• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.305-309
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• 2015

Cellulase와 xylanase 분비능이 우수한 부숙촉진 세균을 분리하기 위하여 진주시 집현면 소재의 느타리버섯 재배농장으로부터 느타리버섯 수확후배지를 수집하였다. 느타리버섯 수확후배지로부터 19종의 균주를 분리하였으며 이 중 cellulase와 xylanase을 동시에 분비하는 균주를 최종 선발하여 CA105로 명명하였다. Bacillus ID kit와 VITEK 2 system를 이용하여 분리균 CA105의 생화학적 특성을 조사한 결과에서도 분리균 CA105은 B. subtilis와 유사한 특징을 나타내었으며 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석 결과에서는 B. subtilis와 98.9%의 상동성을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합하여 분리균 CA105은 Bacillus subtilis CA105로 동정되었다. 분리균이 분비하는 cellulase와 xylanase 활성은 분리균이 증식함에 따라 대수증식기 중반부터 급격히 증가하였고 정지기에 진입하면 효소활성이 더 이상 증가하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.48.1-48.21
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• 2023

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess immunoregulatory properties and their regulatory functions represent a potential therapy for acute lung injury (ALI). However, uncertainties remain with respect to defining MSCs-derived immunomodulatory pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the enhanced effect of human recombinant bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) primed ES-MSCs (MSC^BMP2) in promoting Tregs in ALI mice. MSC were preconditioned with 100 ng/ml rhBMP-2 for 24 h, and then administrated to mice by intravenous injection after intratracheal injection of 1 mg/kg LPS. Treating MSCs with rhBMP-2 significantly increased cellular proliferation and migration, and cytokines array reveled that cytokines release by MSC^BMP2 were associated with migration and growth. MSC^BMP2 ameliorated LPS induced lung injury and reduced myeloperoxidase activity and permeability in mice exposed to LPS. Levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase were decreased while levels of total glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity were further increased via inhibition of phosphorylated STAT1 in ALI mice treated with MSC^BMP2. MSC^BMP2 treatment increased the protein level of IDO1, indicating an increase in Treg cells, and Foxp3⁺CD25⁺ Treg of CD4⁺ cells were further increased in ALI mice treated with MSC^BMP2. In co-culture assays with MSCs and RAW264.7 cells, the protein level of IDO1 was further induced in MSC^BMP2. Additionally, cytokine release of IL-10 was enhanced while both IL-6 and TNF-α were further inhibited. In conclusion, these findings suggest that MSC^BMP2 has therapeutic potential to reduce massive inflammation of respiratory diseases by promoting Treg cells.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2012

탈모방지 및 발모효과를 가지는 소재를 개발하기 위해 한의학에서 전통적으로 사용되는 23가지 한방소재를 선정하여 한방복합처방단을 개발하였다. 한방복합처방단을 구성하는 한방소재들은 예로부터 전통적으로 발모 및 탈모방지, 흰머리방지, 염증 치료 및 혈액순환개선 효과를 가진 것으로 알려져 있는 당귀, 보골지, 측백엽, 한련초, 구기자, 복분자, 상백피, 숙지황, 여정실, 적하수오, 흑지마, 고삼, 백지, 익모초, 단삼, 도인, 몰약, 감국, 유향, 인삼, 천궁, 합환피, 현호색 등이다. 또한, 한방복합처방단의 발모효과를 확인하기 위해 in vitro와 in vivo 평가모델을 이용하여 모발성장 및 촉진에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. In vitro 상에서는 모유두세포, 각질형성세포 및 섬유아세포의 증식을 확인하였다. 또한, 흰머리방지 효과와 관련하여 멜라노마 세포에서의 멜라닌 합성능력을 확인하였다. 한방복합처방단의 in vitro 상에서의 육모효과는 C57BL/6 마우스를 이용한 in vivo 상에서도 확인하였다. 연구 결과 한방복합처방단은 $50{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 모유두 세포의 증식을 175 %까지, 섬유아세포인 NIH3T3 세포의 증식은 120 %까지 증가시켰으며, $20{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각질형성세포인 HaCaT 세포의 증식을 133 %까지 증가시켰다. 멜라닌 합성의 경우, $50{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 154 %까지 증가시켰다. 또한, C57BL/6 마우스를 이용한 육모효과에 있어서는 한방복합 처방단 처리 4주 후 98 % 이상의 육모효과를 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 본 연구에서 개발한 한방복합처방단은 모발의 성장 촉진에 유용하게 활용될 수 있는 처방으로 사료된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.398-402
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• 2013

