• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2024

This study aims to assess the efficacies of exogenous enzymes, derived from invertebrate gut-associated microbes, as feed additives, in reducing volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions using an in vitro pig intestine continuous fermentation system. An in vitro continuous fermentation model was used to simulate a comparable bionic digestion system by co-reacting feed, enzymatic additives (arazyme, mannanase, and xylanase, derived from the gut bacteria of Nephila clavata, Eisenia fetida, and Moechotypa diphysis, respectively), and gastrointestinal microbes, followed by an analysis of their correlations. A significant correlation was observed between exogenous enzyme supplementation and reduced VOC emissions in the fecal phase of continuous fermentation (p < 0.05). The concentration of VOCs decreased by 3.75 and 2.75 ppm in the treatment group following arazyme and multi-enzyme supplementation, respectively, compared to that in the control group (7.83 ppm). In addition, supplementation with arazyme and multiple enzymes significantly affected the microbial composition of each fermentation phase (p < 0.05). In particular, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus, which changed in abundance according to arazyme or multi-enzyme supplementation, exhibited a positive relationship with VOC emissions. These results suggest that exogenous enzymes derived from invertebrate gut-associated bacteria can be efficiently applied as feed additives, leading to a reduction in VOC emissions.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 남극 로스해 연안에 서식하는 아델리펭귄(Pygoscelis adeliae)과 황제펭귄(Aptenodytes forsteri)의 분변 시료를 기반으로 펭귄 장내 미생물 메타지놈 연구를 수행하였다. Taxonomy 분석 결과, 아델리펭귄과 황제펭귄의 장내 미생물에는 주로 7개의 문(phylum), 18개의 과(family)가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 미생물 다양성을 평가하기 위해 Alpha diversity 및 OTU abundance 분석을 수행한 결과, 전반적으로 아델리펭귄의 장내 미생물 다양성이 황제펭귄보다 높은 것을 확인하였고, PCoA를 기반으로 한 Beta diversity 분석을 통해 두 개체군 간 장내 미생물 군집에 차이가 존재함을 확인하였다. PICRUSt를 활용한 기능적인 차원의 KEGG pathway 분석을 통해서는 아델리펭귄과 황제펭귄 시료에서 nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis pathway가 가장 많이 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 남극 아델리펭귄과 황제펭귄의 장내미생물 구성과 다양성을 비교분석 할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 펭귄의 먹이 섭식 관련 연구에 활용될 수 있으며, 더 나아가 다양한 남극 생물의 장내미생물 메타지놈 분석에 대한 기초가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.575-583
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• 2021

Composition of the gut microbiota changes with aging and plays an important role in age-associated disease such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The gut microbiota composition oscillates through the day, and the disruption of their diurnal rhythm results in gut dysbiosis leading to metabolic and immune dysfunctions. It is well documented that circadian rhythm changes with age in several biological functions such as sleep, body temperature, and hormone secretion. However, it is not defined whether the diurnal pattern of gut microbial composition is affected by aging. To evaluate aging effects on the diurnal pattern of the gut microbiome, we evaluated the taxa profiles of cecal contents obtained from young and aged mice of both sexes at daytime and nighttime points by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At the phylum level, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria were increased in aged male mice at night compared with that of young male mice. Meanwhile, the relative abundances of Sutterellaceae, Alloprevotella, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, and Parasutterella increased in aged female mice at night compared with that of young female mice. The Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group relative abundance increased in aged mice of both sexes but at opposite time points. These results showed the changes in diurnal patterns of gut microbial composition with aging, which varied depending on the sex of the host. We suggest that disturbed diurnal patterns of the gut microbiome can be a factor for the underlying mechanism of age-associated gut dysbiosis.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2019

