• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.353-357
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• 2001

Differential response of genotypes to temporal environmental heterogeneity may contribute to the long-term persistence of these genotypes within a population. In this experiment, we experimentally tested whether groups by season interactions for germination and seedling growth can explain genetic variability within the population. To determine whether seeds collected during the four seasons respond differentially to temperature treatments, two-way ANOVA was performed. This study indicates that seasonal environments have large effects on demography. Groups within populations respond differentially to seasonal environments by influencing population growth that may in turn influence community composition. Most importantly, the study showed that temporal heterogeneity in the environment might functions as a mechanism that maintains within-population genetic diversity.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2011

The many cities are changing in the city form where the person and nature are mixed. Namely, the government invests many expense in tree field of distance space for the change in the green city. In this paper, we design and implement a tree growth management system using PDA built in 13.56MHz RFID reader and CBD(Component Based Development) for ubiquitous computing environments. Our system provides history management to increase business efficiency for location coordinate of tree and history information of tree which using RFID, the RFlD tag is attaching the new tree and that is inputting GPS location information in PDA and provides tree information of tree by location coordinate to history management. Finally, we show from a performance analysis that our system achieves about 85% average tree read rate of RFID under test scenario environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 1999

Indoor environments are usually less than optimal for the growth of ferns, especially in regards to the water condition. These studies were performed to investigate responses involved in causing growth of ferns and presume management plan against the water deficit under indoor conditions. The effect of air humidity and soil moisture on the ferns was examined in Adiantume raddianum and Selaginella kraussiana. Results of experiments are as follows; 1. Under a low humidity condition, having a 25-50% RH. ornamental value of ferns decreased much more than under a 90% RH. Under a low soil moisture, such as sand treatment, ornamental value of ferns also decreased. 2. Leaf chlorophyll content, water content and stomata situations increased as air humidity and soil moisture went up. 3. Even if air humidity and soil water were not enough for ferns growth, the extending of irrigation cycle was helpful. 4. Under extremely low air humidity conditions, some water management, namely, using water holding soil or extending of irrigation cycle was desirable. Other methods of increasing air humidity, including water instruments such as ornamental pools, waterfalls, or fountains, grouping plants together were also helpful. But spraying water on leaves increased injury to ferns growth because of excess evaporation from the leaves. Though these studies, we learn that ferns are susceptible to water condition such as air humidity, soil water and water management. If other environmental factos are maintained with optimal conditions, water condition plays an important role in ferns growth in indoor environments.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2024

Paecilomyces tenuipes (P. tenuipes) is a fungus cultivated artificially by South Korean researchers, utilizing rice bran as its substrate. The increased demand for this fungus has not been met with successful cultivation methods for fruiting body production in natural environments. Therefore, we tested the effect on the growth of P. tenuipes using a Solid media based on pests. In this results, the Solid media based on M.alternatus was effective in increasing the growth of P. tenuipes and the content of cordycepin. Moreover, we confirmed the conditions for manufacturing a Solid media based on M.alternatus for P. tenuipes growth. We suggested that the growth-promoting compounds offers valuable insights for optimizing fungal cultivation conditions, thereby enhancing productivity and contributing to a broader understanding of fungal physiology in varying nutritional environments.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2006

Accurate and efficient monitoring of dynamically changing environments is one of the most important requirements for ubiquitous network environments. Ubiquitous computing provides intelligent environments which are aware of spatial conditions and can provide timely and useful information to users or devices. Also, the growth of embedded systems and wireless communication technology has made it possible for sensor network environments to develop on a large scale and at low-cost. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a monitoring system that collects, analyzes, and controls the status information of each sensor, following sensor data extracted from each sensor node. The monitoring system adopts Web technology for the implementation of a simple but efficient user interface that allows an operator to visualize any of the processes, elements, or related information in a convenient graphic form.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.38.2-38.2
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• 2019

In the history of universe, galaxies are consistently affected by surrounding medium and neighbor galaxies. These effects control galaxy evolution, making properties of galaxies diverse and dependent on environments. We investigate environments of various types of galaxies and how they affect galaxy properties, such as bar structures and galaxy sizes, etc. First, we present the observational evidence that bars can form from a cluster-cluster interaction. The evidence indicates that bars can form due to a large-scale violent phenomenon, and cluster-cluster interaction should be considered as an important channel for bar formation. Second, we discover for the first time that local early-type galaxies heavier than 1011.2 Msol show a clear environmental dependence in mass-size relation, in such a way that galaxies are as much as 20 - 40% larger in densest environments than in underdense environments. This result suggests that mergers played a significant role in the growth of massive galaxies in dense environments as expected in theory. Lastly, we investigate environments of the most massive galaxies and extremely massive quasars. By doing so, we find that massive galaxies are a much better signpost for galaxy clusters than massive quasars.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.172-183
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• 2009

