• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2007

In vitro shoot regeneration and multiple shoot induction has been obtained from the stolen node explants in Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. The highest number of shoots ($10.66{\pm}0.21$) was observed from initial explants after one month culture duration on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA: 0.5 mg/l). First generation shoot was excised and sub-cultured on the same fresh media for further multiplication of shoots. An enhanced number of second round shoots ($15.33{\pm}0.21$) was obtained compared to the initial culture media containing BA (0.5 mg/l). The number of shoots/stolon node was higher among all the concentrations of BA than kinetin (KN). In vitro regenerated shoots were successfully rooted in the phytohormone free MS medium. Plantlets generated with roots were transferred to pots containing compound mixture of soil and kept in green house conditions. Acclimatized plants showed 100% survival rate with normal morphology in green house conditions. The present study demonstrates the effect of explant and different plant growth regulators towards in vitro response in E. ophiuroides. Moreover, the study reveals the effect of cytokinin on induction of shoot number per stolen node explant in E. ophiuroides.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the effect of foliar feeding as the fertilization on creeping benrgrass green. Research results have showed that the visual quality of bentgrass as well as shoot density and chlorophyll index dramatically improved after foliar feeding. Shoot density of bent grass in foliar based fertilization was 2.8 ea/$cm^2$ higher than that of the liquid based fertilization during the experiment period, moreover that the foliar feeding is more effective to alleviate shoot density during the rainy season in summer. Results showed that foliar feeding was key role to achieve the stable visual quality, chlorophyll index and maintained Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) throughout the year in addition to get fast recovery after aeration and dry spot. These were consistent with the previous research of foliar feeding which directly provided nutrient to the turfgrass leaf thus increased turfgrass growth within a short time. It is projected to be a especially adequate management program during the hot summer season in which the nutrition feeding is low. However, root growth was no significant difference between foliar based fertilization and liquid based fertilization. Golf Course managers also should consider about the number of frequent fertilizing. Lastly, it was no big change in chemical property by soil foliar based fertilization which is meaning of preventing the soil salinization, meanwhile, it is prone to reach the nutrient deficiency. It hopes to be settled as the general fertilization in golf course of Korea, since there are many advantages of foliar based fertilization program. It is suggested to study more practical process of foliar feeding through the further research.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.255-272
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• 2011

This work studied the growth and yield of green crops, changes of mineral composition in greenhouse soil and green crops, and infection with wintering green crops cultivation in greenhouse field. At 74 days after seeding of wintering green crops, dry matter was 710kg/10a in rye, 530kg/10a in barley, 230kg/10a in hairy vetch, and 240kg/10a in bean or weeds. Total nitrogen content in green crops was 4.5% in pea and hairy vetch, and 3~4% in barley and rye. $P_2O_5$, CaO, and MgO contents in all green crops were about 1.0%, and $K_2O$ content was the highest level by 4~5% among macro elements. Total nitrogen fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 22.1kg/10a in rye, 20.6kg/10a in barley, 10.6kg/10a in hairy vetch, and 9.6kg/10a in pea and giant chickweed. $P_2O_5$ fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 8.4kg/10a in rye, 6.3kg/10a in barley, and 2.3 kg/10a in hairy vetch and pea. $K_2O$ fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 28kg/10a in rye, 24.7kg/10a in barley, and 11kg/10a in hairy vetch and pea. CaO fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 2~3kg/ 10a in all green crops, and MgO fixing content was 1.7~2.6kg/10a in all green crops. Pepper growth in no-tillage was not a significant difference at all green manure crops. The number of fruit and fruit weight were higher in control, pea, hairy vetch and harvest barley than rye and barley. Soil mineral compositions in wintering green crops increased at pH, organic matter, CEC compared with control. Soil chemical compositions were stable level at green crops cultivation according as decreases of EC, available phosphoric acid, Ca, and Mg contents. After no-tillage by green manure crops, pH in soils was higher in green manure crops than control. EC content in soils was lower in green manure crops than control, and was remarkably low level in barley harvest. Organic matter content in soils increased in hairy vetch and barley green manure but decreased by 35% in barley harvest. Total nitrogen and avaliable $P_2O_4$ content in soils remarkably increased but was not a significant difference at all green manure crops. Cation (K, Ca, and Mg) content in soils decreased by 15~20% in K, 2~11% in Ca, and 3~6% in Mg at rye, barley and pea compared with control.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to develop an effective production system of blueberry plants by using tissue culture technique. Murashige and skoog medium (MS) and woody plant medium (WPM) were compared for shoot formation of highbush blueberries. Also medium supplemented with zeatin/2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP)/benzyl aminopurine (BA) (1, 2/10, 15/4, $6mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)and zeatin/2iP/BA (0.5/10, 15/$0.05mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) as plant growth regulators to determine the effect of shoot formation and shoot proliferation, respectively. The shoot explants cultured on WPM showed higher shoot formation rates, more number of nodes, and longer root length than those on MS medium during the primary culture. Shoots were not formed when the explants were cultured on the medium without plant growth regulators or on only BA. The shoot explants cultured on the medium supplemented with 2iP showed low rates of shoot formation. On the other hand, zeatin was the most effective for shoot formation and growth of the explants. Also influence of different cytokinins (zeatin, 2iP) on the shoot proliferation of subcultured shoot explants was studied. There was no significant difference among the different concentrations of zeatin in the rate of shoot formation and number of shoots. However at higher concentration of zeatin, number of nodes was increased, and shoot length was shorted. The proper concentrations of zeatin for shoot propagation in subculture were found to be $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.394-406
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• 2004

