• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.377-385
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Abundant consumption of seaweeds in the diet is epidemiologically linked to the reduction in risk of developing cancer. In larger cases, however, identification of particular seaweeds that are accountable for these effects is still lacking, hindering the recognition of competent dietary-based chemo preventive approaches. The aim of this research was to establish the antiproliferative potency and angiosuppressive mode of action of Stoechospermum marginatum seaweed methanolic extract using various experimental models. MATERIALS/METHODS: Among the 15 seaweeds screened for antiproliferative activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cell line, Stoechospermum marginatum extract (SME) was found to be the most promising. Therefore, it was further investigated for its anti-proliferative activity in-vitro against choriocarcinoma (BeWo) and non-transformed Human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells, and for its anti-migratory/tube formation activity against HUVEC cells in-vitro. Subsequently, the angiosuppressive activity of S. marginatum was established by inhibition of angiogenesis in in-vivo (peritoneal angiogenesis and chorioallantoic membrane assay) and ex-vivo (rat cornea assay) models. RESULTS: Most brown seaweed extracts inhibited the proliferation of EAT cells, while green and red seaweed extracts were much less effective. According to the results, SME selectively inhibited proliferation of BeWo cells in-vitro in a dose-dependent manner, but had a lesser effect on HEK 293 cells. SME also suppressed the migration and tube formation of HUVEC cells in-vitro. In addition, SME was able to suppress VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the chorio allantoic membrane, rat cornea, and tumor induced angiogenesis in the peritoneum of EAT bearing mice. A decrease in the microvessel density count and CD31 antigen staining of treated mice peritoneum provided further evidence of its angiosuppressive activity. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, the data underline that VEGF mediated angiogenesis is the target for the angiosuppressive action of SME and could potentially be useful in cancer prevention or treatment involving stimulated angiogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 1992

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was fractionated into leaf nutrient concentrate, fiber and deproteinised juice (DPJ). The fresh and fermented DPJs were concentrated and referred to as fresh deproteinised juice concentrate (FDPJC) and fermented deprotenised juice concentrate (FMTD DPJC). The FDPJC and FMTD DPJC were separately mixed with dried fiber and ensiled. Wilted crop silage and fresh fiber silage were also prepared from the same material crop. The nutritive value of these four silages were compared using four goats by $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Green crop fractionation resulted lesser amount of crude protein and ash, and higher amount of neurtal detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and hemicellulose in fresh fiber. The pH of fresh fiber silage was lower than that of the other silages. Addition of FDPJC or FMTD DPJC to the dried fiber at ensiling did not improve the silage qualities; but all the silages were satisfactorily preserved. Goats fed these silages showed similar ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations. But addition of FMTD DPJC was effective on increasing ruminal acetic acid concentration reducing propionic acid concentration. Ruminal n- and iso- butyric acid concentrations were proportional to that of propionic acid. High ammonia content of the silage containing FMTD DPJC was reflected to the ruminal ammonia concentration, urinary nitrogen excretion and serum urea level of goats. Inclusion of FDPJC or FMTD DPJC added 15 to 25% dry matter to the fiber silages with a little reduction in the digestibilities of most components of the silages.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.140-146
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted in order to study the physiological characteristics of Sedum takevimense in different moisture conditions. The photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and the respiratory rate were determined by using a photable photosynthesis system. According to the results, the best illumination range and moisture range were explicitly selected. The highest photosynthetic rate was at $600{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, and after this value, the trend showed a reduction. When the moisture was 11.31%, the photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency reached maximum value, but the respiratory rate reached maximum value at 7.91%. According to the measured values, the best illumination range was $600{\sim}1,200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and the best moisture range was 7.09~11.31%.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.520-524
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• 2011

