• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3675-3680
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate the expression of endogenous hypoxia-related markers identified as being involved in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). Methods: We performed immunohistochemical staining of hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on tissue sections of 25 VSCC patients, 10 vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) patients and 12 healthy controls. Results: HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression was found in all sections, with no significant difference between controls, VIN and VSCC sections (all P<0.05). Glut-1 expression was found in 25% of control, 90% of VIN and 100% of VSCC sections. A significant difference between control and VIN or VSCC was observed (all P<0.05), while no difference was found between VIN and VSCC sections (P>0.05). CA-9 expression was negative in control sections, but it was found in 30% of VIN sections and 52% of VSCC sections with strong staining. Similarly, CA-9 expression also showed obvious differences between controls and VIN or VSCC sections (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between VIN and VSCC (P>0.05). There were only 25% of control sections with weak VEGF expression, while strong staining was found in about 60% of VIN sections and 25% of VSCC sections (all P<0.05). In addition, a difference was also found between VIN and VSCC sections (P<0.05). Conclusion: Expression of endogenous hypoxia markers (HIF-$1{\alpha}$, GLUT-1, CA-9 and VEGF) might be involved in the malignant progression of VSCC.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.33-33
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• 2017

Water stress obstructs rice growth mainly by oxidative damage in biological cells to cause a reduction of leaf photosynthesis and evapotranspiration processes. In this study, exogenous application of vanillic acid (VA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) to improve drought tolerance of two Oryza sativa cultivars, Q2 and Q8 was tested. The drought evaluation based on leaf phenotypes to show that both Q2 and Q8 resulted in remarkable water-stress tolerance induced by leaf spraying pretreatment of mixed solution of $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$. The mixtures of $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treated on Q2 and Q8 in water deficit condition also indicated that total phenols, total flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly greater their controls. In general, the accumulation of individual phenolic acids was increased in exogenous phenolic treatments, as compared with controls. Particularly, Q2 obtained a considerable amount of endogenous PHBA after application of $50{\mu}M\;VA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ (0.18 mg/g DW, 0.71 mg/g DW, and 1.41 mg/g DW, respectively); and a negligible content of VA (0.003 mg/g DW) appeared uniquely in the treatment of $50{\mu}M\;VA$. Similarly, Q8 also absorbed a significant quantity of PHBA in $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treatments (0.15 mg/g DW, 0.15 mg/g DW, and 0.22 mg/g DW, respectively). In addition, the spraying $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ on Q8 leaves induced similar amount of VA (0.04 mg/g DW). Meanwhile, there were no trace of VA and PHBA found in controls. The levels of drought tolerance of Q2 and Q8 were improved, paralleled with the increased amounts of endogenous phenolics revealed that VA and PHBA played an important role to enhance drought tolerance in rice.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1980

홍삼 정(精) 600 mg/Kg diet, 홍삼 분(粉) 1,200 mg/Kg diet, 홍삼 차(茶) 6,000 mg/Kg diet와 홍삼 정 기준군의 5배, 10배, 20배에 해당되는 양으로써, 홍삼 정 3.000 mg/Kg diet, 홍삼 정 6,000 mg/Kg diet, 홍삼 정 12,000 mg/Kg diet의 과량을 각각 정상 식이에 첨가하여 이유 후의 체중 $76{\sim}81\;g$정도의 Sprague-Dawley strain의 웅성(雄性) 백쥐 42마리를 6마리씩 7군으로 나누어 10주간 사육하였다. 10주 사육 후에 체중 증가율, 사료 효율, 장기무게 hematocrit value, serum cholesterol 농도, serum GOT, GPT 활성 등을 측정하여 정상식이군과 비교한 결과 체중 증가율, 시료 효율, 장기 무게, hematocrit value 등은 모두 정상 식이군에 비해서 실험군이 통계적인 유의차를 보이지 않았으며, S-cholesterol 농도 및 S-GPT 활성은 실험군이 정상 식이군에 비해 다소 낮은 경향이였으나, 통계적인 유의차는 없었고, S-GOT 활성은 홍삼 정 10배군 만이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으나, 그의 모든 실험군은 정상 식이군에 비해 통계적으로 유의차가 없었다. 백쥐 각 군의 간, 신장, 비장등의 조직 세포를 검사한 결과 하등의 이상 조직을 발견하지 못하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3939-3944
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• 2014

