• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.116-116
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• 2020

Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) is a highly mountainous and remote region covering 45% of Upper Indus Basin (UIB) with around 1.8 million population is vulnerable to climate change and socio-economic growth makes water resources management and planning more complex. To understand the water scarcity in the region this study is carried out to project water supply and demand for agricultural and domestic sector under various climate-socio-economic scenarios in five sub catchments of GB i.e., Astore, Gilgit, Hunza, Shigar and Shyok for a period of 2015 to 2050 using Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model. For climate change scenario ensembled mean of three global climate models (GCMs) was used under three different Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5). The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and agricultural Land Development (LD) scenarios were combined with climate scenarios to develop climate-socio-economic scenario. Our results indicate that the climate change and socio-economic growth would create a gap between supply and demand of water in the region, with socio-economic growth (e.g. agricultural and population) as dominant external factor that would reduce food production and increase poverty level in the region. Among five catchments only Astore and Gilgit will face shortfall of water while Shyoke would face shortfall of water only under agricultural growth scenarios. We also observed that the shortfall of water in response to climate-socio-economic scenarios is totally different over two water deficient catchments due to its demography and geography. Finally, to help policy makers in developing regional water resources and management policies we classified five sub catchments of UIB according to its water deficiency level.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 2002

The sand shrimp, Crangon hakodatei commonly occured in the southern coast of Korea. The population structure, growth, mortality, and size at sexual maturity of C. hakodatei were examined by the samples collected from the coastal area of Geoje Island, Korea from October 2000 to October 2001. For estimation of parameters of growth and mortality, monthly length-frequency data were analysed by ELEFAN. Parameters of growth were estimated, using the modified yon Bertalanffy growth function model. The female grew faster and reached larger size at the same age than the male, There was a breeding season showing a peak in winter (January to february). Total mortality by length-converted catch curve was estimated at $3.10 yr^{-1}$, fishing mortality was $0.62 y^{-1}$ and natural mortality was $2.48 yr^{-1}$. The size at $50\%$ sexual maturity for the female ranged from CL 11.00 to 11.50 mm.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.257-264
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• 2005

We studied age and growth of the sea urchin, Pseudocentrotus depressus, to obtain some informations regarding its sustainable production and appropriate resources reinforcement. The samples were collected at two locations (Ongpo and Bubhwan) in Jeju, Korea. Annual rings were formed from October to January, and this period was well matched with the time just prior to or during their reproduction. Two population regression lines generated by using Walford's plotting with mean radius of each age group showed significant differences in their growth rate between the two sampling locations (p<0.0l). When the regression equations were calculated using either madreporite's radius (R) and test diameter (L) or body weight (W) and test diameter (L), the results were L=23.830+ 11.735R and $W=0.0004L^3$, and no statistically significant differences were detected between the two populations (p>0.2). Based on the data of madreporite's radius and test diameters, two estimated growth equations were $L_t(mm)=72.988(1-e^{-0.412(t-0.596)}\;and\;L_t(mm)=70.195(1-e{-0.365(t-0.51l)}$ in Ongpo and Bubhwan population, respectively. Three distinct annulus groups were recognizable within the distribution of the radii of the annual rings measured from age I to age 5. The mean radii calculated from the same annulus group were all identical even though they were from different age groups.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 2013

In this study, both pressure drop and microbe-population-distribution were observed while running a novel biofilter system with improved design in which the biofilter system is composed of two, upper and lower biofilters with both equal feed-rates of up-flow and down-flow, respectively. Then they were compared with the pressure drop and microbe-population-distribution observed in a conventional biofilter of the same effective volume with unidirectional flow. The pressure drop-value of biofilter system with improved design turned out to be less at the incipient stage of run or steady-state long term operation by more than 40~80% of that of the conventional biofilter. The microbe-population-distribution was observed to be lower and higher at higher and lower column of biofilter, respectively, for both the conventional biofilter and the biofilter system with improved design. The microbe-media of waste-tire crumb showed much greater CFU counts than GAC. In the biofilter system with improved design, the $bottom{\rightarrow}up$ feeding of waste air showed greater microbe-population growth than the $top{\rightarrow}down$ feeding for both the microbe-media of waste-tire crumb and GAC. However, it was more prominent for the former than the latter. Comparing the microbe-population-distributions of both of the conventional biofilter and the biofilter system with improved design, the microbe-population of latter was distributed ca. 15 and 2.5 times more evenly for GAC and the media of waste-tire crumb, respectively, than that of former.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.717-728
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• 1994

