• Title/Summary/Keyword: group and individual

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교복 공동구매와 개별구매 만족도 및 재구매의도 (Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention of Individual Purchase and Co-Purchase School Uniform)

  • 장윤정;정순희;안창희
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.143-154
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    • 2008
  • This study intended to provide information which gives a way for students and their parents to be satisfied with student costume purchase by showing differences between their satisfactions and repurchasing intention according to school uniform purchase type. Total 280 questionnaires were distributed to the first year students at a private middle school in Seoul and 133 of copurchase cases and 120 individual purchase cases were collected and analyzed. The comparing results between parent satisfaction and repurchasing intention were summarized as follows. First, parent satisfaction of individual purchase and of co-purchase had been evaluated. As a result of the analysis of satisfaction by the five factors, individual parent buyers had higher satisfaction in brand, quality, design, and service except price. The largest different factor between both customers was quality satisfaction. Secondly, the individual buyers showed higher repurchasing intention than co-purchasing buyers. This result meant that individual purchasing group showed higher satisfaction. Lastly, when the relationship between satisfaction and repurchasing intention of each buyer group was examined, the level of satisfaction was positively associated with the repurchase intention of co-purchase.

To Conform or Not to Conform: Mixed Conformity Model

  • Han, Yongjee
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.55-67
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    • 2017
  • This study explores the influence of reference groups depending on the type (in-group versus out-group) and the size (an individual member versus a group as a whole) of reference groups. We propose a mixed conformity model, which suggests that people want to fit in with their in-group but at the same time they want to stand out within their in-group members. We found that in moderately identity-relevant product categories, people tend to diverge from individual members of their in-group while conforming to their in-group as a whole. However, in highly identity-relevant product categories, people conform to their in-group independent of the referent's size. Directions for future research are outlined in order to further establish and understand the proposed phenomenon.

초등학교 저학년용 영양교육 소책자 개발 및 효과 분석 - 개인별 맞춤형 하루 필요 식품군 단위수 교육을 중심으로 - (Development and Effects' Analysis of Nutrition Education Pamphlet for the Lower Grades Elementary Students - Focused on Individual Daily Needed Food Exchange Units -)

  • 손민정;조영숙;김세나;서혜지;김숙배
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.647-660
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.

The Approaches of Positive Experience Design on IoT Intelligent Products

  • Wu, Chunmao;Xu, Huayuan;Liu, Ziyang
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.1798-1813
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    • 2021
  • This paper proposes a positive experience design approach for Internet of Things (IoT) intelligent products to improve users' subjective well-being in the fields of artificial intelligence and big data. First, the authors selected six target users and taking the Xiaomi IoT intelligent products for the research objects and conducted a thorough observation on how the target users used IoT intelligent products in their own homes over two weeks via a home-visiting interview, group diary, and focus group. Second, they constructed an individual activities table for the participants' IoT intelligent product experience using a hierarchical task analysis (HTA). Third, two researchers sorted out the sub-tasks of happiness in the HTA table. Finally, the authors found the positive experience design approach of IoT intelligent products. The positive experience design approach of IoT intelligent products is proposed from focusing on the personal pleasure experience to individual life meaningful design and group social relationship design, including individual pleasure experience, personal goal realization, group needs satisfaction and the harmony of group relations. The paper uses the two design examples of an interactive kettle and a harmonious chair to further discuss the feasibility of the design approach. In the era of big data, it is helpful for designers to use this design approach to improve the users' sense of sustainable pleasure, achievement perception of their future goal realization, and the well-being of the group's social relationships.

Empowering Leadership and Individual Creativity: The Mediation Role of Psychological Empowerment in Facing Covid-19 Pandemic

  • SISWANTI, Yuni;MUAFI, Muafi
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제7권11호
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    • pp.809-816
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    • 2020
  • This study tests and analyzes the influence of empowering leadership on employee creativity which is mediated by psychological empowerment. Researchers conduct survey method on state-owned bank employees (ABC Bank) in Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia. Purposive sampling is selected with Likert scale as measurement. The population of this study is 166 respondents, who are permanent employees of the ABC Bank. The data analysis technique used is SPSS 24. The results of this study find that: (1) there is an influence of empowering leadership on psychological empowerment, (2) there is an influence of empowering leadership on individual creativity, (3) there is an influence of psychological empowerment on individual creativity, and (4) the influence of empowering leadership on individual creativity is mediated by psychological empowerment. This study ignores other types of leadership. Further study is needed to examine other types of leadership besides empowering leadership. The level of analysis of this study is individual, so further study could examine empowering leadership conceptualized at the group level because followers will be influenced not only by the dyadic relationship with the leader, but also by the dynamics of the members of the empowered group. This study provides theoretical enrichment from the aspect of empowering leadership, especially at the individual level. Leaders can increase employee creativity by empowering them to do their jobs. Additionally, by creating a work environment that ensures employees feel empowered psychologically.

