• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.389-396
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• 1992

Provitamin A carotenoids($\alpha$- $\beta$-carotene lutein capsanthin) cintents in various red pepper and red pepper products were analyzed by HPLC and UV/VIS spectroscopy. The amounts of $\beta$-carotene and capsanthin were at its highest in powdered red pepper and lutein in red pepper leaves. There are little $\alpha$-carotene present in all samples analyzed. So vitamin A activity was calculated only from $\beta$-carotene content. Capsanthin and $\beta$-carotene contents of red pepper were higher than those of green pepper whereas lutein content of red pepper was lower than that of green pepper. whereas lutein content of red pepper was lower than that of green pepper. Vitamin A activity from colorimetric analysis was higher than that from chromatographic method and results were not generally in accordance with the vitamin A data presented in current food composition tables. Vitamin A activities in retinol equivalent(R. E. ) of green pepper red pepper powdered red pepper fermented red pepper paste and red pepper leaves were 70, 570, 1, 340, 140, 980 R. E respectively.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2007

고추 자원을 최대 활용하고, 농가의 수익을 올리기 위하여, 청고춧가루로 김치를 제조한 후 홍고춧가루와 김치와 pH, 총산도, 생균수, 젖산균수 및 관능 등을 비교 검토하였다. 청고추 김치와 홍고추 김치의 pH 및 총산도의 변화 양상은 거의 같은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 두 김치의 적숙기 초기에서 말기까지, 생균수와 젖산균수에 있어서도 거의 같은 양상을 보였다. 그리고 관능은 청고추 김치가 홍고추 김치에 비해 전반적으로 아주 낮은 값을 보였는데, 이는 김치의 붉은 색에 대한 기본 관념 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2006

This study analyzed the characteristics of single-harvested pepper flakes and investigated the effects of the addition of red and green pepper flakes on the quality of various dressings. Moisture contents of red and green pepper flakes were $14.57{\pm}0.13%\;and\;11.86{\pm}0.12%$, capsaicinoids contents on a dry-weight basis were $207.91{\pm}6.68\;mg/100\;g\;and\;172.32{\pm}5.94\;mg/100\;g$, and total free sugars were $21.63{\pm}1.81%\;and\;12.49{\pm}0.56%$, respectively. ASTA color of red pepper flakes was $150.93{\pm}4.56$. Viable cell numbers of red and green pepper flakes were $3.9X10^4\;CFU/g\;and\;5.2X10^5\;CFU/g$, respectively. The pH values in French dressing and Italian dressing, with added red and green pepper flakes, were slightly increased, but not in American Caesar dressing. Acidity and viscosity weren't statistically different in the 3 kinds of dressings by the addition of red and green pepper flakes. The color difference $({\Delta}E^*_{ab})$ for the storage periods was calculated in each dressing and that of American Caesar dressing with added red pepper flakes was extremely high. Viable cell number in each dressing was maintained at 2 log CFU/g during the storage periods. The sensory characteristics during the storage periods were assessed by members of a trained panel, and showed that the color and pungency of red and green flakes increased the overall preference in the Italian dressing and American Caesar dressing.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.451-467
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• 2018

Hot pepper has anti-obesity effects by controlling appetite and reducing blood fat level. To reduce the pungency of capsaicin, red or green hot pepper juice was fermented with Bacillus licheniformis SK1230. Fermented hot pepper juice was then added into yogurt at different ratios. The pH of yogurt added with hot pepper juice was decreased from 4.61 to 4.48. Titratable acidity and counts of lactic acid bacteria were increased with increasing amount of pepper juice added. However, the viscosity was decreased significantly compared to the control. On chromaticity test, when more pepper juice was added, $L^*-value$ was decreased whereas $a^*$- and $b^*$- values were increased significantly (p<0.05). The spectrum of antimicrobial activity of yogurt was slightly changed compared to using pepper juice. Total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity were increased with increasing amount of pepper juice added. Stirred yogurt added with fermented red pepper juice at 3% or green pepper juice at 1% showed high scores in flavor, appearance, texture, and overall acceptance in sensory test. Yogurt added with fermented pepper juice with reduced pungency showed also good palatability during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Yogurt with added hot pepper juice can be play an important role in functional food relative to anti-obesity.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.581-590
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• 2011

