• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2013

This study was performed to determine whether stem bark extract containing saponin of Albizzia julibrissin in the diet influences gonadal maturation and spawning in medaka (Oryzias latipes). The crude extraction containing saponin (HaBC) was partially purified from n-BuOH extraction of A. julibrissin stem bark by Diaion HP-20, Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatographies. We fed diets supplemented with HaBC to medaka. We then studied the effects of the HaBC supplement on the suppression of gonadal maturation and spawning in female medaka that were reared in aquaria with recirculation systems. In the experiment with immature female medaka, the periods of initiation of gonadal maturation and spawning were delayed in the fish that were fed diets supplemented with at least HaBC 20 mg/g-feed. In the experiment with mature female medaka, the fish that were fed diets supplemented with at least HaBC 20 mg/g-feed had lower GSIs than the control diet group did. The results showed that the growth of the immature medaka was not correlated with the amount of supplementation of HaBC in the diet. However, the condition factors (CF) in the medaka that were fed diets supplemented with at least HaBC 20 mg/g-feed were higher than in the medaka fed on the control diet. We concluded that extracts containing saponin from the stem bark of A. julibrissin have the potential to inhibit gonadal maturation in female medaka, but they did not act as growth stimulation. Further studies are required to determine the mechanism of the action.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.89-211
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• 1993

The Korean government embarked upon ambitious economic development plans in the 1960's the goals of development policy at that time were the elimination of absolute poverty and the alleviation of unemployment. With scant natural resources, the government had to push for industrialization based upon borrowed foreign raw materials with surplus local labor. Preoccupation with the economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environmental protection. It is evident that Korea's exported industrialization strategy of the past three decades has been a success in terms of income, production, and other macroeconomic indicators, but it cannot be denied that a host of undesirable side-effects have been created. These include environmental problems. congestion in several large cities, poor wealth distribution, and regional disparities. The environmental problems were recognized even in the early stage of development, but preoccupation with the pending economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environment protection. The perceived and actual seriousness of the problems, however, has reached such a level that further negligence may imperil political stability and developmental problems facing the world arise from a world economic order characterized by ever expanding consumption and production, which exhausts and contaminates natural resources and creates and perpetuates gross inequalities between and within nations. It will be necessary to develop new culture and ethical values, transform economic structures, and reorient, our lifestyles. Changing lifestyles can not be promoted by government policy initiative alone but through self=generated educational efforts and mutual training by people themselves. The citizens group for environment (NGOs) should assume these educational and training responsibilities starting from grass-root level of people. It must be reawakened to the reality that the environmental preservation for better quality of life is based on the development of human relationships, creativity, spirituality, reverance for the natural world and celebration of life, and is not dependent upon increased consumption of non-basic material goods. To carry on such environment education social movements and NGOs should (1) provides educational methodologies, which focus on values clarification and moving beyond clarification and moving beyond blame to constructive action. (2) provide training for leaders of business and industry, government, union and others on consumption and production. (3) initiate and support the training and work of environmental counselor who encourage responsible consumption. (4) cooperative with media to initiate and strengthen educational programs on the social environmental programs on the social environmental impacts of consumption and production and to build awareness of consumer responsibility and potential. Economic and social development can be compatible with environment protection : both can be achieved simultaneously. Effective environmental management depends on the various factors : political will, institutional arrangements, appropriate legislation, and availability of the requistite financial and technological resources, which is possible with a strong public awareness of the importance of environmental preservation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 1998

The efficacy of DA-6034, a new flavonoid derivative, was investigated in comparison with sulfasalazine in a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis. Under light anaesthesia with ether, rats were subjected to intracolonic administration of 30mg TNBS in 50% ethanol (0.5ml) and were then sacrificed at 7 or 21 days after colitis induction. The TNBS control group (the saline treated colitic rat) exhibited ulceration and inflammation of the distal colon with formation of granuloma and pathologic connections. Moreover, an increase in colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (investigated as an index of leukocyte adhesion and accumulation) and an elevated colonic leukotriene $B_4$ ($LTB_4$) level were observed. The colitic rats received DA6034 (0.3-30mg/kg) or sulfasalazine (50-100mg/kg), prednisolone (0.3-3mg/kg) after the induction of colitis until they were sacrificed. Oral treatment with DA-6034 resulted in significant reductions of macroscopic colonic damage, colonic inflammation. DA6034 had a more potent effect than sulfasalazine and prednisolone on macroscopic colonic damage, while it has similar effect with prednisolone on the reduction of colonic $LTB_4$ synthesis and MPO activity. This study show, therefore, that DA-6034 is effective m attenuating the colonic lesion in an TNBS-induced colitis model. Furthermore, the results suggest that the effect of DA-6034 is partially related to its action on $LTB_4$ synthesis and MPO inhibition.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.15-30
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• 2008