고추생장 촉진을 위해 병원균에 대한 방제력과 난용성 인산염에 대한 가용화 활성을 보이는 미생물 혼합배양액의 효과를 검증하였다. Saccharomyces sp. L13은 난용성 인산염에 대한 가용화 활성으로 분리되었으며 Bacillus sp. L32는 고추역병과 고추탄저병에 대한 길항력 활성으로 분리되었다. 특히 L32 균주는 대치배양법과 잎을 이용한 실증실험에서 모두 길항능력을 보였으며 시설재배를 이용한 실증실험에서도 병의 발병율을 저감시켰다. 두 균주의 혼합배양은 각 균주들의 생장율에 영향을 주지 않았으며 고추에 대한 혼합배양액 처리는 고추역병과 고추탄저병의 발병율을 저감시키는 동시에 난용성 인산염의 가용화를 통해 고추의 생장율을 증대시키는 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 결과는 두 균주의 혼합배양액이 작물재배를 위한 미생물제제로서 잠재적 효용성이 높다는 것을 제시한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1990

수종(數種)의 비두과식물(非荳科植物)의 뿌리로 부터 질소고정균(窒素固定菌)을 분리(分離)하여 분리(分離)된 균(菌)에 대(對)해서 숙주식물(宿主植物)의 접종실험(接種實驗)을 하여 유효균(有效菌)의 선발(選拔)을 한 결과(結果) 1. 9개(個)의 식물(植物)에 대(對)해서는 시금치, 배추, 오이, 갓 및 가지에서 비교적(比較的) 높은 아세칠렌 환원능(還元能)을 가진 균주(菌株)를 얻었고 2. 그 중(中)에서 아세칠렌 환원능(還元能)이 큰 4개(個)의 숙주식물(宿主植物)중 시금치, 배추, 오이에서 양호(良好)한 생육(生育)을 하는 균주(菌株)를 찾았다. 특(特)히 시금치에서 접종효과(接種效果)가 현저(顯著)하였다. 3. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 부터 비두과식물(非荳科植物)의 뿌리에도 약한 협생(協生)을 하는 질소고정균(窒素固定菌)이 생육(生育)되고 있어 뿌리의 생장(生長) 및 분화(分化)를 촉진(促進)시켜 지상부(地上部)의 생육(生育)을 왕성하게 하는 것으로 판단(判斷)된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.286-288
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• 2019

벼 종자에서 분리한 Pseudomonas parafulva PpaJBCS1880 (PpaJBCS1880) 균주는 lipopeptide를 분비하여 식물의 세균 병원균에 대해 강력한 항균력을 나타냈다. 또한, PpaJBCS1880는 콩불마름병의 발생을 억제하였을 뿐만 아니라, 벼의 생육을 촉진하였다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 PpaJBCS1880 균주의 전체염기서열을 해독하고 분석하였는데, 총 염기서열은 5,208,480 bp였고, GC 함량은 63.4%였다. 염색체는 4,487개의 단백질을 암호화하였고, 19개의 rRNA와 74개의 tRNA로 구성되어 있었다. 유전체의 분석을 통해 2차 대사산물인 lipopeptide, pyoverdine, phenazine 및 hydrogen cyanide 등을 생산하는 것을 확인하였는데, 이들 대사산물에 의해 항균력, 생물방제 및 생육촉진 효과를 나타내는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2021

Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) causes meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and bacteremia in neonates and children and has a high mortality rate. For rapid E. sakazakii detection, various differential and selective media containing α-glucosidase substrates, such as 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (BCIG) or 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-D-glucoside (α-MUG), have been developed as only E. sakazakii exhibits α-glucosidase activity in the genus Enterobacter. However, Escherichia vulneris (family: Enterobacteriaceae) can also utilize α-glucosidase substrates, thereby resulting in false positives. Various iron sources are known to promote the growth of gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to develop a selective medium containing α-glucosidase substrates for E. sakazakii detection that would eliminate false positives, such as those of E. vulneris, and to determine the role of iron source in the medium. Three previously developed (TPD) media, i.e., Oxoid, OK, and VRBG, and the medium developed in this study, i.e., NGTE, were evaluated using 58 E. sakazakii and 5 non-E. sakazakii strains. Fifty-four E. sakazakii strains appeared as fluorescent or chromogenic colonies on all four media that were assessed. Two strains showed colonies on NGTE medium and not on TPD media. In contrast, the remaining two strains showed colonies on TPD media and not on NGTE medium. None of the non-E. sakazakii strains showed fluorescent or chromogenic colonies on any of the evaluated media except E. vulneris, which showed colonies on TPD media and not on NGTE medium. This study demonstrated that the newly developed NGTE medium was not only equally efficient in promoting the growth of bacterial colonies when compared with the currently available media but also eliminated false positives, such as E. vulneris.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.13-13
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• 2016