군집분석을 활용한 지역별 건강격차 연구: 주관적 건강수준을 중심으로 (Regional Health Disparities of Self-Rated Health Using Cluster Analysis in South Korea)

  • 허민희;백세종;김영진;노진원
    • 보건행정학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.118-128
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    • 2023
  • Background: Personal socio-economic abilities are crucial as it affects health inequalities. These multidimensional inequalities across the regions have been structured and fixed. This study aimed to analyze health vulnerabilities by regional cluster and identify regional health disparities of self-rated health, using nationally representative cross-sectional data. Methods: This study used personal and regional data. Data from the Community Health Survey 2021 were analyzed. K-means cluster analysis was applied to 250 si-gun-gu using administrative regional data. The clusters were based on three areas: physical environment, health-related behaviors and biological factors, and the psychosocial environment through the conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. And binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the differences in self-rated health status by the regional clusters, controlling human biology, environment, lifestyle, and healthcare organization factors. Results: The most vulnerable group was group 3, the moderate vulnerable group was group 1, and the least vulnerable group was group 2. The group 2 was more likely to have high self-rated health status than the moderate vulnerable group (odds ratio [OR], 1.023; p<0.001). And the group 3 showed low self-rated health status than the moderate vulnerable group (OR, 0.775; p<0.001). However, the moderate vulnerable group had significantly higher self-rated health status than the most vulnerable group (group 2: OR, 1.023; p<0.001; group 3: OR, 0.775; p<0.001). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that community members' health status is influenced by regional determinants of health and individual levels. And these contribute to understanding the importance of specific and differentiated interventions like locally tailored support programs considering both individual and regional health determinants.

Modeling Laborers' Learning Processes in Construction: Focusing on Group Learning

  • Lee, Bogyeong;Lee, Hyun-Soo;Park, Moonseo
    • 국제학술발표논문집
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    • The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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    • pp.154-157
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    • 2015
  • Construction industry still requires a lot of laborers to perform a project despite of advance in technologies, and improving labor productivity is an important strategy for successful project management. Since repetitive construction works exhibits learning effect, understanding laborers' learning phenomenon therefore allows managers to have improved labor productivity. In this context, previous research efforts quantified individual laborer's learning effect, though numerous construction works are performed in group. In other words, previous research about labor learning assumed that sum of individual's productivity is same as group productivity. Also, managers in construction sites need understanding about group learning behavior for dealing with labor performance problem. To address these issues, the authors investigate what variables affect laborers' group level learning process and develop conceptual model as a basic tool of productivity estimation regarding group learning. Based on the result of this research, it is possible to understand forming mechanism of learning within the group level. Further, this research may contribute to maximizing laborers' productivity in construction sites.

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이동통신 네트워크에서 서로 다른 크기의 위치 영역을 가지는 개별 및 그룹 위치 관리에 기반한 효과적인 위치 관리 기법 (An Efficient Location Management Scheme based on Individual and Group Location Managements with Different Sized Location Areas in Mobile Communication Networks)

  • 정윤원
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제33권1B호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2008
  • 그룹 위치 관리에서는 복수의 이동 가입자(MS: mobile subscriber)가 승차하고 있는 운송 시스템(TS: transportation system)이 위치 영역(LA: location area)을 변경시, MS의 개별 위치 등록 없이 TS의 그룹 위치 등록만을 통해 위치 관리를 수행한다. 기존의 연구에서는 대부분 그룹 위치 관리의 LA를 개별 위치 관리의 LA와 동일하게 가정하고 있으나 승차상태의 MS들은 이동 속도나 총 착신호 도착률의 관점에서 하차상태의 MS와 다른 특성을 가지고 있어 동일한 크기의 LA를 가정하는 것은 적절하지 않다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 서로 다른 크기의 LA를 가지는 개별 및 그룹 위치관리에 기반한 효과적인 위치 관리 기법을 제안하고, 그 성능을 무선 구간에서 신호 비용의 측면에서 분석하였다. 분석 결과 제안 기법은 그룹 위치 관리를 위한 적절한 크기의 LA를 선택함으로써 기존 기법보다 우수한 성능을 가지게 됨을 보였다.

