• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.181-191
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing globally, and excessive added sugar consumption has been identified as one of the contributing factors. In the context of IBD, it is essential to explore functional sweeteners that can improve metabolic health and minimize the risk of IBD-related symptoms. This review article aims to shed light on the effects of natural mono- and di-saccharides as alternative sweeteners, specifically focusing on potential benefits for IBD. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases with articles published after the year 2000. The search terms 'IBD', 'added sugar', 'sweeteners', 'mono-saccharide', and 'di-saccharide' were combined to retrieve relevant articles. A total of 21 manuscripts, aligning with the objectives of the study, were selected. Papers focusing on artificial or high-intensity sweeteners were excluded to ensure relevant literature selection. Results: Multiple studies have emphasized the association between the high consumption of added sugars such as simple sugars and the increased risk of developing IBD. This is suggested to be attributed to the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine productions and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Consequently, there is a growing demand for safe and functional sweeteners, in particular mono- and di-saccharides, that can serve as alternatives for IBD patients. Those functional sweeteners regulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and Intestinal barrier protection, and restore microbiome profiles in various IBD models including cells, animals, and humans. Conclusions: Understanding these mechanisms resolves the link between how sugar consumption and IBD, and highlights the beneficial effects of natural alternative sweeteners on IBD when they were administered by itself or as a replacement for simple sugar. Further, exploration of this relationship leads us to recognize the necessity of natural alternative sweeteners in dietary planning. This knowledge could potentially lead to more effective dietary strategies for individuals with IBD.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.595-602
• /
• 2021

사람의 장내 미생물은 숙주의 대사 조절에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 장내 미생물 균총의 불균형은 비만, 대사 증후군과 밀접하게 병리학적, 생리학적 상호작용을 한다. A. muciniphila는 최근 인간의 대변에서 분리되었으며, 장내 미생물의 약 1-4%를 차지하는 우점균이다. A. muciniphila 유래 외막(external membran) 단백질 Amuc_1100과 세포외 소포(EVs)의 이용은 비만치료를 위한 새로운 전략이 될 수 있다. A. muciniphila는 비만과 같은 대사 장애치료를 위한 차세대 probiotics로 고려되고 있다. F. prausnitzii는 next-generation probiotic로서 건강한 성인의 경우 장내미생물 균총의 약 5%를 차지하며 성인 장 건강의 지표이다. F. prausnitzii는 butyrate-producing bacterium로서 항염증 효과를 나타내며, 면역 질환과 당뇨병 치료를 위한 next-generation probiotics로 기대된다. Postbiotics는 probiotics에 의해 분비되는 세포 상층액에 포함된 대사산물의 복잡한 혼합물이다. 반면, parabiotics는 probiotics를 불활성화 시킨 미생물 세포이다. Paraprobiotics와 postbiotics는 probiotics에 비해 명확한 화학구조(clear chemical structures)와 안전한 투여 용량(safety dose parameters), 장기간의 유통 기간(longer shelf life) 등 많은 장점을 가지고 있어서 probiotics를 대체할 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 장 생태계의 불균형을 정상적으로 복원하기 위해서 장내 공생 박테리아(commensal bacteria) 중 next-generation probiotics (NGPs)를 사용하는 것이 가장 자연스런 방법이다. 따라서 next-generation probiotics 를 대상으로 parabiotics와 postbiotics와 같은 새로운 식품이나 약품으로 개발하는 것이 필요하다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.25.1-25.16
• /
• 2021

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease whose development is shaped by a variety of environmental and genetic factors. While several recent studies suggest that microbial dysbiosis in the gut may promote asthma, little is known about the relationship between the recently discovered lung microbiome and asthma. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have also been shown recently to participate in asthma. To investigate the relationship between the lung microbiome, ILCs, and asthma, we recruited 23 healthy controls (HC), 42 patients with non-severe asthma, and 32 patients with severe asthma. Flow cytometry analysis showed severe asthma associated with fewer natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR)⁺ILC3s in the lung. Similar changes in other ILC subsets, macrophages, and monocytes were not observed. The asthma patients did not differ from the HC in terms of the alpha and beta-diversity of the lung and gut microbiomes. However, lung function correlated positively with both NCR⁺ILC3 frequencies and microbial diversity in the lung. Sputum NCR⁺ILC3 frequencies correlated positively with lung microbiome diversity in the HC, but this relationship was inversed in severe asthma. Together, these data suggest that airway NCR⁺ILC3s may contribute to a healthy commensal diversity and normal lung function.