Various types of students activities presented in the clothing part of the current 'Technology Home Economics' middle school textbooks were analyzed to provide basic idea for improving the quality of content of text, which can arouse students' interest and practical use. Analysis was conducted for the units related to clothing contained in 10 different technology & home economics textbooks of 2nd grade middle school students approved by the Ministry of Education under the 7th national curriculum. Types of student activities were categorized based on "size of groups", "type of problems" and "methods of carrying out tasks" and the this study sought to explore future directions for action plans especially in terms of composition of contents, the methods of performance and suggestions. As a result, the volume of each part in clothing & textiles section was investigated. Among them 'dressing' part was found to make up the largest percentage of the clothing unit. And among the six of the detailed contents, "How to Wear Traditional Korean Clothes" and "Functions of Clothes", took up the largest space. In additions, the types of students activities and methods of implementing and how to performing tasks vary depending on publishing companies and detailed contents of areas. As a result, 'individual activities', 'structured problem', and 'problems that require prior home-based experience' were most common types of activities. Based on this study, it is suggested to increase the number of small group activities and the activities that require diverse problem-solving methods.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect Meister high school students' career maturity with respect to the impact on school maladjustment. Also, this study clarify the relationship. This study purpose is to permanently provide Meister as the basis for the vocational education sector career education needed to faithfully serve as a special purpose high schools. Tools used for the survey is maladaptive measurement tools developed by Leegyumi (2004) and Career maturity measurement tools developed at Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training (2012). Using these tools, a reliability test was conducted. Meister students' career maturity was conducted correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to analyze the impact of school maladjustment. Independent variables are consisted of career maturity and independence, attitude toward the job, planning, self-understanding, rational decision-making, information retrieval, knowledge of the desired job, career exploration and ready for action. Meister high school student's career maturity according to the students' background variables are little girls was higher than boys, but it was not statistically significant. T-test was conducted to ascertain the career maturity and school maladjustment differences of adaptation groups and maladaptive group in meister school students in background variables. A career maturity and school maladjustment between adaptive and maladaptive population groups showed a statistically significant difference in background variables.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.483-490
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• 1999

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has the feature of excessive LH, hyperandrogenism and disturbance of folliculogenesis. Also, insulin, IGF-I and IGFBP-l are involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Various surgical and medical therapies have been used and the action mechanisms are related to the endocrine effect. Laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery or laser vaporization is effective in the restoration of ovulation and normal menstrual cycle with minimal invasive procedure especially in the patients resistant to medical therapy. Clomiphen citrate (CC) is used for the ovulation induction in pcas and the resistance is known to be related to insulin, IGF-I, IGFBP-l levels. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the laparoscopic laser vaporization on the levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, IGF-I and IGFBP-l and on the ovarian response to clomiphen citrate in patients with CC-resistant PCOS. Materials and Methods: The fasting basal serum LH, FSH, testosterone, IGF-I and IGFBP-l level were measured in 10 PCOS patients with CC-resistance and 7 normal controls with regular menstrual cycle. In PCOS, after laparoscopic $CO_2$ laser vaporization, endocrine levels were measured in 1 week interval for 4 weeks and then compared with preoperative levels. Results: In PCOS group, mean serum LH/FSH ratio, testosterone, IGF-I levels were higher and IGFBP-l level was lower than control. LH/FSH ratio decreased from $2.51{\pm}0.67$ to $1.7{\pm}0.6$ (p<0.05) in 2 weeks, to $0.56{\pm}0.2$ (p<0.01) in 3 weeks and to $1.41{\pm}0.3$ (p<0.01) in 4 weeks after operation. Testosterone level decreased from $1.51{\pm}0.82ng/ml$ to $0.65{\pm}0.34ng/ml$ (p<0.05) in 2 weeks, to $0.56{\pm}0.67ng/ml $(p<0.01) in 3 weeks after operation. IGF-I level also decreased from $436{\pm}47.5{\mu}g/l$ to $187{\pm}38{\mu}g/l$ (p<0.0l) in 1 week, to $167{\pm}42{\mu}g/l$ (p<0.01) in 2 weeks, $179{\pm}55{\mu}g/l$ (p<0.01) in 3 weeks and to $120{\pm}43{\mu}g/l$ (p<0.01) in 4 weeks after operation. IGFBP-l level showed no significant change. In 8 of 10 PCOS patients, ovulation was induced with low dose clomiphen citrate. Conclusion: Laparoscopic $CO_2$ laser vaporization restores normal menstrual cycle and ovulation through endocrine effect of decreasing LH/FSH ratio, testosterone and IGF-I level and increases the response to CC. Therefore it is useful for restoration of normal menstruation and induction of ovulation in CC resistant PCOS patients.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2016