Porous W with controlled pore characteristics was fabricated by a freeze-drying process. $WO_3$ powder and camphene were used as the source materials of W and sublimable vehicles, respectively. Camphene slurries with $WO_3$ contents of 10 and 15 vol% were prepared by milling at $50^{\circ}C$ with a small amount of oligomeric polyester dispersant. Freezing of a slurry was done in a Teflon cylinder attached to a copper bottom plate cooled at $-25^{\circ}C$ while the growth direction of the camphene was unidirectionally controlled. Pores were generated subsequently by sublimation of the camphene during drying in air for 48 h. The green body was hydrogen-reduced at $800^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and sintered in a furnace at $900^{\circ}C$ for 1 h under a hydrogen atmosphere. Microstructural observation revealed that all of the sintered samples were composed of only W phase and showed large pores which were aligned parallel to the camphene growth direction. The porosity and pore size increased with increasing camphene content. The difference in the pore characteristics depending on the slurry concentration may be explained by the degree of powder rearrangement in the slurry. The results strongly suggest that a porous metal with the required pore characteristics can be successfully fabricated by a freeze-drying process using metal oxide powders.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.448-454
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• 2007

Hydrothermal synthesis was conducted with starting material as Barium hydroxide and hydrous titania ($TiO_2{\cdot}xH_2O$) to obtain barium titanate fine Powder. The conversion, crystal structure and properties of as-prepared powder were investigated according to reaction temperature, time and concentration. The effect of variables on conversion was in order of time < temperature < concentration and the maximum conversion reached to 99.5% in the case of hydrothermal synthesis at $180^{\circ}C$ for 2 h with 2.0 M reactant concentration. At low concentration such as 0.25 M, formation of unreacted $BaCO_3$ and $TiO_2$ was not inevitable at even high reaction temperature and these components converted into $BaTi_2O_5$ at high temperature and remained as impurity. As concentration of reactant increased, the size of as-synthesized $BaTiO_3$ powder deceased and Ba/Ti molar ratio approached into 1, showing Ba/Ti ratio of $1{\pm}0.005$ for reaction at $180^{\circ}C$ for 2 h with 2.0 M concentration.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2005

In the absence of exogeneous nitrogen supply, evaluation of a symbiosis effectiveness of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 in a supernodulating soybean mutant, SS2-2, its wild type, Sinpaldalkong 2, and control genotype, Jangyeobkong, was conducted in this study. Nodules in SS2-2 were initially white and similar to its wild type, Sinpaldalkong 2. At the late stage, the wild type nodules became dark pinkish by maturation, by contrast, mature nodules in SS2-2 remained light green to pinkish, indicating a lack of leghemoglobin. Tap root length was short in nodulated symbiotic SS2-2 than that of its wild type and the control genotype. Nodulated root length and nodule density on root length were significantly increased by B. japonicum inoculation, but no significant increase was observed on root length and percentage of nodulation to total root length. Regardless of Bradyrhizobium inoculation, SS2-2 showed higher nodule dry weight and higher acetylene reduction activity (ARA) when compared with its wild type and the control genotype. Inoculation of B. japonicum leaded the increase of ARA in 47 days after planting (DAP), in part because of nodule development. Supernodulating mutant, SS2-2, less responded to B. japonicum induction in terms of nitrogen fixation and nodulation characteristics than its wild type. Thus, interaction of supernodulating soybean mutant with Bradyrhizobium had less symbiotically associated response than normal nodulating soybean.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1932-1941
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• 2017

DFC-2, a methyl 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-7,12-dioxo-7,12-dihydrodinaphtho[1,2-b:2',3'-d]furan-6-carboxylate, is reported to have antitubercular effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. At concentrations ranging from 0.19 to $0.39{\mu}g/ml$, DFC-2 inhibited both drugusceptible and -resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Microarray analyses were employed to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of DFC-2's action in M. tuberculosis. The most affected functional gene category was "lipid biosynthesis," which is involved in mycolic acid synthesis. The decrease in transcription of genes related to mycolic acid synthesis was confirmed by RT-PCR. Furthermore, we found that DFC-2 triggered a reduction in mycolic acid levels, showing a similar pattern to that of mycolic acid synthesis inhibitor isoniazid. These results may explain how this compound kills mycobacteria efficiently by inhibiting mycolic acid synthesis.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.491-498
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• 1994