Chemical Properties of Indoor Individual Particles Collected at the Daily Behavior Spaces of a Factory Worker

  • Ma, Chang-Jin;Kang, Gong-Unn;Sakai, Takuro
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.122-130
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    • 2017
  • The main purpose of the study was to clarify the properties of individual particles collected at each behavior space of a factory worker. The samplings of size-segregated ($PM_{2.1-1.1}$ and $PM_{4.7-3.3}$) indoor particles were conducted at three different behavior spaces of a factory worker who is engaged in an auto parts manufacturing plant (i.e., his home, his work place in factory, and his favorite restaurant). Elemental specification (i.e., relative elemental content and distribution in and/or on individual particles) was performed by a micro-PIXE system. Every element detected from the coarse particulate matters of home was classified into three groups, i.e., a group of high net-counts (Na, Al, and Si), a group of intermediate net-counts (Mg, S, Cl, K, and Ca), and a group of minor trace elements (P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb). The results of EF for $PM_{4.7-3.3}$ in home indicated that several heavy metals were generated from the sources within the house itself. An exceptional feature shown in the individual particles in workplace is that Cr, Mn, and Co were clearly detected in both fine and coarse particles. Cluster analysis suggested that the individual coarse particles ($PM_{4.7-3.3}$) collected at the indoor of factory were chemically heterogeneous and they modified with sea-salt, mineral, and artificially derived elements. The principal components in individual coarse particles collected at restaurant were sea-salt and mineral without mixing with harmful trace elements like chromium and manganese. Compared to the indoor fine particles of home and restaurant, many elements, especially, Cl, Na, Cr, Mn, Pb, and Zn showed overwhelmingly high net-counts in those of factory.

과제 지향적 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 기능, 인지 기능과 일상생활 수행에 미치는 효과 - 개별 훈련과 집단 훈련의 비교 - (The Effect of Task-Oriented Training on Upper Extremity Function, and Activities of Daily Living for Stroke Patients - Comparative of Group Training and Individual Training -)

  • 박은정;유찬욱;용미현
    • 재활치료과학
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.47-59
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    • 2013
  • 목적 : 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 과제 지향적 훈련을 집단과 개별로 실시하게 하여 상지 기능, 인지 기능과 일상생활 수행력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 2012년 6월부터 11월까지 약 5개월간 A병원에 입원하여 뇌졸중 진단을 받은 사람 중에 재활치료를 받은 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 과제 훈련군과 개별 훈련군은 각각 13명씩 무작위 배정 하였다. 두 군 모두 동일한 내용의 과제 지향 훈련을 1일 30분씩 3주간 시행하도록 하였다. 결과 : 훈련 전 두 군의 상지 기능과 인지 기능은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 훈련 전 일상생활 영역에서 목욕하기(p<.001), 식사하기, 개인위생과 총점(p<.05)이 집단 훈련군에서 더 높은 것으로 나타났고 훈련 후 상지 기능은 개별 훈련군에서 유의하게 높았다(p<.001). 두 그룹 모두 훈련 전후 상지 기능 식사하기, 개인위생,목욕하기, 옷 입기, 용변처리, 이동, 보행, 계단, 총점(p<.05)에 유의한 향상이 있었다. 두 그룹의 훈련 전후 변화량 비교에서 개별 훈련군이 상지 기능(p<.001)과 일상생활 영역에서 식사하기와 총점에서 더 유의한 향상을 나타냈다(p<.05). 결론 : 과제 지향적 훈련을 시행 시 집단 훈련군과 개별 훈련군 모두 상지기능, 일상생활 수행력에 향상을 가져오며, 특히 상지 기능의 향상이 클 경우에 더 높은 일상생활 수행력의 변화를 가져 올 수 있다. 앞으로 보다 많은 환자를 대상으로 장기간에 걸친 종단적인 사례 연구가 필요하다.