted fishes. In sum, regular and balanced meals give the skin a healthy status, and intake of protein, vitamins and minerals has impact on the skin status. Thus, sufficient quality nutrition is crucial in staying a healthy skin.