• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2004

Grouting works in fractured rocks have been performed to reinforce the underground and/or to block ground water flow at the foundation site of dam, bridge and so on. For the efficient grouting design, a prior knowledge of the fracture pattern of underground area to be grouted in very important. For the practical use, aperture sizes of open fractures that will be filled up with grouting materials will be kind of valuable information. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to develop a new technique (so called "GenFT") enable to form a three dimensional image of fracture aperture density distribution from Televiewer data. For this, the study is to focus on dealing with (1) estimating aperture size of each fracture automatically from Televiewer time image, (2) mapping extension of fracture planes on a given section, (3) evaluating aperture density distribution on the section by using both aperture size and fracture face mapping result of each fracture, (4) developing an algorithm that can transfer the previous results to any arbitrary(vertical and/or horizontal) section around the borehole. Since 3D imaging means "a strategy used to form an image of arbitrarily subdivided 2D sections with aperture density distribution", it will help avoid ambiguities of fracture pattern interpretation and hence will be of practical use not only for the design and assessment of grouting works but also for various engineering works. Examples of fields experiments are illustrated. It would seem that this technique might lead to reflecting future trend in underground survey.

• 화약ㆍ발파
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 1991

It was described Several Tuneling method for applying petrolum oil storage. The most Important factor of Tunneling is not only reinforcing works such as pre-grouting and after grouting but also rock bolting and shotcrete. The efficent works should be done by professional skillman, and also the classification of rock should be decided by professional engineers.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표논문집(II)
• /
• pp.350-355
• /
• 1998

Preplaced aggregate concrete in the building fields has recently been used in the partial repair works for damaged reinforced concrete structures, and polymer-modified mortars have been employed as grouting mortars for the preplaced aggregate concrete. The objective of this study is to clear the properties of polymer-modified grouting mortars. Polymer-modified mortars using a polystyrene acrylic(St/Ac) emulsion as grouting mortars for preplaced aggregate concrete are prepared with various mix proportions, and tested for flexural and compressive strengths, adhesion in tension. The flexural strength of emulsion-modified grouting mortars does not give much variation with increasing fly ash replacement for cement and sand-binder ratio. With increasing polymer-binder ratio, the flexural strength and adhesion in tension of St/Ac emulsion-modified grouting mortars increases, become nearly constant or reaches a maximum at a polymer-binder ratio of 5%. From the test results, St/Ac emulsion-modified grouting mortar with a polymer-binder ratio of 5%, a fly ash replacement of 10% for cement and sand-binder ratio of 1.0 is recommended as a grouting mortar for preplaced aggregate concrete.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.627-634
• /
• 2002

To facilitate a drilling plan for grouting in fractured rock, an algorithm of practical use associated with a new term “fracture density distribution”or“fracture tomogram”is developed. It is well known that Televiewer data(amplitude and traveltime image) provide detailed information about not only dip and dip direction of each fracture but also its aperture size estimated by an appropriate evaluation algorithm. A selected plane section of medium around a borehole or the cross section between two boreholes is discretized into a two dimensional grid of cells(rectangular elements). As each elongated(straight) fracture passes through the cells, the corresponding aperture size value is successively summed up in each cell, depending on the fracture length segment. In this, the fracture lines can be determined by intersecting of each fracture plane with the selected plane section. If the fracture line does not pass through a particular grid element, the segment length is set to zero. The final value(aperture size value of each cell) derived from all the detected fractures constitutes the fracture density distribution of the selected plane section, Field examples are illustrated, which will prove the benefit of the suggested algorithm for several kinds of grouting works.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2019

Chemical grouting method is mainly used for construction of dams and reservoirs, stabilization and reinforcement of slopes, reinforcement of soft grounds such as embankments, dredging and landfills, the order of earthquake response method, and the reinforcement of structures. Recently, it is widely applied in construction sites such as highways, airfields, high-speed railways, subsea facilities, port construction works, tunnels, and subway works. As such, the demand for grouting continues to increase. The development of the grouting method was focused on increasing the strength of the ground, and the development of the chemical additives, the injection device, and the stirring device were mainly performed. But ordinary portland cement used for grouting is a product that consumes natural resources such as limestone, generates a large amount of greenhouse gases, consumes a large amount of energy sources, and it is time to develop products and new methods to replace them. In this study, Ordinary Portland Cement and New Grouting Binder (circulating fluidized bed boiler fly and blast furnace slag) were compared and analyzed by the following test. Homo-gel strength and homo-gel time, water quality analysis of the water used and soil contamination process tests of homo-gel samples were performed. In the case of NGB, when Using water is used as the reservoir water, the strength measured smaller than that of the other water. However, it shows about 2.5 times greater than the homo-gel compressive strength applied to OPC (7-day, reservoir water), so there is no problem with water quality when applied.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2008