A split-plot designed experiment including four rice varieties and 10 nitrogen levels was conducted in 2003 at the Experimental Farm of Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea. Before heading, hyperspectral canopy reflectance (300-1100nm with 1.55nm step) and nine crop variables such as shoot fresh weight (SFW), leaf area index, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf N concentration, shoot N concentration, leaf N density, shoot N density and N nutrition index were measured at 54 and 72 days after transplanting. Grain yield, total number of spikelets, number of filled spikelets and 1000-grain weight were measured at harvest. 14,635 narrow-band NDVIs as combinations of reflectances at wavelength ${\lambda}l\;and\;{\lambda}2$ were correlated to the nine crop variables. One NDVI with the highest correlation coefficient with a given crop variable was selected as the NDVI of the best fit for this crop variable. As expected, models to predict crop variables before heading using the NDVI of the best fit had higher $r^2$ (>10\%)$ than those using common broad- band NDVI red or NDVI green. The models with the narrow-band NDVI of the best fit overcame broad- band NDVI saturation at high LAI values as frequently reported. Models using NDVIs of the best fit at booting showed higher predictive capacity for yield and yield component than models using crop variables.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2001

Adventitious shoot buds, without an intervening callus phase, were induced from stem explants of Trichosanthes kirilowii on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BA. The culture medium, carbon source as well as plant growth regulators were found to influence further shoot multiplication and eventual shoot growth. A maximum number of shoots was obtained on a MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BA and 3% sucrose. Shoot produced in vitro were rooted on half-strength phytagelled 1/2MS medium prior to transfer to green house condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2004

The optimized in vitro culture system was investigated for improvement of regeneration efficiencies by observing the responses of scutella-derived callus of Korean rice (Oryza sativa L.). Large variations of callus induction (43.9-93.9%) and shoot regeneration (0-88.7%) were observed among the rice cultivars depending on medium. However, shoot regeneration was significantly improved by selected utilization of basal medium, growth regulators, and carbon sources. N6 basal medium was more efficient for embryogenic callus induction than MS or LS basal medium, while MS was superior to N6 for shoot regeneration. The calli of highly regenerative cultivars grew faster and showed higher rates of green tissue formation (GT) and shoot regeneration (SR) and lower rate of callus browning (CB) than those of recalcitrant cultivars. Although a higher level of kinetin stimulated the GT and SR in highly regenerative cultivars, $10\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin generally suppressed the GT and SR, while CB was accelerated compared to $2\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin. Additional benefits of sorbitol combined with maltose (or sucrose) under $5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin were certainly confirmed on regeneration efficiencies compared to sucrose alone as carbon source and osmotic regulator. This combination showed high rate of GT and SR with multiple shoots while low rate of CB. With MSRK5SM-Pr medium ($5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin, 3% sorbitol, 2% maltose, $500\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ proline), the regeneration efficiencies of total 17 out of 24 cultivars were practically improved 160% on average compared to MSRK2S ($2\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin, 3% sucrose) control medium. Especially, the medium was most effective to the cultivars showing a medium level of regenerability such as Daesanbyeo and Dongjinbyeo and Suwon477, enhancing efficiencies more than 300-600% compared to MSRK2S medium.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2004