Insects constitute the largest and most diverse group of animals in the world. They also serve as the hosts or nutrient sources for an immense assemblage of pathogens, parasites, and predators. More than 700 fungal species from 100 genera have adopted an entomopathogenic lifestyle. Although entomopathogenic fungi were studied as only biocontrol agents against a variety of pests in various countries, it has been recently focused their additional roles in nature. They are antagonists to/against plant pathogens, endophytes, and possibly even plant growth promoting agents. The potential antimicrobial effect against fungal plant pathogens by an isolate of entomopathogenic fungi including Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium spp., and Isaria fumosorosea have been reported since late 1990s, but wasn't reported pathogenicity of the isolate against pests. Later, a Canadian Lecanicillium sp. isolate and L. longisporium isolated from Vertalec$^{(R)}$ showed simultaneous control effect against both aphid and cucumber powder mildew. Therefore, the antimicrobial activities of 342 fungi isolates collected from various regions and conditions in Korea were evaluated against plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea using dual culture technique on agar plate. As a result, 186 isolates (54.4%) shown the antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The culture filtrates of selected fungi completely suppressed the growth of the microorganisms, indicating that suppression was due to the presence of antimicrobial substances in the culture filtrate. Mode of action of these fungi against insect involves the attachment of conidia to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, cuticle penetration, and internal dissemination throughout the insect. During infection process, secreted enzymes, proteinous toxins, and/or secondary metabolites secreted by entomopathogenic fungi can be used to overcome the host immune system, modify host behavior, and defend host resources. Recently, secondary metabolites isolated from entomopathogenic fungi have been reported as potential bioactive substances. Generally, most of bioactive substances produced by entomopathogenic fungi have reported low molecular weight (lower than 1,000 g/mol) as peptide and, in contrast the high molecular weight fungal bioactive substances are rare. Most substances based on entomopathogenic fungi were shown antimicrobial activity with narrow control ranges. In our study we analyzed the antimicrobial substances having antagonistic effects to B. cinerea. Antimicrobial substances in our fungal culture filtrates showed high thermostability, high stability to proteolytic enzymes, and hydrophilicity and their molecular weights were differed from substance. In conclusion, entomopathogenic fungi showed pathogenicity against insect pests and culture filtrate of the fungi also shown to antimicrobial activity. In the future, we can use the entomopathogenic fungi and its secondary metabolites to control both insect pest control and plant pathogenic fungi simultaneously.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1988.08a
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• pp.1-10
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• 1988

Previously. we reported that the intraperitoneal administration of ginseng crude saponin increased: (I) nuclear RNA polymerase activity. (2) nuclear RNA synthesis. (3) cytoplasmic RNA synthesis. (4) cytoplasmic heavy polyrioosome content. (5) amino acid incorporation in vitro of microsome and polysome isolated rat liver. and (6) the incorporation rate of labeled amino acids into serum protein. In addition, a spectacular increase in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocyte administered crude saponin for four weeks orally was shown through electron microscopy. An increase in polysomal content in membrane-hound ribosome was shown through ultracentrifugation. Recently, successive intraperitoneal. administration .of $ginsenosid-Rb_2$ was given to streptozotocin (STZ) diaoetic rats of hypoproteinemia. The blood urea nitrogen and hepatic urea concentration were decreased significantly. The total protein and alhumin levels in the serum were increased in comparison to control values. In contrast. the $ginsenoside-Rb_2$ treated group of STZ diahetic rats showed a significant increase in liver RNA. total ribosome and membrane-bound ribosomal contents. The administration of $ginsenoside-Rb_2$ increased the incorporation rate of labeled - precursor into total serum protein. Additionally $ginsenoside-Rb_2$ improved the nitrogen balance of diabetic rats. On the bases of these experimental results, ginseng saponin has a metabolic stimulatory or anabolic action on RNA and protein synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2006

ERM proteins transfer the methyl group to $A_{2058}$ in 23S rRNA to confer the resistance to MLS (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) antibiotics on microorganism ranging from antibiotic producers to pathogens. To define the functional role of peptide segment encompassing amino acid residues 1 to 25 in NTER (N-terminal end region) of ErmSF, one of the ERM proteins, DNA fragment encoding mutant protein deprived of that peptide was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli to obtain a purified soluble form protein to the apparent homogeneity in the yield of 12.65 mg per liter of culture. The in vitro activity of mutant protein was found to be 85% compared to wild type ErmSF, suggesting that this peptide interact with substrate to affect the enzyme activity. This diminished activity of mutant protein caused the delayed expression of antibiotic resistance in vivo, that at fIrst cells expressing mutant protein showed the retarded growth due to the antibiotic action but with time cells inhibited by antibiotic gradually recovered the viability to exert the resistance to the same extent as those with wild type protein.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1630-1637
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• 2016

The object of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of Sikhe added with 25%, 50%, and 100% Artemisia capillaris extract instead of water. The control group showed higher sweetness and lower pH than the other groups. Longer storage time was associated with increased turbidity. In the chromaticity determination, $L^*$ value decreased while $a^*$ and $b^*$ values increased as A. capillaris extracts increased. In terms of free sugars, sucrose and maltose were detected. Maltose was generated through glycosylated action with amylase. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities proportionally increased with levels of A. capillaris extract. In the sensory evaluation, Sikhe made with 50% A. capillaris extract showed the highest preferences for color, taste, plumpness of rice granules, and overall acceptance. These results suggest that A. capillaris maybe a useful ingredient in Sikhe to improve quality and sensory properties.