Prepacked concrete has recently been used in the special constructions fields such as underwater concrete work, heavy-weight concrete work, underground structure work, partial repair works for damaged reinforced concrete structures. and polymer-modified mortars have been employed as grouting mortars for the prepacked concrete. The purpose of this study is to recommend the optimum mix design of polymer-modified grouting mortars for prepacked concrete. Polymer-modified mortars using SBR and EVA emulsions as admixture of grouting mortars for prepacked concrete are prepared with various mix proportions such as sand-binder ratio, fly ash replacement ratio, polymer-binder ratio. and tested for flowability, viscosity of grouting mortars, bleeding ratio, expansion ratio, flexural and compressive strengths of grouting mortars and compressive and tensile strengths of prepacked concretes. From the test results, it is apparent that polymer-modified mortars can be produced as grouting mortars when proper mix design is chosen. We can design the mix proportions of high strength mortars for prepacked concrete according to the control of mix design factors such as type of polymer, polymer-binder ratio, sand-binder ratio and fly ash replacement ratio. Water-binder ratio of plain mortars for a constant flowability value are in the ranges of 43% to 50%. SBR-modified mortar has a little water-binder ratios compared to those of plain mortar, however, EVA-modified mortar needs a high water-binder ratio due to a high viscosity of polymer dispersion. The expansion and bleeding ratios of grouting mortars are also controlled in the proper value ranges. Polymer-modified grouting mortars have good flexural. compressive and tensile strengths, are not affected with various properties with increasing fly ash replacement to cement and binder-sand ratio. In this study, SBR-modified grouting mortar with a polymer-binder ratio of 10% or less, a fly ash replacement of 10% to cement and a sand-binder ratio of 1.5 is recommended as a grouting mortar for prepacked concrete.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.449-456
• /
• 2000

Remediation grouting has been widely used for the rehabilitation of various civil works like hydraulic and traffic structures. Recently there were some cases of remediation grouting for repairing old dams in korea. So this study will describe the case of remediation grouting of the concrete dam base located east-northern part of Seoul. We use Lugeon Test and Borehole Image Processing System(BIPS) for estimating the effectiveness of remediation grouting of this project. As the results of this study, we could find the lots of joints between the old concrete body and the weathered rock base. So the about 30% quantity of total cement grouts was injected at the boundary surface between concrete and rock base. And Lugeon Test and BIPS could be compared relatively because BIPS results could be presented quantitatively as well as qualitative analysis. Finally, we could find microfine cement was very effectively injected to the fine fissured concrete body compared with ordinary portland cement, but there was little injectability differences beteween microfine cement and ordinary portland cement at the large cracks or cavities were developed rock base.

• 지반과기술
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2005

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.281-302
• /
• 2021

철도망 구축이 확대되는 추세 속에 도심지나 한강을 통과하기 위해 TBM 굴착공법 적용사례가 증가하고 있다. 특히, 도심지나 한강하저를 통과하는 경우 불량한 지반 및 지하수조건을 조우하게 되며 안정적인 굴진 및 커터교체(Cutter Head Intervention, CHI)를 위해서 그라우팅을 적용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 TBM 굴착공법을 적용한 철도 터널 시공 시 적용한 그라우팅에 대하여 소개하고자 한다. 특히, CHI를 위해 그라우팅을 수행한 사례에 대한 소개나 분석이 많지 않은 것으로 판단하여 CHI를 위한 그라우팅 범위산정, 수행결과, 고찰 및 제언(Lessons Learned)을 기술하고자 한다. 그라우팅은 막장안정성을 확보하는 목적이 있으며, 작업위치에 따라 지상(수직)그라우팅과 TBM 장비 내에서 수행하는 갱내 그라우팅으로 나눌 수 있다. 갱내그라우팅을 수행한 결과 공기 및 보강효과 측면에서 지상(수직) 그라우팅에 비해 비효율적이라고 판단되어 지상그라우팅으로 계획을 변경하였다. 한강하저 구간의 경우 슬러지 발생으로 인한 환경오염, 주입재 유실 등이 우려되어 고압분사그라우팅을 적용할 수 없었으며 대안으로 수중불분리 주입재를 적용한 저압그라우팅을 적용하였다. 육상구간은 지상 작업부지를 확보할 수 있어 고압분사그라우팅을 적용하였다. 실제 그라우팅을 수행한 결과를 소개함으로써 향후 쉴드 TBM을 적용한 터널 시공 중 CHI 시 지반조건에 따른 적합한 그라우팅 공법 및 방법을 결정하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권11호
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 2006

국내의 흙댐 중에서 댐코아에 함몰 및 누수가 발생한 사례가 있었는데 콤팩션그라우팅에 의하여 댐코아의 손상부위를 복원하였다. 본 연구에서는 콤팩션그라우팅에 의한 복원공사전 공사중 및 공사후에 실내 및 현장시험을 통하여 콤팩션그라우팅 효과를 평가하였다. 콤팩션그라우팅공사와 더불어 정밀한 현장조사 및 지구물리탐사를 진행하였다. 콤팩션그라우팅공사는 2000년 6월 16일부터 8월 24일까지 수행되었다. 콤팩션그라우팅공사에 의한 댐복원후에 댐코아의 누수가 감소되었다. 콤팩션그라우팅공사가 손상된 댐을 복원하는데 효과가 큰 것으로 평가되었다. 콤팩션그라우팅공법의 적용에 의하여 댐코아의 느슨하고 공간이 있는 부분을 채우게 되었고 그라우팅 처리전에 비하여 누수량이 약 96% 정도 격감되었다.