We investigated the anatomical aspects of vitrification in peace poplar. Comparisons were made with regard to characteristics occurring between hyperhydric and normal shoots in shoot proliferation cultures on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L BA. Compared with normal plants, hyperhydric plants had thick, curled, and dark green leaves. Hyperhydric stems were thicker and shorter than those of normal stems. When examined under the microscopes, the mesophyll palisade cells of hyperhydric leaves were vacuolated, whereas those of normal leaves contained normal and enriched vacuole with cytoplasm. Generally, the hyperhydric leaves showed poorly developed palisade parenchyma, and revealed irregular and bigger sized intercellular structures in both palisade and spongy parenchyma as well as epidermis cells compare to those of normal leaves. In addition, the hyperhydric leaves had lower stomatal density and bigger sized cell. Vascular tissues of hyperhydic stems were less differentiated because of poorly lignified xylem tissue. The greatly expanded cortical cells and pith appeared to be the main cause of thick stems as compared with normal stems.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2023

Light is an important factor that influences the growth and development of flowering plants. The present study investigated the effects of in vitro acclimatization to different light colors (white light (WL; control), blue light (BL; 447 nm), green light (GL; 519 nm), and red light (RL; 667 nm)) on the growth of petunia (Petunia hybrida) and of hardening cultivation of plant transferred form in vitro to a greenhouse under sunlight. Compared to the control, the shoot length and leaf width of Petunia increased by 42% and 11.7%, respectively, after acclimatization to BL and the shoot growth increased by 29.3% after acclimatization to RL. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents after acclimatization to BL and GL were 16.7% and 11.3% higher, respectively, and 14.4% and 11.9% higher, respectively, than those in the control. During greenhouse cultivation, the shoot length increased by 16.7% and 11.3%, respectively, after acclimatization to BL and RL, respectively, and the leaf length and leaf width increased by 14.4% and 11.9%, respectively, after acclimatization to GL. While dry weight of root of GL and BL was not significant difference in vitro, increased by 59.0% and 22.9% ex vitro than that of WL. Thus, acclimatization to BL increased the shoot growth and leaf chlorophyll contents, and acclimatization to GL and RL enhanced shoot and root growth, in petunia.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2007

This experiment was carried out to compare weed occurrence and to evaluate the field performance of some leguminous plant species under no-weeding fallow condition during summer months from middle of June to middle of August. In 2005 and 2006, the first dominant weed species was Digitaria sanguinalis, and other major weed species, such as Cyperus amuricus, Portulaca oleracea, and Amaranthus retroflexus, were similar among treatments. In both years, total shoot dry weight of weeds was the highest In the control plot, and the lowest in the cowpea plot, indicating that cowpea most effectively suppressed the growth of weeds among treatments. When the growth of four different leguminous species were compared after seeding during middle of June in 2006, cowpea and rice bean grew vigorously under no-weeding condition during hot and humid summer months, while wild soybean and hairy vetch did not. Shoot dry weight was in the order of cowpea > rice bean > wild soybean > hairy vetch. In conclusion, cowpea is a leguminous species which can be used as a green manure cover crop during summer months under no-weeding and our climate condition. Further works are needed to use cowpea as a green cover crop during summer months for various cropping systems.