• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 1997

Rear floating junction cell (RFJC), using the buried contact technology, is capable of eliminating the efficiency limitations on the single sided cells by providing betterear surface passivation. The implementation of this structure, is simpler and lower in cost and therefore viable for commercial production. However, the contributions, due to damages in the two sets of grooves, to the total dark saturation current density has limited the achievable efficiency of the RFJC to only 21.5 %. This Paper reports on the efficiency estimates of RFJC using PC-1D.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1571-1584
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• 2023

In this study, a numerical analysis was performed as part of an international joint research project to reproduce a real cable tray fire that occurred in the heater bay area of the turbine building of a nuclear power plant. A sensitivity analysis was performed on various input parameters to derive results consistent with the sprinkler activation time obtained from the fire event analysis. For all sensitive parameters, the normalized sprinkler activation time correlated well with the power function of the normalized sprinkler height. A correlation equation was developed to identify the sprinkler activation time at any location when determining the slope or fire growth rate under the conditions assuming a linear or t-squared heat release rate (HRR) time curve. Various cable fire growth assumptions were used to determine which assumption was better to provide the prediction coincident with the information given from the fire event analysis in terms of the sprinkler activation time and total energy generated from cables damaged by fire. In the comprehensive analysis of all the sensitive parameters, the standard deviation of the input parameters increased as the sprinkler height decreased. Within the range of the sensitivity parameter values given in this study, when considering all sprinkler heights, the standard deviation of the cable model change was the largest and that of the overhang position change was the smallest.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2024

Considering the continuous growth in the production and consumption of Gastrodia elata, it's crucial to accurately understand the consumer demand for Gastrodia elata products and develop health products tailored to consumer preferences. In this study, we surveyed 400 consumers each from South Korea and China to gauge their perceptions and buying intentions concerning Gastrodia elata products. The results revealed that Korean consumers predominantly evaluate Gastrodia elata products based on health consciousness, whereas Chinese consumers emphasize the product's external characteristics. In Korea, Gastrodia elata products are mainly promoted for their health benefits and are primarily consumed in ingestible forms. In contrast, in China, Gastrodia elata is frequently used as a culinary ingredient. These findings underscore that consumer perceptions and buying intentions can differ depending on how a product is advertised and presented. Future studies should take into account the evolving international Gastrodia elata market and the surging demand, incorporating diverse countries and cities. It will also be imperative to maintain ongoing monitoring, drawing insights from the industrial growth drive model.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to make growth and yield models of sowthistle (Ixeris dentata Nakai) by using an expolinear functional equation in a closed-type plant production system. The growth and yield of hydroponically-grown sowthistle were investigated under four different planting distances ($15{\times}10$, $15{\times}15$, $15{\times}20$, and $15{\times}25$ cm). Shoot dry weights per plant was the highest at $15{\times}25$ cm, but was the lowest at $15{\times}10$ cm. Shoot dry weights per area was the highest at $15{\times}15$ cm, but was the lowest at $15{\times}25$ cm. The optimum planting density and planting distance for yield of sowthistle were 44 plants/$m^2$ and $15{\times}15$ cm, respectively. Shoot dry weights per plant and per area were showed as an expolinear type functional equation. A linear relationship between shoot dry and fresh weights was observed to be linear regardless of the planting distance. Crop growth rate, relative growth rate and lost time in an expolinear functional equation showed quadratic function form. Radiation use efficiency of sowthistle was $4.3-6.1g{\cdot}MJ^{-1}$. The measured and estimated shoot dry weights showed a good agreement using days after transplanting as input data. It is concluded that the expolinear growth model can be a useful tool for quantifying the growth and yield of sowthistle in a closed-type plant production system.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.308-316
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• 2019

Electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD) is a conventional method to fabricate thermal barrier coating (TBC) of high temperature airfoil engine parts, such as blade etc. for its high temperature structural stability from the nature of columnar growth behavior. For the high quality of TBC by EBPVD, the structural factors, such as growth behavior, thickness uniformity and so on, should be managed to obtain the coating which satisfied the required specifications of usable level of mechanical and thermal properties. In this study, the growth behavior and structure variations of 7YSZ (7 wt% yttria stabilized zirconia) coatings with different configurational deposition parameters for the specimens which have turbine blade shape mock-up were investigated. Growth behavior of coatings were studied by comparing computational modeling of evaporation behavior with actual deposition process using e-beam source.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.5
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• pp.650-662
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• 2001

The growth and yield models for five different kinds of natural forest types were systemically developed in the natural Broadleaved-Korean pine Forests in Northeast China. The data were collected from 359 temporary plots and 58 permanent plots with area ranged from 0.06 ha to 1.0 ha, ranging in stand age from 43 to 364 years. The Site Class Index (SCI) was introduced to evaluate site quality and the Crown Competition Factor (CCF) was selected as a measure of stand density for the mixed natural forest. The Chapman-Richards function was adopted to develop SCI equation and height-diameter curve. The Schumacher growth function was selected as base model to develop the DBH, basal area, and stand volume growth models by using re-parameterized method. In modeling mean DBH and basal area growth, it was found that the asymptotic parameter A of Schumacher function was exponentially related to site quality (SCI) and stand density (CCF). The rate parameter k was related to stand density and it was independent of SCI. Several validation measures for predicted stand variables were evaluated in the growth and yield models using independent data sets. The results indicated that relative mean errors (RME) in predicted stand attributes were less than ${\pm}5%$ and the estimated precision values of the stand variables were all greater than 95%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.364-371
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• 2019