This study was aimed to screen edible herbs which control the composition of intestinal microflora. With in vitro experiments, we screened the water or ethanol extracts of about 60 edible herbs and wild plants in terms of the inhibition activity on the growth of the harmful Clostridium perfringens and growth promoting activity for the beneficial Bifidobacteria. The water extracts of mugwort and small water dropwort inhibited the growth of Cl.perfringens both in agar diffusion method and broth culture. On the other hand, the water extracts of petasites, mugwort, yellow day-lily and bitter cress have shown the promotion effect on the growth of Bifidobacterium longum. In the culture test using human feces as starter, the extracts of the above selected herbs increased the population of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus while they reduced the numbers of Cl.perfringens and E.coli.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 1972

The studies of density effect or the effect of population density on plant growth have been done on basis of dry matter production with Raphanus acanthiformis var. simoodaeguen, Brassica campestris var. Pekinensis f. namsounsokoombecheu, Oryza sativa f. kimmajae and O. sativa f. mangyeng grown in the various spacing. 1. In the early period of plant growth in dry weight was not different each other among varying densities, but as time advanced the plant grown vast space grew sufficiently compared with those of narrow one. 2. Iogarithmic relation between the growth of plant (W) and the density (P), log W-log P in the material plants, were approximated by two straight lines, one was horizontal line and another inclined: the former showed non-competition density and the latter competition density addition to these the point interlinking both lines were implied of the optimum density per unit land area at certain growth period. 3. The values of relatvie growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were decreased as increase in the density, while those of leaf area ratio (LAR) were rather increased in the same condition, with minor exception. From these results and relation between the productive structure and due to lack of the recieved light intensity owing to the mutal shading among the plants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_2
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• pp.491-499
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• 1998

An investigation was performed to establish the mathematical theories of a vibration for the plant growth and a wave distribution of a plant population on the boundary condition of a limiting factor in the environment. The mathematical theories of the plant growth vibration and wave distribution had been elucidated by the plant growth and the timber line on the middle slope of the west side of Mt. Paektu. The Betula ermaruii composes the timber line on about 2,060 m elevation of sea label, has a growth vibration on the ground surface and takes a wave distribution due to a boundary condition of alpine temperature gradient.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.728-746
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the selective migration of young age group and the stage migration which has proceeded through generations, on the transition of fertility and the population growth in the rural and urban in the case of Jeollabuk-do. For this, we use O-D matrix of 20-34 age group, the distribution of that group and women of child bearing age, and vital statistics in 1970-2010. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, the outflows from their birth place are common and dominant features of 20-34 age group in each time. Second, there is the stage migration which preceding generation moved from the rural areas to the cities in Jeollabuk-do and following generation has moved from the cities to Seoul metropolitan area. Third the selective outflow migration of young age group has leaded to reduction of the childbearing population, declining birthrate, aging and natural population decline. Due to the stage migration, these depopulation processes occurred in rural area in the past, and currently it expands to the cities with about 15 years time gap. In fact, there have been the natural population decrease which annual number of deaths exceed that of births from the late 1980s in the most rural areas and in the early 2000s, such a phenomenon has been confirmed also in urban areas. Therefore, this study concludes that the stage migration through generations is one of the crucial factor to the population growth in local cities and also brings out the step-wise population decrease in settlement hierarchies.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2021

There has been a lot of research on the real estate market, but a lack of research on the supply and demand of housing supply in each region, reflecting the changes in population growth and supply. It is calculated as the transition probability of the Markov chain model by reflecting the data on the number of houses per 1,000 people in the past 35 years and the forecast data for population change by region, in terms of supply (housing) to demand (population) for factors on the real estate market. According to the calculation results of the real estate market by region, the housing supply to the metropolitan area such as Gyeong-gi, Incheon, and Seoul is expected to be insufficient for a considerable period of time, considering the population changes by region. To stabilize the real estate market, it was confirmed that it was necessary to actively apply the differentiation of housing supply by region. It is meaningful in terms of verifying long term trends in the real estate market by region that reflect the prediction of population change, and it is expected that the methods used in this study will be practical through the analysis results using the historical data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.357-359
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• 2022

The market for eco-friendly food materials by online distribution is rapidly growing due to major environmental pollution such as air, soil, and water quality, and radical changes in living patterns caused by COVID-19. In addition, because of the aging population and the decrease in agricultural-related population due to social structural changes, aquaponics is emerging as a system that can solve problems such as independence of old economic activities, environmental protection, and securing healthy and safe food. This paper aims to design an intelligent plant growth measurement system among intelligent aquaponics production management modules for optimal growth environment derivation and quantitative production prediction by converging various ICT technologies into existing aquaponics systems. In particular, the focus is on designing systems suitable for production sites that do not have high-performance processing resources, and we propose a module configuration plan for production environments and training data and prediction systems.