Background: To elucidate the role of rapamycin and PF4 on apoptosis regulation via Bax (pro-apoptosis), Bcl-2 (anti-apoptosis) and survivin activation on the growth in the 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea-induced invasive breast carcinoma model. Materials and Methods: Thirty five female Sprague Dawley rats at age 21-day old were divided into 4 groups; Group 1 (control, n=10), Group 2 (PF4, n=5), Group 3 (rapamycin, n=10) and Group 4 (rapamycin+PF4, n=10). MNU was administered intraperitionally, dosed at 70mg/kg body weight. The rats were treated when the tumors reached the size of $14.5{\pm}0.5mm$ and subsequently sacrificed after 5 days. Rapamycin and PF4 were administered as focal intralesional injections at the dose of $20{\mu}g$/lesion. The tumor tissue was then subjected to histopathological examinations for morphological appraisal and immunohistochemical assessment of the pro-apoptotic marker, Bax and anti-apoptotic markers, Bcl-2 and survivin. Results: The histopathological pattern of the untreated control cohort showed that the severity of the malignancy augments with mammary tumor growth. Tumors developing in untreated groups were more aggressive whilst those in treated groups demonstrated a transformation to a less aggressive subtype. Combined treatment resulted in a significant reduction of tumor size without phenotypic changes. Bax, the pro-apoptotic marker, was significantly expressed at higher levels in the rapamycin-treated and rapamycin+PF4-treated groups compared to controls (p<0.05). Consequently, survivin was also significantly downregulated in the rapamycin-treated and rapamycin+PF4-treated group and this was significantly different when compared to controls (p). Conclusions: In our rat model, it could be clearly shown that rapamycin specifically affects Bax and survivin signaling pathways in activation of apoptosis. We conclude that rapamycin plays a critical role in the induction of apoptosis in MNU-induced mammary carcinoma.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.328-333
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• 1983

수도기계이앙재배를 위한 상자육묘에 있어서 발생하기 쉬운 입고병이나 생리적 장해인 뜸묘를 방지하기 위한 예방적 기술대책으로서 3-Hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole(상품명 : 다찌가렌)을 비롯한 채소의 로균병방제약제인 SF 8002와 벼의 도열병방제약제인 Isoprothiolane(상품명 : 후지왕)등을 상토 또는 육묘중에 처리함으로서 입고병과 뜸묘의 발생억제효과와 함께, 이들 약효가 묘의 생육과 생리적 활력 증대(건묘육성)에 미치는 영향을 연구 검토한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 묘의 지상부를 절단하고 뿌리로부터 흡수된 수분이 야간에 엽초부에 있는 통도조직을 통해서 절단부에 맺치는 일필량의 다소로서 뿌리의 생리적 활력을 진단한 바 Hydroxyisoxazole 19%, SF 8002 24%, Isoprothiolane 35%, Metalayl 41%의 순으로 일필량이 많았다. 2. 20일묘의 뿌리를 절제 사경재배조건에 삽식하여 활착과 관련이 있는 신근발생량을 보면 약제처리에 의한 신근의 발근력이 크게 증가하였으며, 신근발근력과 일필량간에는 고도의 정의 유의상관 관계를 인정할 수 있었다. 3. 35일묘를 대상으로 묘를 뽑아 수평으로 높이고 뿌리를 포수상태로 흡수시키면서 지상부의 굴기력을 측정한 바, 공시약제간 차이는 있으나 무처리에 비해 현저히 빠른 것으로 보아 이들 약제처리에 의한 묘의 활착력이 크게 증대됨을 확인할 수 있다. 4. 광합성능력과 직접 관계가 깊은 기공의 개도에 의한 절단한 지상부의 수분감소율의 추이를 보면 Hydroxyisoxazole 및 SF 8002 처리구가 다같이 수분감소율이 큰 것으로 보아 생리활성의 증대가 큰 것으로 해석되었다. 5. 파종후 20일묘를 립모상태하에서 지상부를 절단한 후 지상부의 재생능력을 보면 Isoprothiolane을 제외한 다른 약제처리에서 다같이 높았으며, 특히 SF 8002 및 Metalaxyl이 현저하였다. 6. 이들 살균제처리구는 묘의 생리적 장해인 뜸묘의 방제효과가 뚜렷하였으며, 이같은 효과는 앞에서 지적한 바와 같이 이들 약제가 가지는 생육조절작용으로서의 생리적 활력 증대가 뜸묘의 발생을 예방적으로 방제하는 간접효과라고 해석된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.393-402
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• 1995

