• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2022

Soil moisture is significantly related to crop growth and plays an important role in irrigation management. To predict soil moisture, various process-based model has been developed and used in the world. Various models (Land surface model) may have different performance depending on the model parameters and structures that causes the different model output for the same modeling condition. In this study, the three land surface models (Noah Land Surface Model, Soil Water Atmosphere Plant, Community Land Model) were used to compare the model performance (soil moisture prediction) and develop the multi-model simulation. At first, the genetic algorithm was used to estimate the optimal soil parameters for each model, and the parameters were used to predict soil moisture in the study area. Then, we used the multi-model approach based on Bayesian model averaging (BMA). The results derived from this approach showed a better match to the measurements than the results from the original single land surface model. In addition, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the single model and utilizing multi-model methods can help to increase the accuracy of soil moisture prediction.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.224-239
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• 2022

온라인 판매가 무서운 성장세를 보여주고 있음에도 불구하고, 소비자 채널 전환행동 영역에서 오프라인 밴드왜건이 여전히 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 소비자의 오프라인에서 온라인 소매업자로의 전환행동을 탐색하는 기존연구와 달리, 본 연구는 push-pull-mooring 모델을 기반으로 소비자가 온라인에서 오프라인 채널로 전환하는 이유와 시점에 중점을 두어 살펴본다. 따라서, 본 연구는 구조방정식 모델과 SPSS를 이용하여 설립된 연구가설을 검증하였다. 그 결과는 예상대로 push 요인(지각된 위험과 불만족)과 pull 요인(대안매력과 지각된 주인의식)이 모두 소비자의 온라인에서 오프라인 채널로의 전환의도에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, push 요인과 전환비용간의 상호작용 및 pull 요인과 주관적 규범간의 상호작용을 제외하고, 모든 push 요인과 mooring 요인(전환비용, 다양성 추구 성향과 주관적 규범)간의 상호작용 및 pull 요인과 mooring 요인간의 상호작용이 검증되었다. 마지막으로 시사점과 한계점을 더불어 제시하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 1984

한국 수도작의 재배시기 추정식을 유도하기 위하여1962∼1980년의 지역적응시험성적을 이용하여 몇가지 분석을 한 결과틀 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 기상, 지리조건 및 재배시기 상호간에는 고도의 상관이 있었고 기상요인 중에서는 최저평균기온이 재배시기에 가장 크게 작용하나 기타요인들도 관여함을알 수 있었다. 지리적 요인 중에서는 위도, 고도 및 경도의 순으로 기상과 경종시기에 관여하였다. 2. 반종부터 적정출수까지의 전생육일수는 Japonica 품종군의 경우가 115일, I/J품종군은 111일 이었고 육묘기간은 각각 44일과 42일 이었다. 3. 위치결정요소인 위도, 경도 및 고도를 이용하여 파종기, 이앙기, 적정출수기 및 안전출수. 한계기 추정식을 유도한 결과 편회귀계수와 중상관계수가 모두 유의성을 보여 재배시기추정식은 합리적인 것으로 판단되었다. 4. 그러나 본 연구분석에 Topology 효과는 고려되지 않아서 특수지역에의 적용은 어려울 것으로 보인다. 또한 특수생태형을 가진 품종이나 특이한 재배법에의 적용은 좀더 검토되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2022

The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of Korea is showing a lot of interest in net zero-energy buildings (NZEBs) to reduce energy consumption of military facilities and to promote green growth policy in military sector. The application of building passive technologies and renewable energies is essential to achieving NZEBs. This paper analyzed energy performance and energy cost on the conventional heating and cooling system (baseline scenario) and three different alternative scenarios (ALT 1, ALT 2 and ALT 3) applied in a hypothetical military building. A building modeling and simulation software (DesignBuilder V6.1) with EnergyPlus calculation engine was used to calculate the energy consumption for each scenario. Overall, when the GSHPs are applied to both space airconditioning and domestic hot water (DHW) production, Alt-2 and Alt-3, the amount of energy consumption for target building can be greatly reduced. In addition, when the building envelope performance is increased like Alt-3, the energy consumption can be further reduced. The annual energy cost analysis showed that the baseline was approximately 161 million KRW, while Alt-3 was approximately 33 million KRW. Therefore, it was analyzed that the initial construction cost increase could be recovered within about 6.7 years for ALT 3. The results of this study can help decision-makers to determine the optimal strategy for implementing GSHP systems in military buildings through energy performance and initial construction cost assessment.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2023

