• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.802-812
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe phenomenological structures of the lived experience of struggling against an illness for patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Methods: The participants were 7 patients with ALS recruited by snowball sampling who agreed to participate in this research and could verbally communicated with the researcher. Data were collected by long term-repeated interviews with participants in their own homes. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of phenomenology. Results: Four categories were extracted as follows: 'Being seized with fear of death', 'Living a marginal life', 'Accepting hard fate', and 'Clinging to faint life'. Seven theme clusters were identified as: 'Wandering to find a healing method with ominous signs in the body', 'Having a diagnosis of ALS is like a bolt from the blue and struggling against illness with faint hope', 'Being forced out to the edge of life with anguish', 'Filling one's heart with hatred and longing toward becoming estranged from the world', 'Living with stigma as a stumbling block with bitter grief in one's heart', 'Accepting every things as one's fate with self controlled fear of death', and 'Attaching to desire to live'. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to develop the programs to support patients with ALS and their family.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.235-246
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to discover the experience of hemodialysis which clients confronted hemodialysis at the same time as CRF diagnosis and to understand the nature and meaning of their crisis experience. The research subjects were 6 clients receiving hemodialysis in Seoul from Jan. 1996 to Jul. 1996. Data were collected by informal indepth interview and participant observation. Content Analysis(by Seaman & Verhonick, 1982; Woods & Catanzaro, 1988) was applied to collect similar contents and common experience in order to derivate concepts and categories for better understanding of their hemodialysis experience. As a result, 6 categories derivated to indentify their hemodialysis experience of the CRF clients-confronted hemodialysis at the same time as CRF diagnosis-were as follows: 1) The category of shocking crisis composed the concepts of shock, amagement and suffocation. 2) The category of denial composed the concepts of disease refusal and hemodialysis refusal. They repeatedly visited hospitals or didn't visit hospital in order to refuse disease, then depended on folk remedy or shamanistic method. 3) The category of severe anxiety composed the concepts of abandoned feeling, shame, resentment, neurosis and anger. 4) The category of depression composed the concepts of grief, suffering of unfairness, tearing, desire to death. 5) The category of powerlessness composed the concept of hopelessness. 6) The category of resigned acceptance composed the concepts of resignation and acceptance. In this study, the CRF clients who confronted hemodialysis at the same time as CRF diagnosis experienced six stages in accepting hemodialysis but these stages were mingled simultaneously and went on.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.118-128
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of bereavement for main family members who had made and followed DNR decision for their family members. Method: This qualitative study was based on a grounded theory, and used in-depth interview techniques with the bereaved 10 main family members who had been treated and died under DNR order. Results: The causal condition of the family member was 'Releasing', and the main consequent phenomenon were 'Blaming self and ruminating'. The contextual condition was 'The memory of the deceased'. The action/reaction strategy was 'Purifying'. The intervening condition was 'Supporting system', and the consequence was 'Acceptance'. The experience after bereavement of the family member on DNR decision were rational processes that purified themselves and healed the guilt feeling about the decision from reflective assessment and response about DNR decision. Based on this results, the substantive theory 'Reflective self healing' was derived. Conclusion: The main family members in following DNR decision are more likely to have unhealthy emotional condition than others in normal bereavement process. But they overcame the grief of bereavement through reflective self healing process.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.91-112
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• 2009

Referring to John Irving's 2001 published fiction The Fourth Hand, the publisher commented, "It seems, at first, to be a comedy, perhaps a satire, almost certainly a sexual farce. Yet, in the end, it is as realistic and emotionally moving as any of Mr. Irving's previous novels." In his early six novels, John Irving shows the world suffused with grief and deception. But his novels finally turn out also as a comic and robust novel. The writer's success in achieving this thick description of the contradictory modern world is largely due to his development of the idea of the flawed hero. Despite loss, sadness and abandonment, Irving's heroes maintain classical heroic traits such as intelligence, tenderness, protectiveness, strength, bravery, sense of humor, independence, attractiveness. In this article, I tried to emphasize these graces potent in Irving's heroes as the most attractive and influential device for the writer's consistent popularity among the general public. The cinematization of his four fictions attest to audience's sympathy toward rewarding vulnerability and truthful exaggeration in the depiction of Irving's heroes. By taking full responsibility for their own fate despite having the flaws, Irving's protagonists still appeal to many readers as heroes resilient in a modern chaotic world without losing their graces.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.135-143
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• 2021

End-of-life patients experience physical, mental, social, and existential distress. While medical personnel provide medication and care to alleviate patients' distress, listening to and interacting with patients remains essential for understanding their psychological condition. The most important tool, though difficult to implement in practice, is end-of-life discussion (EOLD). EOLD has been shown to have positive effects on end-of-life treatment choices, achievement of patients' life goals, improvements in the quality of life of patients and their families, and the prevention of depression and complicated grief among bereaved family members. EOLD is not often undertaken in clinical practice, however, due to hesitancy among medical personnel and patients for various reasons. In order to conduct an EOLD, the patient's judgment, psychiatric illnesses such as delirium and depression, and psychological issues such as the side effects of psychotropic drugs, denial, and collusion must be evaluated. Open and honest conversation, treatment goal setting, the doctor's familiarity with the patient's background, and attentiveness when providing information are important elements for any dialogue. Meaning-centered psychotherapy was developed to alleviate the existential distress of cancer patients, and its application may promote EOLD. The future development of meaning-centered psychotherapy in practice and in research is expected to further promote EOLD.