Insects constitute the largest and most diverse group of animals in the world. They also serve as the hosts or nutrient sources for an immense assemblage of pathogens, parasites, and predators. More than 700 fungal species from 100 genera have adopted an entomopathogenic lifestyle. Although entomopathogenic fungi were studied as only biocontrol agents against a variety of pests in various countries, it has been recently focused their additional roles in nature. They are antagonists to/against plant pathogens, endophytes, and possibly even plant growth promoting agents. The potential antimicrobial effect against fungal plant pathogens by an isolate of entomopathogenic fungi including Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium spp., and Isaria fumosorosea have been reported since late 1990s, but wasn't reported pathogenicity of the isolate against pests. Later, a Canadian Lecanicillium sp. isolate and L. longisporium isolated from Vertalec$^{(R)}$ showed simultaneous control effect against both aphid and cucumber powder mildew. Therefore, the antimicrobial activities of 342 fungi isolates collected from various regions and conditions in Korea were evaluated against plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea using dual culture technique on agar plate. As a result, 186 isolates (54.4%) shown the antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The culture filtrates of selected fungi completely suppressed the growth of the microorganisms, indicating that suppression was due to the presence of antimicrobial substances in the culture filtrate. Mode of action of these fungi against insect involves the attachment of conidia to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, cuticle penetration, and internal dissemination throughout the insect. During infection process, secreted enzymes, proteinous toxins, and/or secondary metabolites secreted by entomopathogenic fungi can be used to overcome the host immune system, modify host behavior, and defend host resources. Recently, secondary metabolites isolated from entomopathogenic fungi have been reported as potential bioactive substances. Generally, most of bioactive substances produced by entomopathogenic fungi have reported low molecular weight (lower than 1,000 g/mol) as peptide and, in contrast the high molecular weight fungal bioactive substances are rare. Most substances based on entomopathogenic fungi were shown antimicrobial activity with narrow control ranges. In our study we analyzed the antimicrobial substances having antagonistic effects to B. cinerea. Antimicrobial substances in our fungal culture filtrates showed high thermostability, high stability to proteolytic enzymes, and hydrophilicity and their molecular weights were differed from substance. In conclusion, entomopathogenic fungi showed pathogenicity against insect pests and culture filtrate of the fungi also shown to antimicrobial activity. In the future, we can use the entomopathogenic fungi and its secondary metabolites to control both insect pest control and plant pathogenic fungi simultaneously.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2012

Recently, we reported growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) as a new maternal effect gene (MEG), that expressed in the oocytes but functioned principally during embryogenesis. Gas6 RNAi-treated oocytes developed to metaphase II (MII) stage but they have affected M-phase promoting factor (MPF) activity and incurred abnormal pronuclear (PN) formation during fertilization. Gas6 is a ligand of TAM family members (Tyro3, Axl and Mertk) of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of Tyro3, Axl and Mertk transcripts in oocytes and early embryos. Expression of Gas6 and Mertk mRNA was detectable in oocytes and follicular cells, while Tyro3 and Axl mRNA was expressed only in follicular cells. Expression of Mertk mRNA was relatively constant during oocytes maturation and embryogenesis, but the other receptors, Tyro3 and Axl, were not expressed in oocytes and PN stage of embryos at all. Knockdown of Mertk mRNA and protein by using sequence-specific Mertk double strand RNA (dsRNA) did not affect oocytes maturation. In this case, however, contrary to the ligand Gas6 RNA interference (RNAi), MPF activity had not been changed by Mertk RNAi. Therefore, we concluded that the Gas6-Mertk signaling is not directly related to the oocyte maturation. It is still required to study further regarding the function of Mertk as the receptor of Gas6 during preimplantational early embryogenesis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.843-847
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• 2007

Strain NK34 was characterized for probiotic use. Strain NK34 was named Lactococcus lactis NK34 based on API 50 CHL kit results and 16S rDNA sequencing. L. lactis NK34 was highly resistant to artificial gastric juice (pH 2.5) and artificial bile acid. Based on results from the API ZYM kit, 4 enzymes were produced. L. lactis NK34 was resistant to all antibiotics tested except for $10\;{\mu}g/mL$ roxithromycin and $10\;{\mu}g/mL$ erythromycin. The cholesterol-lowering effect of L. lactis NK34 was about 46.9%. Concentrations of interleukin $(IL)-1{\alpha}$ in the $20{\times}$ concentrated supernatant of L. lactis NK34 was about 361 pg/mL. L. lactis NK34 was also found to inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells due to MNNG-induced DNA damage. These results demonstrate the potential of L. lactis NK34 as a health-promoting probiotic.