인공 지능이 발전함에 따라 예측 시스템은 우리의 삶에 필수적인 기술 중 하나로 자리를 잡았다. 이러한 기술의 성장에도 불구하고, 21세기 사거리 교통 체증은 계속해서 문제 되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 Conv-LSTM(: Convolutional-Long Short-Term Memory) 알고리즘을 이용한 사거리 교통 체증 예측 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 교통 체증이 발생하는 사거리에 시간대별 교통 정보를 학습한 데이터를 모델링 한다. 시간의 흐름에 따라 기록된 교통량 데이터로 교통 체증을 예측하며. 예측된 결과를 기반으로 사거리 교통 신호를 제어하고, 일정한 교통량으로 유지한다. VDS(: Vehicle Detection System)센서를 활용하여 도로 혼잡도 데이터를 정의하고, 교통을 원활하게 하기 위하여 각각의 교차로를 Conv-LSTM 알고리즘기반 네트워크 시스템으로 구성하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2023

Objective: The growth and development of the mandible strongly depend on modeling changes occurring at its ramus. Here, we investigated covariance patterns between the morphology of the ramus and the rest of the face. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 159 adults (55 males and 104 females) with no history of orthodontic treatment were collected. Geometric morphometrics with sliding semi-landmarks was used. The covariance between the ramus and face was investigated using a two-block partial least squares analysis (PLS). Sexual dimorphism and allometry were also assessed. Results: Differences in the divergence of the face and anteroposterior relationship of the jaws accounted for 24.1% and 21.6% of shape variation in the sample, respectively. Shape variation was greater in the sagittal plane for males than for females (30.7% vs. 17.4%), whereas variation in the vertical plane was similar for both sexes (23.7% for males and 25.4% for females). Size-related allometric differences between the sexes accounted for the shape variation to a maximum of 6% regarding the face. Regarding the covariation between the shapes of the ramus and the rest of the face, wider and shorter rami were associated with a decreased lower anterior facial height as well as a prognathic mandible and maxilla (PLS 1, 45.5% of the covariance). Additionally, a more posteriorly inclined ramus in the lower region was correlated with a Class II pattern and flat mandibular plane. Conclusions: The width, height, and inclination of the ramus were correlated with facial shape changes in the vertical and sagittal planes.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.45.1-45.7
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• 2022

Food security will be affected by climate change worldwide, particularly in the developing world, where the most important food products originate from plants. Plants are often exposed to environmental stresses that may affect their growth, development, yield, and food quality. Auxin is a hormone that plays a critical role in improving plants' tolerance of environmental conditions. Auxin controls the expression of many stress-responsive genes in plants by interacting with specific cis-regulatory elements called auxin-responsive elements (AuxREs). In this work, we performed an in silico prediction of AuxREs in promoters of five auxin-responsive genes in Zea mays. We applied a data fusion approach based on the combined use of Dempster-Shafer evidence theory and fuzzy sets. Auxin has a direct impact on cell membrane proteins. The short-term auxin response may be represented by the regulation of transmembrane gene expression. The detection of an AuxRE in the promoter of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) in Z. mays and the 3-fold overexpression of this gene under auxin treatment for 30 min indicated the role of POP in maize auxin response. POP is regulated by auxin to perform stress adaptation. In addition, the detection of two AuxRE TGTCTC motifs in the upstream sequence of the bx1 gene suggests that bx1 can be regulated by auxin. Auxin may also be involved in the regulation of dehydration-responsive element-binding and some members of the protein kinase superfamily.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2017

