• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1996

A multiblock grid generation has been developed to be reliably used for a Navier-Stokes simulation of the turbomachinery flow-fields A multiblock structure simplifies the creation of structured H-grids about complex turbomachinery geometries and facilitate the creation of a grid in the tip flow region. The numerical algorithm adopts the combination of the algebraic and elliptic method to create the internal grids efficiently and quickly. The grid refinement process is enhanced by developing strategies to utilized Bezier curves and splines along with weighted transfinite interpolation technique and by formulating the grid-imbedding method for the viscous boundary-layer meshes. For purposes of illustration, the grid generator is applied to the high turning turbine rotor blades. Two different types of computational grids are provided to be compared with respect to the grid adaptation to the flow simulations. Extension to three-dimensions was done to show the possibility of its application to the tip-flow simulations. The grid quality of the multiblock structure is good in the passages, with gloval orthogonality and adequate smoothness.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2000

Three dimensional flow fields around passenger car body was computed by PAM-FLOW, well-known and validated computer program for thermal and fluid analysis. Regarding the computational method, a Navier-Stokes solver based on finite element method with various turbulent models and adaptive grid technique (H-refinement)was adopted. The results were physically reasonable and compared with experimental data, giving good agreement. It was found that three dimensional flow simulation with H-refinement technique had potential for prediction of low fie이 around vehicle and the ability to predict vortex in the wake, which is vital for CFD to be used for automobile aerodynamic calculation.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2002

The cadastral maps as many as about 750,000 map sheets to cover 34,751,000 parcels of land of Korea, are being digitalized. The problem of shrinkage-expansion of the paper cadastral maps has to be resolved for the new digital maps, where the nodes and vertices of the parcel boundaries are represented by coordinates. The photo coordinate refinement techniques, two dimensional projective transformation and local area transformation as in the reseau grid method, were introduced for this distortion correction. Using the fact that original maps drawn on the plane tables in field from 1910 to 1918 have grid lines and have been preserved well, a strategic flow to apply the refinement techniques to the digital maps with the original maps as controls was developed. To accommodate the presence or absence of the original maps and grid lines, and different scales and sizes of the maps, the strategy was implemented by a computer program package. Various distortions and corrections were simulated and errors were evaluated. The RMS errors in the corrected digital maps were allowable, thus, the method developed in this study was to be applicable for the digital cadastral maps.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.601-613
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• 2017

An adjoint-based error estimation and mesh adaptation study is conducted for two-dimensional viscous flows on unstructured hybrid meshes. The error in an integral output functional of interest is estimated by a dot product of the residual vector and adjoint variable vector. Regions for the mesh to be adapted are selected based on the amount of local error at each nodal point. Triangular cells in the adaptive regions are refined by regular refinement, and quadrangular cells near viscous walls are bisected accordingly. The present procedure is applied to single-element airfoils such as the RAE2822 at a transonic regime and a diamond-shaped airfoil at a supersonic regime. Then the 30P30N multi-element airfoil at a low subsonic regime with a high incidence angle (${\alpha}=21deg.$) is analyzed. The same level of prediction accuracy for lift and drag is achieved with much less mesh points than the uniform mesh refinement approach. The detailed procedure of the adjoint-based mesh refinement for the multi-element airfoil case show that the basic flow features around the airfoil should be resolved so that the adjoint method can accurately estimate an output error.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.223-247
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• 2017

By using numerical simulation, vast and detailed information and observation of the physics of flow over a train model can be obtained. However, the accuracy of the numerical results is questionable as it is affected by grid convergence error. This paper describes a systematic method of computational grid refinement for the Unsteady Reynolds Navier-Stokes (URANS) of flow around a generic model of trains using the OpenFOAM software. The sensitivity of the computed flow field on different mesh resolutions is investigated in this paper. This involves solutions on three different grid refinements, namely fine, medium, and coarse grids to investigate the effect of grid dependency. The level of grid independence is evaluated using a form of Richardson extrapolation and Grid Convergence Index (GCI). This is done by comparing the GCI results of various parameters between different levels of mesh resolutions. In this study, monotonic convergence criteria were achieved, indicating that the grid convergence error was progressively reduced. The fine grid resolution's GCI value was less than 1%. The results from a simulation of the finest grid resolution, which includes pressure coefficient, drag coefficient and flow visualization, are presented and compared to previous available data.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2005

