• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.40-48
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate 6th grade pupil's thoughts during classification activities. Two suitable tools in classification activity achievement were developed to achieve this purpose. The first was an artificial stimulus card in which the attribute was prominent; and the other a natural stimulus card in which the attribute was less prominent. Participants of the study were 8 6th grade pupils from D elementary school in Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul. Data were collected from interviews with the pupils, the pupil's recordings of classification, the investigator's observation of pupil's actions, and video recordings of the pupil's subject classification process. Results found in this study were as following. First, when doing classification 6th grade pupils considered attribute observation, attribute estimation, preliminary inspection, criteria selection, and sample identification. Second, 6th grade pupil classification thought process was found to be repetitive, passing through the steps of attribute observation, attribute estimation, preliminary inspection, criteria selection, and lastly, sample identification. Third, 6th grade pupils took advantage of cognitive economic efficiency. Study findings also revealed guidance for the teaching and learning of scientific classification. First, once teachers understand the classification thought process of students, more effective classification guidance will be possible. Second, it is necessary that guidance fit each step of the classification thought process.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to research the effects on resistance CKC & OCK exercise method on lower limb muscle activity, in chronic stroke patients. Method : In this study, 18 patients with stroke caused by hemorrhage or infarction were participated. resistance exercise method was conducted in tow different group : one is a close kinetic chain exercise(CKC) group and the other is an open kinetic chain exercise(OKC) group. CKC with physical therapy was applied to 9 patients, and OKC with physical therapy was applied to 9 patients. Under the researcher's guidance, exercise for CKC and OKC group carried out 3 times a week for 30 minutes during 4weeks. Result : There was significantly different for the vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle activity within the intervention period both group. The vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle activity was significantly increased within the CKC group. The vastus leteralis and tibialis anterior muscle activity was significantly increased within the OKC group. Conclusion : It was confirmed in this study that the CKC exercise was more effective than OKC exercise in improving lower limb muscle activity of chronic stroke patients. This study seggested that CKC may be suitable for individuals with a chronic stroke. furthermore study should be made a lot of researches regarding in other method and varying conditions for many hemiplegic patients.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.275-286
• /
• 2003

The purposes of this study were to identify the relationship between children's personality traits and self-esteem, and to find out if there were any differences in the relationship patterns in terms of children's sex. The questionnaire were collected from 984 subjects in 5th grade of elementary schools located in cities of Seoul, Suwon, Daejeon, and Daegu. Results showed that personality factors such as stability, sociability, responsibility, and superiority had stronger correlations with self-esteem factors whereas masculinity, activity level, and reflectivity did so to a less degree. Children's personality factors such as superiority, sociability and responsibility were better predictors of their self-esteem factors such as scholastic competence, social acceptance and general self-worth. Girls showed higher level of stability, sociability, responsibility and superiority, however there was no sex difference in the self-esteem such as scholastic competence, social acceptance and general self-worth. Children's behavioral conduct were mainly explained by masculinity, activity level, and responsibility. Responsibility turned out to be the strongest predictor of behavioral conduct among boys, while the activity level did among girls.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.123-142
• /
• 1990

The aim of this study is to apply lesson design of high school home economics to model which consists of six steps of instructional procedure among various models for instructional design, Through thesis, central content of each step was written as follows; 1) At the step of establishment of terminal instructional objectives, educational objectives, terminal instructional objectives was analyzed and specific instructional objectives was extracted. 3) At the step of diagnosis of entering behavior, ability of prior learning and ability of preliminary learning were evaluated, which was used as establishing instructional strategy and doing individual guidance. 4)At the step of determining instructional strategy, instructional strategy should be extracted by considering instructional event which is adequate to content of instruction. Instructional strategy consists of five main factor, factors, those are, activity of introduction of instruction, presentation of content of instruction and information, participation of learner and learning activity, identification of learning result, and subsequent treatment after evaluation. 5)Specific activity at the step of selection and development of instructional media consists of reidentification of instructional objectives determination of learning type, drawing up instructional media analysis sheet, synthesis of selected media, and explanatory note of selected media. In order to increase efficiency of instruction at the step of determining instructional strategy, this step should be considered simultaneously. 6)The step of try-out and evaluation of instructional design should be efficient when designed instruction was inputted at class after evaluation of each step of instructional design.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.278-282
• /
• 2014

