• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.268-275
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• 2006

ALA (5-aminolevulinic acid) has been proposed as a tetrapyrrole-dependent photodynamic herbicide by the action of the protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (Protox IX). A study was conducted to determine photodynamic herbicidal effect of ALA on seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi) under dry and wet conditions. ALA effect on early plant growth of rice and barnyardgrass was greatly concentration dependant, suggesting that it promotes plant growth at very low concentration and inhibits at high concentration. No significant difference in herbicidal activity of biologically and synthetically produced ALAs on plant lengths of test plants was observed ALA exhibited significant photodynamic activity regardless of PSDIP and its duration. Significant shoot growth inhibition by ALA soaking treatment exhibited apparently, indicating that ALA absorbed through root system was translocated into shoot part of plants. ALA reduced plant heights of rice and barnyardgrass seedlings by 6% and 27%, respectively, showing more tolerant to ALA in rice under wet condition. Leaf thickness was reduced markedly by ALA with increasing of ALA concentration, due to mainly membrane destruction and severe loss of turgidity in mesophyll cells, although the epidermal was little affected. It was observed that photodynamic herbicidal activity of ALA applied by pre-and post-emergence application exhibited differently on plant species, and that the activity of ALA against susceptible plants was highly correlated with growing condition.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1990

In order to determine whether maturation inhibiting activity(MIA) in the cytoplasm of growing follicular oocytes would suppress the cleavage of the embryonal cells, the growing oocytes were fused with the 2 or 4 cell blastomeres and then examined for the nuclear phase of the fused giant cells 24 hr after culture. A significant number of the giant cells(60%) composed of growing mouse oocyte and 2 cell mouse blastomere(1/2) in interphase has contained 2 nuclei 24 hr after culture and most of the giant cells (90%) composed of the growing oocyte and 4 cell blastomere(1/4) also contained 2 nuclei after culture. The unfused blastomeres or the isolated blastomeres cultured without fusion treatment cleaved one cell cycle under the same culture condition. In contrast, the nucleus of the growing oocytes was disintegrated and the chromosome condensed when fused with 2 cell blastomere in mitosis. The growing rat oocytes also suppressed the nuclear disintegration of the mouse embryonal cells during culture. The data presented here showed that MIA in the growing mammalian oocyte inhibited the cleavage of the embryonal cells in interphase stage, but not in milosis stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2006

To get the informations of burley leaf, the chemical constituents, quality indices, leaf color and the effects of climatic factors on the physicochemical properties of leaf produced from 2000 to 2004 crop years at 6 growing areas were analysed. The average leaf chemical contents for 5 years were as follows ; nicotine 2.87%, total nitrogen 4.55%, and chlorine 0.57%. The nicotine content was low while total nitrogen was slightly high as compared with recommended contents(nicotine ; $3.0{\sim}3.5%$, total nitrogen; $4.0{\sim}4.5%$). The variations of physicochemical properties among crop years were high while those of growing areas were relatively low. The nicotine contents of upper leaves were positively correlated to the sunshine hours in June and negatively correlated to the rainfalls in June and July according to crop years. However the total nitrogen content of upper leaves were positively correlated to the rainfalls in July according to growing areas. The tan-tended colored leaves were produced under the high air temperature, drought and long sunshine weather condition while the buff-tended colored leaves were produced under the contra교 condition according to crop years. It is considered that the increasing of nicotine content of Lugs may be available to decrease the nitrogen number(nitrogen/nicotine ratio) of leaf tobacco.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.784-789
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• 2014

This work aimed to investigate the changes in the nutrient contents and antioxidant activity of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. by ripening stage, growing condition, and blanching. The crude protein content of the young leaves (3.6~4.3%) was higher than that of the mature leaves (3.1~3.9%). Higher calcium contents were observed in the greenhouse-cultivated samples (225.9~259.2 mg/100 g) compared to the field-cultivated samples (178.5~199.5 mg/100 g). The vitamin C and folate contents (18.1~83.8 and 175.8~220.2 mg/100 g, respectively) of the field-cultivated samples were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the greenhouse-cultivated samples (13.1~57.7 and 133.0~148.8 mg/100 g, respectively). The growing condition and blanching were significant factors affecting the changes in the vitamin and polyphenol contents. The ${\beta}$ carotene contents of the blanched samples increased 2.6-fold compared to those of the raw samples. The total polyphenol contents (10.2~17.1 mg/g extract) and DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=2.0{\sim}3.0mg/ml$) of the blanched samples were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the raw samples (1.8~4.3 and $IC_{50}=16.2{\sim}21.1mg/ml$, respectively).