In the past gut microbiome has been the main focus of microbiome research. Studies about the microbiome inside oral cavities and other organs are underway. Studies about the relationship between noninfectious diseases and periodontal diseases, and the negative effects of harmful oral microbes on systemic health have been published in the recent past. A lot of attention is being paid towards fostering a healthy oral microbial ecosystem. This study aimed to understand the roles and effects of the microbiome inside the human body can potentially help cure various diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases with no known cure such as Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, obesity, cancer, diabetes, brain diseases and oral diseases. The present study examined technological trends in the correlation between the human microbiome and diseases in the human body, interactions between the human body's immunity, the metabolic system, and the microbiome, and research trends in other countries. While it has been proven that human microbiome is closely correlated with human diseases, most studies are still in the early stage of trying to compare the composition of microbiomes between health and patient groups. Since the oral environment is a dynamic environment that changes due to not only food intake but also other external factors such as lifestyle, hygiene, and drug intake, it is necessary to continue in-depth research on the microbiome composition characteristics to understand the complex functions of oral microorganisms. Analyzing the oral microbiome using computational technology may aid in disease diagnosis and prevention.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2015

지구상에는 2000종 이상의 광물이 존재하고 있으며 환경, 건축, 축산, 화학, 의약 등의 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있다. 그 중 점토광물은 흡착과 방출을 통해 물리 화학적인 성질이 변할 수 있는 특징이 있다. 국내 비금속 광물자원의 매장량은 약 96억 톤으로 그 자원 효용이 높은데 반해 고부가가치화를 이루지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 벤토나이트와 제올라이트를 이용한 제품들이 화장품과 생활용품, 포장재 등에 일부 사용되고 있지만 잠재적인 가치 측면에서 무한한 가능성을 지닌 식품산업에 활용된 사례는 사실상 전무하다. 광물자원에 대한 식품/약용으로의 섭취기록은 이미 오래 전부터 문헌상으로 존재하고 있으며, 국내 매장량이 높은 자원임을 감안할 때 식품 소재로서의 활용가치는 상당하리라 생각된다. 점토광물의 특허 동향 조사를 통해 미국, 유럽을 비롯한 세계 각국이 기업체를 중심으로 광물자원을 식품산업에 적용하기 위한 기술을 개발 중이며, 관련 산업이 성장시기에 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 국내외 광물자원 관련 식품산업분야 특허 동향과 광물자원의 식품산업분야 이용 및 규제 현황에 관한 정보를 제공하고, 이를 바탕으로 향후 광물자원을 식품분야에 어떻게 활용할 지에 대한 적용 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1067-1071
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• 2020

To understand the formation of initial gut microbiota, three initial fecal samples were collected from two groups of two breast milk-fed (BM1) and seven formula milk-fed (FM1) infants, and the compositional changes in gut microbiota were determined using metagenomics. Compositional change analysis during week one showed that Bifidobacterium increased from the first to the third fecal samples in the BM1 group (1.3% to 35.1%), while Klebsiella and Serratia were detected in the third fecal sample of the FM1 group (4.4% and 34.2%, respectively), suggesting the beneficial effect of breast milk intake. To further understand the compositional changes during progression from infancy to childhood (i.e., from three weeks to five years of age), additional fecal samples were collected from four groups of two breast milk-fed infants (BM2), one formula milk-fed toddler (FM2), three weaning food-fed toddlers (WF), and three solid food-fed children (SF). Subsequent compositional change analysis and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed that the composition of the gut microbiota changed from an infant-like composition to an adult-like one in conjunction with dietary changes. Interestingly, overall gut microbiota composition analyses during the period of progression from infancy to childhood suggested increasing complexity of gut microbiota as well as emergence of a new species of bacteria capable of digesting complex carbohydrates in WF and SF groups, substantiating that diet type is a key factor in determining the composition of gut microbiota. Consequently, this study may be useful as a guide to understanding the development of initial gut microbiota based on diet.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2019