중첩격자계와 접합격자계를 이용한 적응격자 기법이 개발되었다. 유동장은 물체와 근접한 영역과 떨어진 영역으로 구분된다. 근접한 영역은 곡선 격자계로 채워지며 중첩격자기법으로 영역이 연결되고 떨어진 영역은 다양한 적응 단계를 가진 직교 격자계로 채워지며 접합격자기법으로 연결된다. 본 적응격자기법은 격자생성에 있어서의 유연성과 효과적인 격자적응 기능을 보여준다. 2차원 스토어 분리 해석을 포함하는 몇 가지 수치해석을 통해 본 적응격자기법의 성능을 검증하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 삼각격자 균질화를 위하여, 확장된 위상학적 개선과정과 국소 최적화 기반 평활화를 결합한 국소 개선기법을 제안하였다. 먼저 격자의 연결 구조를 확장된 위상학적 개선과정을 적용하여 최적의 연결구조로 개선한다. 다음으로 격자의 질을 나타내는 비틀림척도를 최대화하기 위해 국소 최적화 기반 평활화를 수행한다. 이 국소 개선기법을 이용하여, 두 가지 격자 예제에 대하여 삼각격자 균질화를 수행하였다. 이 예들을 통하여, 본 연구에서 제안한 국소 개선알고리듬이 삼각격자의 질을 크게 향상시켜주는 경제적이며 효과적인 방법임을 보여준다. 또한, 이 기법은 적응격자 세분화의 격자 재생성과정에도 용이하게 적용될 수 있다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2000

공간 인덱스인 R-Tree를 이용하여 조건에 만족하는 공간 객체를 찾기 위해서 MBR의 비교하는 여과 과정만으로는 부정확한 경우가 있으며 그러한 경우에는 해당 공간 객체를 읽어 조건과 직접 비교하는 과정, 즉 정제과정이 필요하게 된다. 정제과정을 수행하기 위해서는 디스크 입출력이 요구되고 고비용 공간 연상을 수행해야 하므로 이는 검색 비용이 커지는 요인이 된다. 그래서, 여과 과정후의 후보 객체수를 최소화하기 위한 2단계 여과 기법들이 연구되었지만, 여과 효율이 떨어지거나, 추가로 데이터를 유지해야하거나, 원래 객체의 정보를 잃어버려 객체들을 재구성해야하는 문제점이 발생한다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 이차 여과 과정에서 공간 객체의 존재여부를 저장하는 진위 테이블인 그리드 필터를 이용하여 간단한 논리 연산만으로 공간객체를 검색할 수 있도록 하는 확장된 R-Tree를 제안한다. 그러므로, 그리드 필터를 가지는 확장된 R-Tree 는 효율적인 이차 여과과정을 수행하기 때문에 여과를 위한 연산비용이 작고, 근사의 질이 높아 여과 효율이 우수하다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제37권1_2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2019

In this paper, we introduce a uniform mesh method for a Maxwell's equation with discontinuous coefficients. We observe optimal O(h) order for the electric field and O(h) order for the curl.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1999

The present study is aimed to investigate flow characteristics of two-dimensional backward-fac-ing step by numerical approach. A convection conservation difference scheme based upon SOLA algorithm is used for the solution of the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations to simulate the laminar transitional and trubulent flow conditions at which the experimental data can be available for the backlward-facing step. The twenty kinds of reynolds number are used for the calculations. In an effort to demonstrate that the reported solutions are dependent on the mesh refinement computations are performed on seven different meshes of uniformly increasing refinement. also to investigate the result of inflow dependence two kinds of the inflow profile are chosen for the laminar flow. Irregular grid is adopted to minimize the errors on the satis-faction fo the discretized continuity. As criterion of benchmarking the result of numerical simula-tion reattachment lengthis used for the selected Reynolds numbers. The results of the present study prove the fact that the numerical predictions agree well with the experimental data and the flow characteristics are shown at the backward-facing step.