The integral equation method is used for magnetotelluric (MT) modeling of a finite inhomogeneity in a two-layered earth. An integral equation relates the incident plane-wave field and the scattering currents in the three-dimensional (3-D) inhomogeneity through the electric tensor Green's function appropriate to a layered earth. This paper describes an effect of overburden and basement on MT responses of 3-D body. The effect of overburden is to reduce the detectability of target, and the reduction of detectability is more apparent for conductive overburden than for resistive one. The effect of basement, on the other hand, may enhance the anomaly due to 3-D body in the upper layer. In case of the resistive basement current perturbations about the body tend to be confined to the more conductive upper layer.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

To improve the $NO_X$ conversion over a SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalyst, the DOC (diesel oxidation catalyst) is usually placed upstream of the SCR catalyst to enhance the fast SCR reaction ($4NH_3+2NO+2NO_2{\rightarrow}4N_2+6H_2O$) using equimolar amounts of NO and $NO_2$. Here, a ratio of $NO_2/NO_X$ above 50% should be avoided, because the reaction with $NO_2$ only ($4NH_3+4NO+O_2{\rightarrow}4N_2+6H_2O$) is slower than the standard SCR reaction ($4NH_3+4NO+O_2{\rightarrow}4N_2+6H_2O$). In order to accurately predict the performance characteristics of SCR catalysts, it is therefore desired to develop a more simple and reliable mathematical and kinetic models on the oxidation kinetics of nitric oxide over a DOC. In the present work, the prediction accuracy and limit of three different chemical reaction kinetics models are presented to describe the chemicophysical characteristics and conversion performance of DOCs. Steady-state experiments with DOCs mounted on a light-duty four-cylinder 2.0-L turbocharged diesel engine then are performed, using an engine-dynamometer system to calibrate the kinetic parameters such as activation energies and preexponential factors of heterogeneous reactions. The reaction kinetics for NO oxidation over Pt-based catalysts is determined in conjunction with a transient one-dimensional (1D) heterogeneous plug flow reactor (PFR) model with diesel exhaust gas temperatures in the range of 115~$525^{\circ}C$ and space velocities in the range of $(0.4{\sim}6.5){\times}10^5\;h^{-1}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

Owing to increase of meteorological disasters by climate change, it needs to study of climate change which will be able to deal with adaption for basic local authorities. A case study area of Yesan have been impacted by land-use which alter natural environment demage. It has led to micro-climate change impacts in rural area, Yesan. In order to adapt to the effects, this paper estimated temperature change in productivity of fruits and conducted decline of nonpoint pollutant loadings. As the results of temperature change of effecting on growth of apple, since a rise in temperature have not increased high, therefore the apple productivity could not be influence until 2030s. While the apple productivity could be declined 14.8% in 2060s. In addition, it supposes that the productivity would be decreased 44.5% in 2090s. Furthermore, it showed that the apple maturity has become worse, because length of high temperature has dramatic increased 54.2% in 2030s, 103.2% in 2060s and 154.0% in 2060s beside 2000, respectively, compared with 2000. As results of analysing between the future rainfall characteristics and nonpoint pollutant loadings, the subject of reduction of nonpoint pollutant was efficiency when it implemented around Oga-myeon or Deoksan-myeon Dun-ri. This study classified the region more detail each Eup and Myeon after that it analysed the rural region impacts of climate change for basic local authorities. Hence, this study is able to predict adaptation of rural region impacts of climate change. Due to increase of green house gases emission, meteorological disasters could often occur in the future. Therefore, it needs follow-up studies that assess climate change of effecting on rural region.