This study was conducted to provide the basic information for a reasonable forest management plan and sustainable forest management by developing a dominant tree height growth model using diameter at breast height (DBH) and site index curves for Pinus densiflora and Chamaecyparis obtusa growing in Jeolla-do. The altitude, slope, orientation, soil type, height and DBH of a dominant tree, and the ages of trees were measured for 3055 Pinus densiflora trees (611 plots) and 3345 Chamaecyparis obtusa trees (699 plots), and these data were used to develop a customized afforestation map. In the dominant tree height growth model, the relationship to DBH was used in the Petterson, Michailow, and log equations. Also, a dominant tree height growth model in relationship to age used the Chapman-Richards, Schumacher, and Gompertz equations. The Petterson equation, which has a lower mean square error, was used to model dominant tree height growth in relationship to DBH. In the model of dominant tree height growth in relationship to age, three kinds of equations were considered to have little statistical difference. Therefore, the Chapman-Richards equation was chosen for modeling on the national level. Thirtyyears was used as the base age, which is an important factor for estimating the site index curves. In the results, a more varied range of site index family curves with 6-18 was developed for Pinus densiflora, and with 6-22 for Chamaecyparis obtusa. As the new site index curves indicated influences on growth of Pinus densiflora and Chamaecyparis obtusa, a reasonable forest management plan will be possible in the future for Jeolla-do.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.335-345
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to model the kinetics of S. aureus survival on high risk foods in school foodservice operations. After inoculating S. aureus ATCC25923 onto the various high risk foods, the effects of competitive microorganism, storage temperatures($25^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$), and initial contamination levels ($1.0{\times}10^2\;CFU/g$, $1.0{\times}10^5\;CFU/g$) on the growth of S. aureus were investigated. Lag time decreased and specific growth rate increased with a storage temperature ($25^{\circ}C$<$35^{\circ}C$) and with a higher initial inoculation level ($1.0{\times}10^2\;CFU/g$<$1.0{\times}10^5\;CFU/g$). Previously it was shown that S. aureus is a weaker competitor than other organisms, but it proliferates aggressively in a noncompetitive environment. However, in our study, when S. aureus was used to inoculate japchae (glass noodles with sauteed vegetables) and meat ball, the growth of S. aureus was similar and more active with competitive organisms than that without competitive organisms. Regardless of other factors, the initial level of S. aureus was a more significant factor of the growth. High inoculation levels of S. aureus were reached at 6 log CFU/g within 3 hours. An incubation temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ and the animal protein component of menu items also were identified as significant factors influencing the growth of S. aureus. Therefore, the duration of time meals are stored before serving should be considered a critical control point. Food service providers must control time and temperature to insure the safety of cooked foods.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.106-110
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• 2016

In this study, a planting density-growth-harvest (PGH) chart was developed to easily read the growth and harvest factors such as crop growth rate, relative growth rate, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, harvesting time, marketable rate, and marketable yield of common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.). The plants were grown in a nutrient film technique (NFT) system in a closed-type plant factory using fluorescent lamps with three-band radiation under a light intensity of $140{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and a photoperiod of 12 h. Growth and yield were analyzed under four planting densities ($15{\times}10cm$, $15{\times}15cm$, $15{\times}20cm$, and $15{\times}25cm$). Shoot fresh and dry weights per plant increased at a higher planting density until reached an upper limit and yield per area was also same tendency. Crop growth rate, relative growth rate and lost time were described using quadratic equation. A linear relationship between shoot dry weight and fresh weights was observed. PGH chart was constructed based on the growth data and making equations. For instance, with within row spacing (= 20 cm) and fresh weight per plant at harvest (= 100 g), we can estimate all the growth and harvest factors of common ice plant. The planting density, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, lost time, shoot dry weight per plant, harvesting time, and yield were $33plants/m^2$, $20g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, $0.27g{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, 22 days, 2.5 g/plant, 26 days after transplanting, and $3.2kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$, respectively. With this chart, we could easily obtain the growth factors such as planting density, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, lost time and the harvest factors such as shoot fresh and dry weights, harvesting time, marketable rate, and marketable yield with at least two parameters, for instance, planting distance and one of harvest factors of plant. PGH charts will be useful tools to estimate the growth and yield of crops and to practical design of a closed-type plant production system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1632-1637
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• 2006

We studied the changes in biochemical markers of bone metabolism in growing Thoroughbred horses. Serum osteocalcin (OC), as a marker for bone formation, and carboxy-terminal propeptide of type-I collagen (PICP), as a marker for bone formation, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (ICTP), as a marker for bone resorption, were determined in nine clinically healthy horses from 3 d to 17 mo of age. The BW and withers height (WH) increased during the study. On the other hand, a rapid reduction in body weight gain (BWG) was observed between 1 mo and 9 mo of age and a rapid reduction in withers height gain was observed between 1 mo and 5 mo of age. The serum markers decreased significantly with increasing age. In particular, dramatic changes in serum markers occurred between 3 d to 1 wk and 5 to 7 mo of age in these horses, which suggests that bone turnover rapidly decreased after birth. On the other hand, the ratio of PICP to ICTP decreased through the experiment. This result suggests that the reduction in bone formation exceeded that of bone resorption. There was a significant correlation between markers and growth parameters, except for the correlation between PICP and BWG on single linear regression analysis. Serum OC and ICTP were affected by the WH in multiple linear regression analysis. These results indicated that the age-related variation in serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism reflected bone growth, but neither BW nor BWG. Therefore, we consider that changes in bone modeling are the major factor affecting the levels of serum biochemical markers by 17 mo of age in horses.