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive values of supplemental L-lysine, liquid and powder type, and DL-methionine in weanling pigs. For feeding trial, 165 weanling pigs were treated in 2 controls; 18 and 16% CP, 6 supplementations of lysine alone to 16% CP diets; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% of liquid and powder type each, and 3 supplementations of lysine + methionine to 15% CP diets; 0.05 + 0.025, 0.1 + 0.05 and 0.2 + 0.1%. Pigs were fed for 5 week to investigate the protein sparing effect of supplemental amino acid, and the optimal supplemental level. A metabolic trial included the measurements of digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, energy, phosphorus and amino acids. The liver acinar cell culture was conducted for the protein synthesis activity of the pigs fed each experimental diet. Supplementation of both type of L-lysine in 16% CP diet showed improved daily weight gain and feed efficiency which were compatible with those of pigs fed 18% CP diet. Groups fed liquid lysine did not differ from those fed powder type in growth performance. Supplementation of lysine and methionine to 15% CP diet did not improve growth performance of pigs to the extent that 18% CP diet was fed. In nutrient digestibility, 16% CP control diet showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower crude protein digestibility than any other treatments. Digestibilities of 16% CP diets with lysine supplementation were equal to that of 18% CP control, while digestibilities of 15% CP diets with the supplementation of lysine + methionine was inferior to that of 18% CP control. Supplementation of lysine alone reduced the nitrogen excretion compared to the none supplemented control groups. However, addition of lysine + methionine excreted more nitrogen than controls. Pigs fed diet supplemented with lysine alone, or lysine + methionine excreted less fecal phosphorus than those fed none supplemetation. Retained protein from liver tissue of pigs fed 18% diet was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than those fed 16% CP diet. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in physical type of lysine. Feeding of powder type showed less secreted protein and greater retained protein in the culture of liver acinar cell. It is concluded that supplementation of lysine at the level of 0.1 to 0.2% can spare 2% of dietary protein and reduce nitrogen excretion by 19.3%. Also, no difference in nutritional values was observed between liquid and powder lysine in weanling pigs.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.159-159
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• 2017

Drought, a common environmental constraint, induces a range of physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants, and can cause severe reductions in crop yield. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance is an important step towards crop biotechnology. Here, we report that the rice (Oryza sativa) homeodomain-leucine zipper class IV transcription factor gene, ${\underline{R}ice}$ ${\underline{o}utermost}$ ${\underline{c}ell-specific}$ gene 10 (Roc10), enhances drought tolerance and grain yield by increasing lignin accumulation in ground tissues. Overexpression of Roc10 in rice significantly increased drought tolerance at the vegetative stages of growth and promoted both more effective photosynthesis and a reduction in water loss rate, compared with non-transgenic controls or RNAi transgenic plants. Importantly, Roc10 overexpressing plants had a higher drought tolerance at the reproductive stage of growth and a higher grain yield compared with the controls under field-drought conditions. Roc10 is mainly expressed in outer cell layers including the epidermis and the vasculature of the shoots, which coincides with areas of cell wall lignification. Roc10 overexpression elevated the expression levels of lignin biosynthetic genes in shoots, with a concomitant increase in the accumulation of lignin, while the overexpression and RNAi lines showed opposite patterns of lignin accumulation. We identified downstream target genes of Roc10 by performing RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq analyses of shoot tissues. Roc10 was found to directly bind to the promoter of PEROXIDASEN/PEROXIDASE38, a key gene in lignin biosynthesis. Together, our findings suggest that Roc10 confers drought stress tolerance by promoting lignin biosynthesis in ground tissues.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2007