For the effects of the nonlinear temperature profiles and reduced-gravity conditions we conduct a two-dimensional numerical modeling and simulations on the physical vapor transport processes of $Hg_2Cl_2-Xe$ system in the horizontal orientation position. Our results reveal that: (1) A decrease in aspect ratio from 5 to 2 leads to an increasingly nonuniform interfacial distribution and enhances the growth rate by one-order magnitude for normal gravity and linear wall temperature conditions. (2) Increasing the molecular weight of component B, Xenon results in a reduction in the effect of solutal convection. (3) The effect of aspect ratio affects the interfacial growth rates significantly under normal gravity condition rather than under reduced gravitational environments. (4) The transition from the convection-dominated regime to the diffusion-dominated regime ranges arises near at 0.1g$_0$ for operation conditions under consideration in this study.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.893-902
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to survey structures and growth conditions of Pinus densiflora village groves, and to establish management strategies for their desirable growth and conservation. Twelve village groves were selected in western Gangwon province for the study. The age of the study groves ranged from 50 to 200 years. Average dbh (diameter at breast height) and density of trees for each study grove were 27~52cm and 0.5~9.3 trees/$100m^2$, respectively. Soil environments were favorable to Pinus densiflora growth in the majority of the study groves, but 2 study groves with sandy soils showed considerably poor nutrient contents. Low tree vitality was found in some of the study groves due to poor conditions of root growth from soil fill and trampling. There were detachment of cambial tissue and damage of stem cavity at 6 study groves, which were caused by artificial injury, careless pruning, and frost damage. Light disease damage by Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii and phomopsis blight were found at 6 study groves. Light pest damage by Thecodiplosis japonensis was also found at 6 study groves, but the pest damage at 2 study groves was relatively considerable. Thus, major factors limiting normal growth of Pinus densiflora village groves were infertility, soil fill and trampling, stem damage, and disease and pest. Desirable management strategies were explored to solve growth-related problems and to conserve the study groves. The management strategies included fertilization of organic matter and lime, removal of soil fill, soil plowing and graveling, wood-trail installation or woodchip mulching, supply of wood fences and protective frames, surgical operation for damaged stems, vitality enhancement, and trunk injection to improve growth environments or control stem damage and disease/pest.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.507-519
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study analyzed the growth characteristics, in relation to the soil moisture content, of trees planted in an environment with limited soil depth to provide the baseline data for effective irrigation management. Methods: The experimental treatment was divided into soil moisture contents (SMC) of 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, and 1%, and the respective watering times were set accordingly. As for plant materials, Nandina domestica, Euonymus alatus, Thuja occidentalis, Hibiscus syriacus, Pinus densiflora, and Pyracantha angustifolia, were chosen for this study, because they are highly likely to be used in urban street environments. Results: The minimum irrigation point suitable for each species was determined by considering various aspects of visual quality and water efficiency in terms of plant growth, including characteristics such as height, root diameter, rootlet development, and weight. Our results indicate that N. domestica should be watered so that the moisture content of the soil is of at least 5%, based on the balance between the stem and roots, as well as on visual quality. E. alatus and P. angustifolia are suitable for watering that results in at least 10% SMC, considering the height, root growth, weight, and visual quality of plants. As for T. occidentalis, it showcases moderate growth with a soil moisture content of at least 5%. Finally, the minimum irrigation time required to obtain 15% SMC is appropriate, in terms of plant growth, fresh weight, and visual quality, for H. syriacus and P. densiflora. Conclusion: This study suggested a basic irrigation guideline for container gardens where trees planted in environments with limited soil depth can be managed so that they are visually appropriate and in good condition of growth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Professional Engineer Association Conference
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• 1983.12a
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• pp.74-77
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• 1983

To attain the rich and comfortable human living, much development and economic growth are needed. But the radical development destroys natural environments or resources, and also the life environments are destroyed. How to maintain the balance between development and environments forms an important problem. Since 1955, a great deal of damage has been done to human being by the pollution of air, water or noise in Japan, for example, Minamata-byo (1956), arsenical poisoning by mkil (1955), Cd-I taiitai-byo (1955), asthma by air pollution, etc. Now, there are over 100,000 sick persons suffering from pollution in Japan. To prevent the pollution, the first act was made 1967, the kind of which were defined as follow:air, water, soil, noise, vibration ground subsidence, and bad smell. Laws on these were established 1970∼1981, and the environments here ave gradually being improved. The mentioned above gituation necsesitates the measuring or chemical analysis of pollution data, but the many cost is necessary to obtain such data. The special environment measuring certifier was needed and the Measurement Law was amended 1974. Some comment will be given of the present condition of environmental measuring certifier.