Due to high ionic conductivity and favorable oxygen electrocatalysis, doped $Bi_2O_3$ systems are promising candidates as solid oxide fuel cell cathode materials. Recently, several researchers reported reasonably low cathode polarization resistance by adding electronically conducting materials such as (La,Sr)$MnO_3$ (LSM) or Ag to doped $Bi_2O_3$ compositions. Despite extensive research efforts toward maximizing cathode performance, however, the inherent catalytic activity and electrochemical reaction pathways of these promising materials remain largely unknown. Here, we prepare a symmetrical structure with identically sized $Y_{0.5}Bi_{1.5}O_3$/LSM composite electrodes on both sides of a YSZ electrolyte substrate. AC impedance spectroscopy (ACIS) measurements of electrochemical cells with varied cathode compositions reveal the important role of bismuth oxide phase for oxygen electrocatalysis. These observations aid in directing future research into the reaction pathways and the site-specific electrocatalytic activity as well as giving improved guidance for optimizing SOFC cathode structures with doped $Bi_2O_3$ compositions.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2018

This study explore the possibility of water sports activities as juvenile pleasure, and was performed for the purpose of looking for ways to develop it. In order to do this, I was conducted interviews with the water sports of seven experts to achieve. As the development direction of the main contents of the interview is youth leisure activity, specific details are expected to be young and effect change through the application of Maritime youth sports programs, potential problems, and direction of water sports youth development program, primarily part of the effort needed and so on is composed of. Interview data was categorized as a job that has undergone a similar topic by phenomenological analysis of Giorgi. Findings water sports activities despite having plenty of potential to contribute to the holistic growth of the youth, the conclusion was drawn that various constraints exist. Management of water sports agencies as a way to solve this problem, provided supervision, property development program for adolescents and youth professional guidance workforce, youth water sports activities such as infrastructure presents a proposal.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.129-140
• /
• 2011

As one of the casting plans to improve the scientific inquiry ability of the students, the aims of this study are to develop and apply a basic inquiry program for the inquiry subject of Seogwipo fossil formation, and analyze the basis inquiry ability of the students to show in the inquiry activity process actually. The results obtained in 5th grade 48 elementary school students of Seogwipo-city are as follows; Students executed observing activity using an appropriate senses such as senses of vision and touch, and showed the tendency which tries to observe the form overall rather than the partial form of the fossil formation. But the ability to utilize appropriately for predicting and inferring with the facts which could depend on observing activity was low. And we found out that the misconceptions influence on inquiry activity. Therefore, to help understanding deeper for the students' basic inquiry element, it is thought that a study of the various educational guidance ways is necessary to this. The teachers also have to study the various ways to induce the scientific conception through the application of proper teaching-learning for correction of misconceptions because misconceptions have an influence on inquiry activity together. If various inquiry programs considering the regional-specific characteristics are developed to cause students' interest, students would come to participate in inquiry activity aggressively a little more.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this was to find out the muscle activity of the quadriceps femoris by gender when sitting on a chair while performing stairs gait (US; Up-stairs, DS; Down-stairs). Method: 13 male subjects (age: 22.00 ± 1.68 yrs, height: 174.85 ± 6.10 cm, weight: 68.15 ± 9.83 kg) and 15 female subjects (age: 21.17 ± 1.58 yrs, height: 168.20 ± 5.55 cm, weight: 55.73 ± 6.94 kg) participated in this study. The study used wireless three channel EMG. Results: In this study, there was no gender difference in quadriceps femoris activity during the US and DS periods, and there was no significant difference between the male group before and after postural maintenance during the US and DS periods. The quadriceps muscle of the female group also did not show a significant difference before and after US sitting. However, the vastus medialis muscle activity during DS in the female group was significantly lower after application than before application of maintaining a sitting posture (p<.05). There was no interaction effect between the 15-minute sitting position application and gender. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that sitting in a chair affects the transient functioning of the quadriceps muscle in women. Therefore, emphasize the need for active rest when sitting in a chair for long periods of time.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.39-55
• /
• 2009