본 시험은 illite의 사료적 가치를 평가하기 위하여 illite를(0, 0.5, 1.0 및 2.0%) 삼원교잡종($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$, 평균체중 $68.3{\pm}1.6 kg$) 비육돈 48두를 공시한 후 50일간 급여하여 증체량, 사료섭취량, 육등급과 도체율, 육의 pH, 육색, 지방색 및 지방산 함량을 분석하였다. 일당증체량과 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율은 illite를 첨가함으로서 증가하는 경향이지만 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 도체중량과 도체율 및 등지방두께는 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 A등급 출현율은 illite를 1.0% 첨가함으로서 대조구에 비하여 크게 증가하였다. 육의 수분, 조단백질 및 조회분 함량은 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 차이는 없었으나 조지방 함량은 illite를 1.0% 첨가할 경우 다른 처리구에 비하여 낮았다. 육의 pH는 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 5.55-5.68로 차이는 없었고 lllite의 첨가수준이 높을수록 육색의 명도($L^*$) 값은 낮았으며, 적색도($a^*$)와 황색도($b^*$) 값은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 불포화지방산인 palmitoleic acid와 linoleic acid는 illite 1.0%구에서 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), illite를 0.5-1.0% 급여함으로서 포화지방산 함량은 낮았고, 불포화지방산 함량은 높게 나타났다(p<0.05).

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.270-273
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• 2022

느타리 재배에서 비트펄프를 대체하여 밀짚펠렛을 첨가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 처리 간 화학성은 pH 4.8~5.5, 총 탄소함량 45.9~46.5%, 총질소함량 1.5~1.7%로 밀짚펠렛의 대체첨가량이 증가할수록 pH는 높아지고 총탄소함량과 총질소함량은 대조구와 유사하거나 낮아지는 경향이 있었으며, 탄질비는 27.8~31.0로 대조구에 비해 유사하거나 높게 나타났다. 처리 간 균사생장은 '흑타리'의 경우 밀짚펠렛을 20% 대체첨가한 C처리구에서 88.2 mm로 대조구(83.7 mm)에 비해 빠른 균사생장을 보였고, '수한1호'는 모든 처리구에서 70.3~79.6 mm로 대조구(69.1 mm)에 비해 균사생장이 빨랐으며, 밀짚펠렛의 첨가량이 증가할수록 균사생장이 빠른 경향을 보였다. 균사밀도는 처리 간 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 자실체는 '흑타리'의 경우 밀짚펠렛을 10% 대체첨가한 A처리구에서 병 당 수량 177.1 g, 병 당 유효경수 22.5개로 대조구와 대등하였고, '수한1호' 또한 A처리구에서 병당 수량 151.2 g, 병 당 유효경수 14.0개로 대조구와 대등한 수준이었다. 따라서 느타리 재배 시 비트펄프를 대체하기 위한 밀짚펠렛의 첨가량은 10%가 적절함을 확인하였으며, 첨가비율을 높이기 위해 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2015

본 연구는 수요가 확대되고 있는 산부추를 대상으로 환경조절(온도, 차광수준)에 따른 산부추의 발아반응과 초기생장을 조사하여 산부추의 생산량 증대와 증식기술 개발에 활용하고자 수행하였다. 발아 실험은 저온습윤 처리기간(0, 20, 40, 60일)과 온도(5, 10, 15, 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$)를 조절하였고 생육시험은 용기(128구, 200구)와 차광수준(전광(대조구) 및 35%, 50%, 75% 차광)을 달리하여 수행하였다. 발아율은 저온습윤 처리 20일의 $10^{\circ}C$에서 81.7%로 가장 높았으며, 온도가 높아질수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 용기 및 차광을 달리한 조건에서 산부추의 생장특성은 128구와 200구의 50% 차광에서 초장, 엽면적, 엽장, L/W이 각각 24.2cm, $2.76cm^2$, 22.3cm, 223.4와 22.6cm, $2.29cm^2$, 19.4cm, 190.5로 양호한 생장을 보였으며, 뿌리는 전광에서 좋은 생장을 보인것으로 나타났다. 특히, 지상부의 생중량의 경우에는 128구와 200구 모두 50% 차광에서 0.241g과 0.212g로 높았다. 종합해보면 산부추 종자는 발아율 향상을 위해서는 20~40일의 저온습윤 처리가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 생육 시에는 50% 차광을 유지하는 것이 산부추의 좋은 생장과 생산량 증대에 보다 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.