• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1987

Study was to identify the structural and functional characteristics of social support system to better provide social support to physically handicapped children. The research design was a comparative descriptive study and the data were obtained by use of interview and questionnaire. The result of this were as follows: 1. The physically handicapped children perceived that they had a fewer number of social support providers than the non-handicapped children. (t= -4.62, p<.001) 2. The physically handicapped children Perceived a lower level of social support than the non-handicapped children. (t= -3.93, p<.001) In the cases of 3 types of social support (social integration, attachment / intimacy, assistance/guidance), the handicapped children perceived a lower level of social support. 3. It was found that physically handicapped children and nonhandicapped children perceived degree of social support differently (x$^2$=72.08, p<.001). and also the two groups perceived in all types of social support differently. 4. The results of this study showed that parents, school mates, school teachers, brothers and sisters were significant providers of social support and between the two groups the supportive source ranked consistently. (rs=.83, p<.01) 5. The relationship between sociability and the support level was a positive correlation (r=.28, p<.01), the relationship between sociability and the size of the support network showed a positive correlation. (r=.47, p<.01) And with the increase in the number of friends. the number of support providers increased. (F= 4.46, p<.05).

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

IEC 61000-3-7 provides guidance for limiting flicker and enabling the connection of fluctuating load installations, that is, producing flicker in MV, HV and EHV power systems. In Korea, the flicker have been restricted by Japanese standard of ${\Delta}V_{10}$ method. ${\Delta}V_{10}$ was developed only for arc furnaces in 1960's. And now it is revealed that it is not suitable for application to other fluctuating load installations through many researches. $P_{st}$ which is a flicker index used in IEC 61000-3-7, indicates visual inconvenience due to voltage fluctuation across large range of frequency and can be applied to fluctuating load installations as well as arc furnaces. In this paper, we introduce how to calculate and assess flicker emission level for the individual fluctuating load installations connected in EHV system and how to manage the emission levels in the power system according to IEC 61000-3-7.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify personal, contextual, and cognitive factors influencing the career preparation behavior of Korean nursing students. In this study, an examination was done of the fitness of a path model for the relationship among these factors based on the social cognitive career theory. Methods: The participants were 413 nursing students in South Korea. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires that included self-esteem, social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectation, career decision level, and career preparation behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and path analysis. Results: The factors influencing career preparation behavior were self-efficacy, career decision level, self-esteem, outcome expectation, and social support. The factors influencing career decision level were self-efficacy, outcome expectation, self-esteem, and social support. Conclusion: The findings indicate that self-efficacy is an important factor influencing the career behavior of Korean nursing students. Nurse educators should consider personal, contextual, and cognitive factors of nursing students and develop systemic career guidance programs to help nursing students' career preparation behavior.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2001

Students' journals in science class are supposed to contribute to students' science teaming and to provide plentiful information on students' learning and progress. If interaction could be reinforced in the process of writing journals, the positive effects of the journals are expected to be increased. New approaches in teaching should be supported by school and community. Otherwise, teachers are frequently frustrated and failed to introduce new ways of instruction into science classes. The purposes of the study are to develop interactive journals, and approaches to introduce interactive journals at school level. The status and situation of the school were investigated by survey. Interactive journals were developed by teachers who experienced workshops on developing journals. A model journal was provided as a guidance to teachers. To establish environments for introducing journals in the school, an invited lecture was provided to increase parents' perceptions on journals. A communication system among students, parents, and teachers was established, and educational materials, such as encyclopedia, books, computers, and so on were prepared. For efficient administration of journals, various prizes and events were established. As a result of the study, teachers participated experienced professional development in terms of journals, interactive journals for science class were developed, the environments for the introduction of interactive journals at school level were established, and most students successfully completed science journals.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.73-85
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine whether uniform reforming behavior in high school girls is related to body image distortion, and to obtain objective data to help in guiding students in the wearing of uniforms at school. 661 freshmen and junior girls at six high schools in Kwangju city responded to questionnaires. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s product-moment correlations using the SPSS 12.0 program. According to their body satisfaction level, three groups (haggard distortion, normal, overweight distortion) were identified. The data showed that a few high school girls were unable to recognize their body types correctly. It also indicated that school uniform reforming behaviors in high school girls were not related to their body image or body satisfaction level. So, it seems that students need guidance in the building up of an objective body image and wearing uniforms to fit their body types.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.647-658
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• 2021

Analysts' forecasts are important for providing useful guidance to investors, especially individual or small investors, and therefore it becomes critical to identify the elements which can potentially increase errors in analysts' forecasts. This study investigates potential factors which can lead to errors in forecasting by analysts, specifically in terms of the level and attributes of corporate earnings. Utilizing a sample of firms listed on the Korean stock markets, this study provides evidence that firms with more volatile and unpredictable earnings feature less accurate analyst forecasts. This study fills a void in the literature by conducting empirical tests for earnings attributes in terms of volatility and unpredictability that could potentially undermine the forecast accuracy. The negative association between the quality of earnings and forecast accuracy is more pronounced for firms with negative net income values. Additional analysis demonstrates that forecast accuracy is significantly lower for the fourth quarter than for other fiscal quarters and that fourth quarter earnings tend to be more volatile and unpredictable. This study contributes to the literature by providing new empirical evidence regarding the comprehensive effects of earnings quality and level on analysts' forecasting accuracy and further suggests potential factors contributing to the fourth quarter anomaly in analyst forecasts in terms of earnings attributes.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.109-121
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• 2006