Organic farming is rapidly expanding worldwide. Crop growth in organic systems greatly depends on the functions performed by soil microbes, and nutrient supply weed suppression by green manure crops input. Four red-pepper production systems were compared: 1) bare ground (conventional system); 2) hairy vetch monoculture; 3) rye monoculture; and 4) hairy vetch-rye mixture. Soil inorganic N reached the peak at 30 DAI and hairy vetch monoculture was the highest ($192mg\;kg^{-1}$) and soil total carbon was fluctuated sporadically during the experiment. Carbohydrate and phenolic compounds in soil kept significantly higher in green manure crops systems from 10 DBI to 30 DAI, however the level was the maximum at 10 DBI (carbohydrate) and 30 DAI (phenolic comounds). Incorporation of green manure crops residue enhanced soil microbial biomass C and N throughout the growing season except that MBN in rye was reduced after incorporation. Green manure crops systems suppressed weed occurrence and, in particular, it was prominent in rye monoculture. Mineral elements composition and production in red-pepper fruits were markedly decreased in green manure crops systems although hairy vetch monoculture has come close to bare ground (NPK-applied). Therefore, it was suggested that higher biomass production should be performed not only to improve soil quality and suppress weeds but to yield suitable red-pepper fruits in green manure crops-based organic farming.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2012

본시험은 고추 연작으로 인해 염류가 집적되고 병충해가 빈번히 발생되는 고추 비가림하우스내 동계 녹비작물이 고추의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 경상북도 농업기술원 영양고추시험장 친환경 고추재배 비가림하우스에서 우리나라에서 겨울철에 월동 가능한 자생콩과 녹비작물을 중심으로 시험을 실시하였다. 다섯가지 녹비작물인 재배완두, 새완두, 살갈퀴, 헤어리베치와 호밀을 가을에 파종하여 이듬해 봄에 녹비작물을 경운과 무경운 상태에서 고추를 재배한 결과는 다음과 같다. 동계 녹비작물의 경운 유무에 따른 건물량은 경운에서 ha 당 8.3 ton이었고, 무경운재배에서는 7.0 ton이었다. 녹비작물별 건물량은 경운 무경운 동일하게 호밀에서 16.6, 14.6 ton으로 가장 많았고, 콩과 녹비작물에서는 살갈퀴가 6.6, 5.7 ton으로 양호하였다. 식물체내 질소 함유량은 살갈퀴와 새완두에서 높게 나타났으며, ha당 질소 공급량은 경운에서 살갈퀴가 226 kg, 호밀이 251 kg이었으며, 무경운재배시 살갈퀴는 197, 호밀은 222 kg이었다. 녹비작물의 경운과 무경운재배에 따른 고추 수량에서 주당 수확과수는 경운재배에서 55.5개로 무경운의 37개보다 18.5개가 더 많아 수량은 7.5 ton으로 무경운에 비해 약 67% 증수되었다. 경운과 무경운에서 공히 녹비작물별 고추의 수량은 질소질 비교의 공급량이 많았던 살갈퀴에서 현저히 많았던 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.713-720
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• 2017

본 연구는 파프리카와 고추 간의 품종별, 색깔별로 나누어 조리방법에 따라 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산의 함량을 비교하고자 하였다. 또한, 4종류의 시료를 서로 다른 조리방법(삶기, 굽기, 볶기, 튀기기, 찌기, 로스팅, 전자레인지)을 사용하였고, 이를 통해 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산의 잔존율과 각각의 함량에 대한 색, 종류, 조리방법의 상관성을 조사하였다. 파프리카와 고추는 모두 조리과정에서 중량이 감소하였다. 베타카로틴, 엽산의 함량은 색깔, 종류, 조리방법의 영향을 받았고(P<0.05), 비타민 E의 함량은 영향을 크게 받지 않았다. 조리 전 시료의 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산 함량(mg/100 g) 범위는 각각 95.4(풋고추)~2,441.1(홍고추), 0.7(녹색 파프리카)~4.2(적색 파프리카), 6.2(풋고추)~148.7(홍고추)로 나타났다. 조리 후 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산의 함량은 각각 튀긴 홍고추, 로스팅한 홍고추, 삶은 홍고추에서 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 잔존율의 경우 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산이 각각 77.3(홍고추-삶기)~356.4(풋고추-로스팅)%, 2.0(홍고추-전자레인지)~789.3(녹색 파프리카-튀기기)%, 20.9(홍고추-전자레인지)~445.1(풋고추-찌기)% 범위로 나타났다. 홍고추를 제외한 나머지 모든 시료에서 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산이 조리방법에 상관없이 75% 이상의 높은 잔존율을 보였다. 홍고추의 비타민 E와 엽산은 튀기기와 전자레인지에서 2.0~32.1% 범위로 낮은 잔존율을 보였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합해 보았을 때 파프리카와 고추의 조리 전후에 대한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각하며, 전자레인지를 이용한 조리방법에 따른 영양소 파괴에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1995