For this study, the 'Game Activities' lessons presented in the math textbooks from the 1st grade to the 6th were examined in terms of learning materials, the learning members' make-up, the playing structures, and the relation with the contents. In addition, the survey by means of questionnaires was conducted to analyze the actual condition of teachers' guidance in the field. The findings from this research were as follows: First, as for the activities presented in the textbooks, it turned out that too much emphasis is placed upon plays mainly using learning materials such as cards and dice played by teams of two. In addition, there have been shown negative aspects in various ways of plays putting too much emphasis on certain types of plays such as and structures. As for the relation with the contents, although lots of efforts were taken to connect the playing activity to the lesson contents, there were units presenting plays based on the preceding lesson's repeated activity, ones that have weak link with the contents. Second, it turned out that the teachers had negative attitude on the guidance using the 'Game Activities' lesson, although they were aware of the effects of playing in math learning. This seemed to result from the delicate variety and insufficient preparation for the play. Besides, the findings indicate that the appreciation and activity of the 'Game Activities' lesson presented as a way of performance evaluation. for play need to be provided in school or classrooms for teachers and students to make good use of them.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.245-257
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to measure the changes of the mandibular movement and the masticatory muscular activities - anterior temporal and masseter muscle of both side - reflected by intentional increase of anterior guidance angie. For this study, 5 volunteers (3 males and 2 females with average age of 24.0) were selected. Each volunteer had Angle's classification I and did not have any missing tooth except third molar and any extensive restorations. Metallic guide plate was made at volunteer's working model fabricated by improved dental stone and cemented to the palatal surface of maxillary central incisor using resin cement(Panavia $21^{(R)}$) and then adjusted not to give any occlusal interferences at intercuspal position. The activity of masticatory muscles and the changes of mandibular movement were recorded by EMG and Sirognathograph in Biopak analysing system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). Measurement was done at before experiment, immediatley after placement, 1 week after placement, immediately after removal, and 1 week after removal. The results were as follows: 1. Moderate phonetic disturbance and mild headache were occured to 3 volunteers for 2 days after setting and 1 volunteer had positive reaction to percussion and slight midline diastema. But all of these clinical signs were diappeared 1 week after removal and the other volunteer did not have any special clinical sign. 2. In the EMG of the mandibular rest position, the mean value of anterior tempotal muscle was increased immediately after placement(p<0.01) and then decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and increased 1 week after removal(p<0.05) but not recovered as before experiment. The mean value of masseter muscle was decreased during the experiment period. 3. In the EMG during mandibular protrusive movement, all muscular activity was decreased during the experiment period. Reduced activity was not recovered 1 week after removal(p<0.03). 4. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not statistically significant(p>0.1). Vertical movement was not shown significant difference during the experiment period(p>0.1). Lateral movement was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not recovered as before experiment. The opening and closing velocity of mandible was shown minor changes but not statistically significant. 5. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and then increased immediately after removal and recovered 1 week after removal as before experiment. Vertical movement was not shown significant changes. Lateral displacement of mandible was increased continuously and recovered 1 week after removal. Opening velocity was temporarily increased immediately after removal but recovered and closing velocity was not shown significant changes. 6. During the right side chewing, anteroposterior movement of mandible was increased immediately after removal but recovered and vertical movement was not shown statistically significant results. Lateral displacement and velocity of mandible were not shown significant results. 7. During the left side chewing, the changes of mandibular movement pattern were not shown statistically significant results.