This study examines the relationship between mother's stress and cortisol level during late pregnancy and how it changes into postpartum periods. Thirty one families were recruited from Daejeon and Incheon in South Korea. The major findings were as follows: (1) The level of mothers' cortisol followed the typical diurnal pattern of decline throughout the day. Further longitudinal analysis revealed that the level of Korean mothers' cortisol steadily lowered from the 8th prenatal month to the 6th postnatal month. (2) During pregnancy, mothers reported to experience changes in physical activities, daily routines, eating habits, types or amount of social activities and sleeping habits. Among these they were stressed the most by changes in physical activities and social activities. (3) The results of postpartum depression tests conducted at two months after giving birth showed mothers at this time were mostly stressed from difficulty sleeping and unnecessary self criticism. (4) The level of psycho social stress in mothers at six months after giving birth was mainly on social roles and the questions about self reliance marked the highest points. (5) Overall, there was a tendency for the level of maternal stress to decrease definitely from before and after the delivery and even though the level of stress was steadily decreasing up to 6th postpartum month it was not as sharp as those of before and after the birth of the babies. The level of cortisol analysis also showed the same obvious tendency.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.58-75
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• 1998

The hospital is characterized by it's remarkable labor industry and human resources input by unit. Recently, the administrative personnel are recognized as important staff to provide a hospital guidance to consumer and also easiness for consumer's visit to hospital. The objectives of this study is to find the performance of the administrative personnel in hospitals. The unit of analysis is the hospitals and data was collected form 144 staffs in 5 hospitals. Self administered questionnaire was given to analyze the general characteristics of staft such as age, sex, education, experience, and performance level in terms of frequency, ability, necessity of tasks. The major findings are as follows: 1. The 5 major tasks such as general affairs, insurance related affairs, hospital statistics, admission/discharge, and analysis of treatment cost were analyzed. Performance level of these tasks were not showed consistent level. It means that the same task was showed both high level performance and low level one. 2. The higher rates of performance level, ability and necessity were found, below 29 years of age, junior college graduates and university hospital than that of general one. 3. Factors mostly affected to performances were found as characteristics of hospital, age and education. 4. Concerning the various manpower management, On the job training, incentive mechanism and colose relationship among units were somewhat lack. In conclusion, most responded administrative personnel have performed actively in dealing with their tasks. however, the performance level and ability of the same task were showed differently, it means that such routine works were not standardized. Therefore, standardization and specification of tasks should be developed to strength the performance. Finally, this study is the first attempt to find out the performance of the administrative staffs and the study results imply that further study could be neeed to promote the performance of administrative personnel efficiently and effectively.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.109-132
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• 2002

The study surveyed 1,127 mothers whose children aged 3 to 5 went to 25 randomly selected kindergartens, which were located in Busan Metropolitan City and the adjacent Gimhae City, and analyzed the preventive health behaviors on their children and the condition of home health education on their children. As the compulsory kindergarten education will e to be implemented within 4 years, this study aimed to draw up the rudimentary material for health education at kindergartens. The study results are summed up as follows: 1. Mothers' awareness of health-related attitude and behavioral level for their children at kindergarten: 1) The general health condition of the children, which mothers are aware of, was that they were healthy on the whole. As their children becomes older, the income level of the parents is lower, and mothers have lower level of educational standard, the health condition of the children was found a little lower. 2) In terms of mothers' recognition of the practice level of preventive health behaviors, the items such as going to bed regularly, washing hands and feet well, and having meals regularly were high in the practice level, while exercise and tooth-brushing were not practiced well. 2. The condition of mothers' health education of their children: 1) It was found that washing hands and feet, restriction of overeating and preference for specific kinds of food, guidance on regular sleep and regular meal were practiced well among items of home health education targeting kindergarten children. 2) Mothers have obtained information on family health from printed matter such as newspaper or magazine rather than the visual media. 3) From the cross analysis of mothers' health education on children and children's health behaviors, as the standard of education of mothers was higher, so was the level of preventive health behaviors of children. 3. From the result of multi regression analysis of the factors influencing the preventive hygiene of kindergarten children, it was found that as the home health education level was higher, so was the health behavior of children. On the other hand, as the mothers were older, the health behavior of children became lower.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.627-638
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• 2008

At present, there is a no rational MOE for evaluating hazard level at curve sections. Therefore, this study focus on developing the MOE and algorithm for hazard level at curve sections. The scopes of this study limited to rural two-way roads. Actual data used is accident, geometric features, safety facilities of the selected sites at curve sections. In order to develop MOE for hazard level at curve sections, accident contributing factors were classified by road geometry, visual guidance facility, speed and driver factor. A relationship between the four factors mentioned and accidents was conducted. And, the MOE for hazard level at curve sections was derived from the previous relationship analysis, and the algorithm for hazard level was developed. Finally, worksheets were suggested based on the MOE and algorithm for road designers. These developed MOE and algorithm can be used to reduce serious accident contributing factors when designing roads and also, these will be used to determine an order of priority when reconstructing roads.