Purpose - As environmental issues, along with the growth of companies, are accelerating, social interests in eco-friendly management that requires corporate social role and responsibility are increasing. The eco-friendly management activity reflects the changes in environmental awareness of consumers. Therefore, the eco-friendly images of companies influence consumers, and the establishing of eco-friendly management strategy has become a very important factor in the greenmarket. In this regard, this study examined the impacts of green leadership and environmental attractiveness on strategic environmental marketing, tactical environmental marketing, and environmental performance towards the employees of franchisee headquarters. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey was conducted towards the 800 headquarters among 2,600 brands that are registered with the Fair Trade Commission of Korea by mail. Among the total of 162 questionnaires collected, 7 respondents were excluded for their incompletion, and thus 155 responses were used in this study. The data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 and SmartPLS 3.0. Frequency analysis was carried out to understand the general characteristics of the subjects, and confirmatory factor analysis to measure the reliability and validity of the measurement. Correlation analysis was conducted to identify the correlation between constructs, and structural equation modeling to examine the structural relationships among the constructs. Result and Conclusions - First, green leadership had a positive impact on strategic environmental marketing, tactical environmental marketing, and environmental performance. Second, environmental attractiveness had a positive effect on strategic environmental marketing, tactical environmental marketing, and environmental performance. Finally, strategic environmental marketing and tactical environmental marketing had positive impacts on environmental performance. This study can be recognized for proposing new perspectives on eco-friendly management strategy for firms to be able to win competitive superiority and performance by embedding awareness of the importance of environmental market and suggesting practical implications on understanding of environmental attractiveness, strategies and tactics of environmental management, and environmental performance in the franchise industry.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2016

Purpose - Competitive industry structure and recent economic depression challenge a survival of Korean small- and medium-sized food franchising companies (SMFCs), albeit the explosive growth of the Korean food service industry for last few decades. Against this backdrop, it examines how these SMFCs overcome liabilities of smallness and resource scarcity to strengthen competitive advantage in the market. To tackle this, in this article we focus on corporate entrepreneurship and human resources as a knowledge-based asset for these SMFCs. Furthermore, the ratio of employee turnover is high in SMFCs. We view that such brain-drain may result in poor performance of the Korean SMFCs. As such, we pay attention to the role of organizational commitment to an organization as a solution for enhancing individual-level employees' loyalty toward their organization. Research design, data, and methodology - Our research question is to what extent corporate entrepreneurship (i.e., innovative organizational culture, organizational autonomy, and administrative innovation) affects an individual-level attitude toward the organization and, in turn, employee creativity and satisfaction in the Korean SMFCs context. We collected data from employees in SMFCs for three months. A total of 126 valid questionnaires were collected, and analyzed the data using partial least squares path modeling. Results - The reliable and valid measurement model feed into testing the structural model. Our findings suggest that innovative organizational culture and organizational autonomy positively affect employee commitment. Particularly, organizational autonomy has a greater effect than innovative culture on employee commitment. However, the relationship between administrative innovation and employee commitment is not significant. We also find that employee commitment positively affects both employee creativity and satisfaction. Conclusions - Our contribution to the existing franchising business and management literature is twofold. First, the conceptual model includes three antecedents in the organizational entrepreneurship dimension to organizational commitment. Second, we conceptualize organizational commitment as employee commitment, and validate its impact on employee creativity and job satisfaction at an individual performance level. Overall, this article suggests that it is critically important for the Korean SMFCs to develop corporate entrepreneurship in order to facilitate employees' positive attitudes toward their organizations.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.81-81
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• 2022

Recently, many studies on big data based smart farming have been conducted. Research to quantify morphological characteristics using image data from various crops in smart farming is underway. Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. Much research has been done to predict and model rice crop yield production. The number of productive tillers per plant is one of the important agronomic traits associated with the grain yield of rice crop. However, modeling the basic growth characteristics of rice requires accurate data measurements. The existing method of measurement by humans is not only labor intensive but also prone to human error. Therefore, conversion to digital data is necessary to obtain accurate and phenotyping quickly. In this study, we present an image-based method to predict leaf number and evaluate tiller number of individual rice crop using YOLOv5 deep learning network. We performed using various network of the YOLOv5 model and compared them to determine higher prediction accuracy. We ako performed data augmentation, a method we use to complement small datasets. Based on the number of leaves and tiller actually measured in rice crop, the number of leaves predicted by the model from the image data and the existing regression equation were used to evaluate the number of tillers using the image data.