• Psychiatry investigation
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1168-1173
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• 2018

Objective After the Sewol ferry disaster, bereavement with suicidal ideation was a critical mental health problem that was accompanied by various neuropsychological symptoms. This study examined the frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA), heart rate variability (HRV), and several psychological symptoms in bereaved family members (BFM) after the Sewol ferry disaster. Methods Eighty-three BFM after the Sewol ferry disaster were recruited. We assessed FAA, HRV, and psychological symptoms, including depression, post-traumatic stress, post-traumatic growth factor, anxiety, grief, and positive resources, between BFM with the presence and absence of current suicidal ideation. Results Compared to BFM without suicidal ideation, BFM with suicidal ideation showed a higher FAA with right dominance. Significant differences in psychological symptoms were observed between the groups. In BFM with suicidal ideation, the low: high frequency (LF:HF) ratio correlated with social resources and support. Conclusion The FAA and LF:HF ratio may be biomarkers that represent the pathological conditions of BFM with suicidal ideation. If researched further, they may shed light on the interaction between bereavement with suicidal ideation and social resources for therapeutic intervention.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 2019

Recently, interest in literary therapy has been increasing. However, sometimes reading therapy is called literary therapy. But if you want to be a literary therapist, you need to know about the feelings that literary texts convey. To this end, Park Inkwa has long studied the relationship between sentences and emotions that the human body ignites. This study was also done in the view that the human body is so inspired and cured by literary text. It was conducted on the Lee Hangbok's Sijo "High Peak of Chullyoung", as it is suitable to discuss the feelings of literary therapy. In this study, Emotions were causing a transference to the reader with grief, which told the effect of literary therapy. We hope that such research will continue and further develop the technique of literary therapy.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.73-101
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• 2017

Objectives: This study is to understand the experiences of overcoming pain of loss of family survivors in Suicide Bereavement Support Group(SBSG). Method: Experiential data was collected by in-depth interview(FGI, individual) to 10 family survivors(over 19) who having an experience participating in SBSG over 5months and analyzed using qualitative methodology. Results: We drew the result that 'SPACE model' which structuralize by 5 stages of suicide survivors' experience of SBSG of time path. SPACE model configured as follow: Stage1, Space in vacuum, the time to feel a sense of overwhelming feeling like pain, fear, alienation after loss of suicide, Stage2, Probing, when to find informations and resources to help survivors themselves, Stage3, Acclimation, having experiences empathy and healing as in SBSG, Stage4, Composure, accepting SBSG meaning as a part of their lives, loss of my family by suicide, and the beginning of bereavement, Stage5, Endurance, overcoming suffering through SBSG and try to help other survivors. Conclusions: SBSG is the opportunity for family survivors to overcome the pains from loss of suicide, shock, anger, grief, etc., and to empower them to help other suicide survivors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.60-68
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• 2021

Purpose: This case report was attempted to present the process of the end of life nursing care provided by the visiting nurse. Methods: The subject was a person who was decided the long-term care Grade 1 and received a visiting nursing service, and the service was terminated on the death, and then was selected as a case with the consent of his family. The data were collected through long-term care benefit provision records and interviews with the visiting nurse. The nursing process was presented by applying the Omaha System. Results: The subject had digestion-hydration problems and respiration problems in the physiological domain, and the problems of role change, caretaking/parenting, spirituality, and grief in the psychosocial domain were identified. Depending on the problem, the end of life nursing care was provided to the subject and family members through activities on physical symptoms/signs, dietary management, end-life care, and coping skills. Conclusion: We expect that if the visiting nurse provides anticipatory guidance on the death process, the subject will be able to prepare for death comfortably with the family at home instead of vague fear of death.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.145-156
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• 2022

Children are the foundation and future of this society and understanding their impressions and behaviors is very important and the child's behavioral problems are a burden on the family and society as well as have a bad impact on the development of the child, and the early diagnosis of these problems helps to solve or mitigate them, and in this research project we aim to understand and know the behaviors of children, through artificial intelligence algorithms that helped solve many complex problems in an automated system, By using this technique to read and analyze the behaviors and feelings of the child by reading the features of the child's face, the movement of the child's body, the method of the child's session and nervous emotions, and by analyzing these factors we can predict the feelings and behaviors of children from grief, tension, happiness and anger as well as determine whether this child has the autism spectrum or not. The scarcity of studies and the privacy of data and its scarcity on these behaviors and feelings limited researchers in the process of analysis and training to the model presented in a set of images, videos and audio recordings that can be connected, this model results in understanding the feelings of children and their behaviors and helps doctors and specialists to understand and know these behaviors and feelings.