• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.151-157
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and apply an environmental impact assessment program for apartment building elements, based on the building materials of the LCI DB, which can link the LCA results of building materials and buildings. Method: For this purpose, a framework for building elements was established, and several building material combinations were developed. In addition, the LCA method for quantifying environmental load emissions from the building materials of each site was applied to establish an environmental impact database of the building materials of the LCI DB. Result: An environmental impact assessment program, based on a Microsoft Excel worksheet, was developed for apartment building elements. This program can link the environmental impact assessment of building materials and building units. To validate the program evaluation results that were obtained in this study, a comparative analysis was carried out using the results of existing evaluation methods. The error rate was estimated to be 5% for environmental impact assessment using existing evaluation methods.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.5-12
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• 2016

Purpose: Quasi-steady state simulations have played a pivoting role to expand the user group of simulation to design engineers and architects in Korea. Initially they are introduced in the market as a building energy performance rating tool. In domestic practice, however, quasi-steady state simulations seem to be regarded as a de facto simulation only available for energy retrofit. Selection of ECMs and economic feasibility analysis are being decided through these tools, which implies that running these tools has become a norm step of the Investment-grade Audit. Method: This study aims at identifying issues and problems with the current practice via test cases, analyzing the reasons and opportunities, and then eventually suggesting proper uses of quasi-steady state and dynamic simulations. Result: The functionality of quasi-steady state simulations is more optimized to the rating. If they are to used for energy retrofits, their off-the-shelf functions also need to be expanded for customization and detailed reports. Yet their roles may be limited only to the go/no go decision; because their algorithms are still weak at precisely estimating energy and load savings that are required for making investment decisions compared to detailed simulations.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2014

With high acknowledgements of environmental conservation and energy saving, many architectural technologies using renewable energy have been recently applied at buildings which take about 20% of total energy consumption. Among renewable energy sources, the photovoltaic is considered as the most highly potential one due to advantages of infiniteness and cleanliness. Also, projects to install renewable energy systems have been continuously performed at deteriorated educational facilities as energy efficient remodeling projects or green school projects by the Korean government. This paper proposes appropriate capacities by school level on installing photovoltaic systems at deteriorated school buildings, based on the balance of annual electricity power demand and supply between buildings and systems. Using the Visual DOE program and Merit program, the appropriate installment capacity of photovoltaic system turned out be 40kWp at elementary school building and 60kWp at middle and high ones. In addition, annual energy use proved to be reduced by 20.2% at elementary school, 26.9% at middle school, and 21.0% at high school by installing photovoltaic systems with the appropriate capacities.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.53-63
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• 2014

Caltech's Linde-Robinson Laboratory was originally built in 1932 featuring a Spanish mission-style design, whose function was to facilitate a solar observatory with a coelostat solar telescope dome and a solar shaft extending from the roof to more than 36.58m below the ground. The building has now been transformed into a cutting-edge center for research and instruction in global environmental science that retains its original character while setting new standards in energy efficiency and green design. It is the first LEED Platinum lab in the USA for renovation of a historical research building, consuming only one-sixth of the energy that the lab's comparable laboratories do. This work introduces various energy and environmental strategies hired for its sustainable rehabilitation and, especially, examines the functional validity of solar telescope daylighting by a coelostat. Observations were made on the llumination of underground floors, where illuminances of 40~50 lx were measured.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2015

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of energy metabolism. Previous studies have shown that activation of AMPK results in suppression of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy via inhibition of the p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) and eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF2) signaling pathways. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol found in green tea, possesses multiple protective effects on the cardiovascular system including cardiac hypertrophy. However, the molecular mechanisms has not been well investigated. In this study, we found that EGCG could significantly reduce natriuretic peptides type A (Nppa), brain natriuretic polypeptide (BNP) mRNA expression and decrease cell surface area in H9C2 cardiomyocytes stimulated with phenylephrine (PE). Moreover, we showed that AMPK is activated in H9C2 cardiomyocytes by EGCG, and AMPK-dependent pathway participates in the inhibitory effects of EGCG on cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that the effect of EGCG against cardiac hypertrophy may be attributed to its activation on AMPK-dependent signaling pathway, suggesting the therapeutic potential of EGCG on the prevention of cardiac remodeling in patients with pressure overload hypertrophy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.83-84
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• 2023

Wall structure smart modular is a building construction method where modules are manufactured in a factory and assembled on-site. This method is gaining popularity in the construction industry as it reduces construction time and mitigates risks such as material supply and labor costs. Wall structure smart modular is necessary as it provides comfortable temporary classroom space during renovation and remodeling of aging school buildings. The structure and characteristics of each type of temporary classroom modular were compared, and wall structure modular showed superior performance in terms of height and weight competitiveness compared to mixed structures. With these advantages, wall structure modular can ensure economic efficiency and recyclability as a temporary classroom. In the future, we aim to compare and analyze the standards such as inter-floor noise and heat transfer coefficient for wall structure and mixed structures.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.58-69
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• 2016