NGS 기술이 발전함에 따라 우리 몸의 생리와 면역조절에 있어서 장내미생물의 중요성이 알려지면서부터 장내미생물군집의 구조를 직접 조절할 수 있는 프로바이오틱스의 중요성 역시 재조명 받고 있다. 인류는 프로바이오틱스를 오랫동안 발효식품 등을 통하여 섭취하였는데, 프로바이오틱스는 식품의 보존성 및 영양성을 높일 뿐 아니라 인체의 건강에 이로운 역할을 한다. 특히 프로바이오틱스의 섭취는 생체 내에서 Treg의 기능을 활성화하여 장내 환경을 개선시켜 유익한 장내미생물의 생육을 도우며, 염증반응, 알러지질환, 자가면역질환 등을 완화시키는 효과가 있다. 특히 프로바이오틱스는 장내 유익균인 Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia 및 Bacteroides 속 미생물의 빈도를 증가시키고, 이들은 단쇄지방산 및 신체에 이로운 대사체 등을 생산한다. 지금까지 프로바이오틱스는 대부분 건강기능식품으로 사용되어 왔으나, 최근 들어 장내 유익균에 대한 기능성이 알려지면서 기존 프로바이오틱스를 포함한 장내 미생물을 이용한 NGPs 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만 NGPs 개발에는 여전히 한계가 존재한다. 아직까지 장내 미생물의 분리, 동정은 일반 세균 배양에 비해 매우 까다롭고, 특별한 배양 기술이 필요하므로 현재까지 NGPs로 활용될 수 있는 장내 미생물은 매우 제한적이다. 또한 기존 프로바이오틱스와는 다르게 NGPs는 의약품처럼 전임상, 독성시험, 약물역학, 3단계의 임상시험을 거쳐야 한다. 하지만 기존 프로바이오틱스의 질병 개선 효과를 뛰어넘어 고형암, 대사질환 및 면역질환의 차세대 치료제로서의 활용 가능성이 매우 높기 때문에 앞으로 더 폭넓은 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.341-360
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• 2023

Background : To investigate the effect of Hwanggeumjackyak-tang (HJT) on Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis. Methods : The experimental animals were divided into three groups; group 1, normal group(Normal); group 2, DSS-induced colitis and untreated group(UT+DSS); group 3, DSS-induced colitis and HJT 200 mg-treated group(HJT200+DSS). We evaluated cytotoxicity after HJT administration and confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect by histological changes in the intestine and genetic analysis of mucosal cells after HJT administration for each group. In addition, microbiological weapons and metabolites in faeces were examined, and the correlation between gut microbiome and metabolites was also investigated. Result : HJT was not observed to be cytotoxic, even at relatively high concentrations, and was effective in protecting the barrier and preventing intestinal inflammation by suppressing the increase in mucus secretion and the expression of inflammatory factors in mucosal cells. HJT treatment affected the increase in the amount and diversity of the gut microbiome in faeces and the increase in metabolites thought to be involved in alleviating inflammation in the gut. Conclusion : This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of HJT in ulcerative colitis. Further studies should be carried out to confirm our findings.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.80-91
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• 2014

식품분야는 기술의 발전속도가 비교적 빠르지 않으나 적용범위가 광범위하므로 정량적인 분석 방법을 도입하여 연구트렌드를 분석함으로써 연구테마 및 아이템을 발굴하는데 시사점을 제공 할 수 있다. 미국 NIH에서는 인체 미생물체의 메타지노믹스 연구를 시작하는 등 선진국을 중심으로 제2의 휴먼지놈프로젝트라고 불리는 장내미생물 균총에 대한 연구결과가 속속 제시되고 있다. 이런 측면에서 human microbiome 연구동향을 분석하여 식품 관련연구에 활용하기 위해 특허와 논문의 서지정보를 활용하여 정량적인 분석을 시도하였다. 분석대상은 1992년 이후로 2011년 말까지 전세계에 출원된 human microbiome 관련 특허와 논문을 대상으로 하였고, 분석프로그램은 Thomson Reuters에서 제공하는 Thomson Innovation을 사용하였다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2024

Stunting, a condition characterized by impaired growth and development in children, remains a major public health concern worldwide. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has shed light on the potential role of gut microbiota modulation in stunting. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked to impaired nutrient absorption, chronic inflammation, altered short-chain fatty acid production, and perturbed hormonal and signaling pathways, all of which may hinder optimal growth in children. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of existing research exploring the bidirectional relationship between stunting and the gut microbiota. Although stunting can alter the gut microbial community, microbiota dysbiosis may exacerbate it, forming a vicious cycle that sustains the condition. The need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota to combat stunting is also discussed. Nutritional interventions, probiotics, and prebiotics are among the most promising approaches to modulate the gut microbiota and potentially ameliorate stunting outcomes. Ultimately, a better understanding of the gut microbiota-stunting nexus is vital for guiding evidence-based interventions that can improve the growth and development trajectory of children worldwide, making substantial strides toward reducing the burden of stunting in vulnerable populations.