This study was conducted to standardize ingredient ratio and preparation method of mafor traditional special kimchies in kyungsang province, korea. There were about 35 varieties of special kimchi in Kyungsang province. Six varieties of them such as burdock kimchi, wild leek kimchi, green thread onion kimchi, perilla leaf kimchi, Godulbaegi(Korean wild lettuce) kimchi, and red pepper leaf kimchi were selected, because they tasted good and the physiological functions of their main ingredients were excellent. The ingredient ratios of the selected special kimchi were standardized through surveying hereditary preparation of some families in kyungsang province and using the literatures including cooking books. The standardized ingredient ratio of the burdock kimchi was 15.1 pickled anchovy juice, 6.8 red pepper powder, 5.7 garlic, 2.2 ginger, 18.0 rice flour paste, 13.5 green thread onion, and 1.2 sesame seed in proportion to 100 of burdock. The standardized preparation step of the selected special kimchies was similar except some preprocessing methods of main ingredients. The diagonally cut-up burdock ws usually parboiled or soaked in salted water, then it was mixed with the other ingredients. Wild leek and green thread onion were usually pickled with salt or pickled anchovy juice. Sometimes the green thread onion pickled was dried in the sun. General preprocessing of perilla leaf, Korean wild lettuce, and red pepper leaf was soaking them in salted water for about 5-10 days. Sometimes red pepper leaf was heated with steam and dried in the sun, then it was mixed with the other ingredients.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.440-445
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• 1995

The antimutagenic effects of juices from green pepper(GP), red pepper leaf(RPL), red pepper(RP) and sweet pepper(SP) were examined by the Ames method using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The juice supernatants of GP, RPL and RP showed antimutagenic activities against afltoxin B1(AFB1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. The juice supermatants of GP and RPL also exhibited the inhibitory effects(p<0.05) to the mutagenicities induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO). The juice of RP showed antimutagenic activities against indirect mutagen of AFB1, however, the activity was reduced at higher concentration(5.0%), furthermore, as the adding concentration of sample increased to 5.0%, it exhibited slight comutagenicith on direct mutagen of MNNG. Theantimutagenic activities of GP and RPL juices were reduced significantly after heating at 100℃ for 20min, supposing that the antimutagenic compound(s) in the juices were heat labile.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2005

조리서 및 문헌을 통해 열무김치 및 열무물김치의 재료배합비 및 제조방법을 표준화하였다. 열무김치의 표준화과정에서 열무 이외에 사용빈도수가 50%이상인 부재료는 파와 홍고추였으며, 양념류로는 고춧가루, 마늘, 생강, 젓갈이 이에 속했다. 또한 재료 및 양념의 배합비는 절인 열무 100g에 대해 파 8.0$\pm$3.8, 마늘 2.5$\pm$1.3, 생강 1.6$\pm$0.7, 홍고추 7.0$\pm$1.7, 고춧가루 4.2$\pm$1.2, 젓갈 3.7$\pm$0.5로 나타났다. 열무물김치의 표준화과정의 경우, 사용빈도수가 50%이상인 부재료로는 풋고추, 홍고추, 파가, 양념류로는 마늘, 생강, 전분이 이에 속했으며, 열무물김치의 재료배합비의 표준화는 첨가된 물의 양을 기준으로 하였다. 즉, 물 100 mL에 대해 절인 열무 50.6$\pm$10.8, 파 3.3$\pm$1.3, 풋고추 3.3$\pm$1.9, 홍고추 2.4$\pm$1.3, 마늘 3.0$\pm$0.7, 생강 $1.5\pm$0, 전분 $1.5\pm$0.6의 비율로 나타났다.