As issue of global environment, Korea government sets the specific goal to reduce CO2 emission by 26.9% in construction industry up to 2020. Korea government is encouraging Greenremodeling and progressing the pilot to establish the guideline and instruction. However, There is a lack of the study on establishing process, tasks of Greenremodeling, and Greenremodeling guidelines and instructions are also insufficient, so the vitalization of Greenremodeling is difficult. Therefore, the purpose of this study is deducting Greenremodeling process and the critical enhancement task of Greenremodeling. For that, deducting the Greenremodeling tasks through analyzing of previous research and taking counsel from experts, and drawing the critical enhancement tasks of Greenremodeling using IPA method. From now on, It is conducted in Greenremodeling business and expected to contribute Greenremodeling market.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

Currently, apartments have become an important research subject for the overall area of politics, economics, and culture as well as urban architectural study. However, there are few analyses of the research trends related to the current interest in the apartment research and prediction of the future changes of an apartment in politics and industry. In this study, the research information related to the apartment has classified, and the changes in the research trends have analyzed. Based on the classified data, the first thesis and dissertation related to the apartment and changes of academic notation have discovered. In addition, future interests and future research directions through Frequency of Appearance, Degree Centrality Analysis, and Betweenness Centrality Analysis of author keywords were predicted. As a result of the analysis, 'Space,' 'Residential Mobility' and 'Apartment Complex' studies were found to be important research topics throughout the entire period. 'Han Gang Apartment,' 'Small Size Apartment,' 'Civic Apartments,' 'Jamsil,' and 'Child' were newly interested topics until 70's era. '(Super) High-rise Apartment,' 'Perception,' 'Jugong Apartment,' 'Housing Environment,' 'Housewife,' 'Apartment Layout,' and 'Busan' were newly interested topics during the 80's and 90's era. 'Apartment Price,' 'Energy,' 'Remodeling,' 'Noise,' 'Resident Satisfaction,' 'Community,' and 'Apartment Lotting-out' were newly interested topics after the year 2000. New concerns for last decade are found to be 'Super High-rise Apartment', 'Remodeling', 'Indoor'(2007), 'Apartment Reconstruction Project', 'Brand', 'AHP', 'Housing Environment'(2008), 'Ventilation'(2009), 'Apartment Lotting-out'(2010), 'Economic Assessment'(2011), 'Cost'(2012), 'Green Building', 'Apartment Sales', 'Law', 'Society'(2013), 'Floor Impact Noise', 'Seoul'(2014), 'Noise'(2015), 'Hedonic Model'(2016). In addition, following research topics are expected to be active in the future: In maturity stage of the research development is going to be 'Apartment Price', 'Space', 'Management of Apartment Housing'; the hedonic model, which is research growth and development stage, is going to be '(Floor Impact) Noise', 'Community', 'Energy.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.551-557
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• 2017

Most European economies, Japan, and many governments have made it a major policy to expand the green business by disseminating heat pump technology, which has a large $CO_2$ reduction effect. The heat pump of all heat sources has been recognized as renewable energy and the policy to encourage has been implemented. In the recently revised Renewable Energy Law, the hydrothermal source (surface sea water) heat pump was newly included in renewable energy. In addition, the scope of application of heat pumps has expanded in the mandatory installation of renewable energy for new buildings, remodeling buildings, and reconstructed buildings based on this law. However application to heat pumps using all natural energy as heat source has been put off. In this revision, the ratio of renewable energy to the total energy produced by the heat pump was fixed at 73%, which depends on coefficient of performance of heat pump. The ratio of renewable energy is $1-1.8/COP_H$, and should be calculated including the coefficient of performance of the heat pump. Using a high efficiency heat pump or a high-temperature heat source increases the coefficient of performance and also reduces $CO_2$ emissions. It is necessary to expand the application of heat pumps as renewable energy equipment and to improve the correct calculation of renewable energy production.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

This study is aimed to redesign established parks and to propose a series of devices protecting them from vandalism. To solve the problems, we ascertained the damaged areas of the park greens. The trace analysis was performed to grasp the transverse inside the parks of Jeonju and Iksan in Collabuldo. Then, we presented the basic plan for minimizing park damage and for remodeling the system of movement. The results of the study are summarized as follows: it is identified that the transverse phenomenon is considerably wide-spread in majority of parks, and has no relationship to the park area or the green area. It is considered that the $\ulcorner$Condition rating class$\lrcorner$ of grass damage, which is grade 6, is extraordinarily high and the damage is accumulated considerably. Also, the damage part of other grade is discovered equally, and when unattended, the acceleration of damage is positive. A damage width a 0.5∼1.5m makes up the greater part of 79.6%. It also constitutes most of a rectilinear form. The difference in the height between the original point and destination point is below 0.7m, which is above 70%. It is identified that the interrelationship between the damage continuation length and plan distance is relatively high by the simple regression: analysis and by Pearson' correlation analysis. In spite of the normal damage continuation length is 20m, the frequency degree is downward with extreme point at 10m. Accordingly, it is assumed that park users have physical and psychological pressure when they cross the lawn field. Damage types are classified as the Simple cut cross type, the Behavioral facilitates type, Access advantage type and the Strolling type through type classification. It is considered that this classification is effective when identifying short pass type on lawn field according to the damage length and intensity.