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1997

It is identified that the diamond films grown o bias-treated (100) silicon showed different surface morphologies and film textures according to the initial applied dc bias voltage at the same growth condition. The highly oriented diamond film (HODF) was successfully grown on -200 V bias-treated silicon substrate in which the heteroepitaxial relation of $(100)_{dimond}//(100)_{si}\; and\; [110]_{diamond}//[110]_{si}$ was identified. On the contrary, the heteroepitaxial relation was considerably disturbed in the samples bias-voltage was a key factor in growing the highly oriented diamond film on (100) silicon substrate. Considering the experimental results, we proposed a new model about heteroepitaxial diamond growth on silicon, in which 9 diamond unit cell are matched with 4 silicon cells and the bond covalency of both atoms is satisfied via the intermediate layer at the interface as well.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1050-1054
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• 1990

Rutile(TiO2) single crystals were grown by FZ method. Feed rod was sintered in the longitudinal tube-shaped furnace at 135$0^{\circ}C$ and optimum growth condition was growth rate 5-8mm/hr, rotation rate 30-40rpm. When crystal was growing, atomosphere was oxidized condition, and grown single crystal was annealed at 110$0^{\circ}C$. The rutile single crystals were oriented to [001] direction and color change of single crystals were related to atmosphere, and difference of electric conductivity and resistance was due to the fact above.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2010

We investigated the growth of cucumber plants, the uptake and use of mineral nutrients, such as $NO_3$-N, $NH_4$-N, $K^+$, $Ca^{+}^{+}$, $Mg^{+}^{+}$ and $Na^+$, absorbed from media solution, and the synthesis and distribution of soluble sugars under nutrient-deficient condition. Difference in plant growth revealed after 20 days of treatment. Nitrate uptake in nutrient-deficient condition was significantly reduced compared with nutrient-normal treatment, and its distribution was primarily in petioles, stem, roots and less in leaves. In contrast, ammonium content was markedly predominated in fast growing organs, and it was significantly different in growing leaves, expanded leaves, and roots under similar growth conditions. $K^+$, lack by deficient nutrient condition, was found in growing leaves. The $Ca^{+}^{+}$ content did not show significant difference between treatments and a substantial portion of $Ca^{+}^{+}$ remained in petioles. The $Mg^{+}^{+}$ content was significantly higher in the leaves of nutrient-normal condition compared with nutrient-deficient condition while significantly lower in stem and roots. The behavior of $Na^+$ in plant was similar to $K^+$ although its content was relatively little. The highest $CO_2$ assimilation was observed in fully expanded leaves of nutrient-normal condition, which was 1.7 times higher compared with nutrient-deficient condition. The instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E) and the A/gsratio, which is an index of leaf intrinsic water use efficiency for individual leaves, was 1.2 and 1.1 times higher, respectively. The total soluble sugar (TSS) contents were highest in leaves followed by petioles, stems and roots, and in younger leaves. The growing leaves contained about 7,200 mg $kg^{-1}$ of TSS in nutrient-normal condition whereas the TSS contents in nutrient-deficient condition were not significantly different between leaves. The $Mg^{+}^{+}$ and $NH_4$- N were positively correlated with the TSS whereas $NO_3$ - N was negatively correlated.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2007

These experiment was conducted to find the superior strain selection, cultivation technique and optimum environmental condition of nameko mushroom culture using plastic container. The results was following as Mycelium of Pholiota nameko grown well at MCM and Hamada media, and its media acidity was pH 6~7. The optimum temperature condition for growing mycelium was $25^{\circ}C$. Under $15^{\circ}C$ and above $30^{\circ}C$ of temperature condition, mycelium growing speed was delayed remarkably. Among the 29 strains of nameko mushroom, the most productive strains was JNM19007, JNM19026, JNM19027 and JNM19028. The optimum media composition rate for produce fruitbody was pine sawdust 80% + wheat bran 20%. In this condition, the average fruitbody amount was 188g per 1,100cc container. The optimum post-culturing period was 50 days and mushroom sprout appeared 7 days after old mycelia removed. The suitable temperature was $12^{\circ}C$ for induce sprout, growing period was $16^{\circ}C$ and the optimum relative humidity was 95% in all culturing periods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.162-163
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.232-234
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• 2003

In this treatise, we research hardware and software for measurement of most suitable condition of the plant growth. that is part of the future oriented that plant growing system. The environment cannot offer the most suitable condition of the plant growth. so we are approached most suitable condition of the plant growth by adjustment of artificial condition of the plant growth but in theses experiment includes some fault that is subjectivity of observation. therefor we develop vision equipment and software for objective observation measurement.