• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2012

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is a highly-effective aftertreatment device for NOx reduction of diesel engines. Generally, the ammonia ($NH_3$) was generated from reaction mechanism of SCR in the SCR system using the liquid urea as the reluctant. Therefore, the precise urea dosing control is a very important key for NOx and $NH_3$ slip reduction in the SCR system. This paper investigated NOx and $NH_3$ emission characteristics of urea-SCR dosing system based on model-based control algorithm in order to reduce NOx. In the map-based control algorithm, target amount of urea solution was determined by mass flow rate of exhaust gas obtained from engine rpm, torque and $O_2$ for feed-back control NOx concentration should be measured by NOx sensor. Moreover, this algorithm can not estimate $NH_3$ absorbed on the catalyst. Hence, the urea injection can be too rich or too lean. In this study, the model-based control algorithm was developed and evaluated on the numerical model describing physical and chemical phenomena in SCR system. One channel thermo-fluid model coupled with finely tuned chemical reaction model was applied to this control algorithm. The vehicle test was carried out by using map-based and model-based control algorithms in the NEDC mode in order to evaluate the performance of the model based control algorithm.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2011

Objectives: The objective of this study is to compare the colour intensity of tongue body and that of tongue coat under the visible light and the ultraviolet light. Methods: We selected 7 subjects with completely or partially peeled tongue coat among the recruited 94 adults for the experiment. We took each tongue picture under the visible light and the ultraviolet light (315-400 nm) and then extracted sample images from the tongue body and tongue coat regions. Mean, median and mode of colour intensity from the sample images were calculated in 256 RGB system. Results: The green and the blue colour intensities of the tongue coats were significantly higher than those of the tongue bodies under the visible light. In all channels, the red, green and blue, the colour intensities of the tongue coats were significantly higher than those of the tongue bodies under the ultraviolet light. The colour differences between tongue coats and tongue bodies under the ultraviolet light were significantly higher than the colour differences under the visible light. Especially the colour difference under the ultraviolet light was highest in the green channel. Conclusions: We suggested that green colour image of the RGB system taken under the ultraviolet light could be used for more easy separating tongue coat region from tongue body.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.68-77
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• 2007

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of green tea extract (CUMS6335) on the release of CA evoked by cholinergic stimulation and direct membrane-depolarization in the perfused model of the adrenal gland isolated from the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and to establish the mechanism of action. Furthermore, it was also to test whether there is species difference between animals, and between CUMS6335 and EGCG, one of biologically the most powerful catechin compounds found in green tea. CUMS6335 $(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$, when perfused into an adrenal vein for 60 min, time-dependently inhibited the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh (5.32mM), high $K^+$(56 mM), DMPP $(100\;{\mu}M)$, and McN-A-343 $(100\;{\mu}M)$ from the isolated perfused adrenal glands of SHRs. However, CUMS6335 itself did fail to affect basal catecholamine output. Also, in adrenal glands loaded with CUMS6335 $(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$, the CA secretory responses evoked by Bay-K-8644 $(10\;{\mu}M)$ and cyclopiazonic acid $(10\;{\mu}M)$ were also inhibited in a relatively time-dependent fashion. However, in the Presence of EGCG $(8.0\;{\mu}g/ml)$ for 60 min, the CA secretory response evoked by ACh, high $K^+$, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644 and cyclopiazonic acid were not affected except for last period. Collectively, these results indicate that CUMS6335 inhibits the CA secretion evoked by stimulation of cholinergic (both nicotinic and muscarinic) receptors as well as by direct membrane-depolarization from the perfused adrenal gland of the SHR. It seems that this inhibitory effect of CUMS6335 is exerted by blocking both the calcium influx into the rat adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and the uptake of $Ca^{2+}$ into the cytoplasmic calcium store, which are at least partly relevant to the direct interaction with the nicotinic receptor itself. It seems likely that there is much difference in mode of the CA-releasing action between CUMS6335 and EGCG.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2001

This essay seeks new possibilities in experimental thinking and to find ways in which philosophy can aid humanistic imagination. In emphasizing logical precision, philosophy has so far ignored the role of imagination in philosophical logic and limited itself to deductive logic. Despite the obvious fact that no degree of logical precision can fully account for, nor provide complete expression for, the vast range of human thought, other modes of thinking have suffered in the shadow of deductive logic. But these non-deductive models of thinking can in many cases better explain the emotive, aesthetic logic of the humanities. The kinds of models (deductive and non-deductive) in humanistic thinking include dialectic, abductive, analogic, pragmatic, inductive, and deductive logic. Each mode of logical thinking may be assigned a color that represents its emotive characteristics: red for dialectics (opposition): blue for abduction (transcendence); yellow for analogy (flexibility); green for pragmatics (peace); violet/purple for induction (fantasy); and finally orange for deduction (trust). And each mode can also be keyed to major areas in humanistic thought, making up the following connections: dialectic-red-history; abduction-blue-literature; analogy-yellow-philosophy ; pragmatics-green-religion ; induction-violet/purple-arts; and deduction-orange-science. These connections serve to illustrate the interrelationship between emotion and intelligence, leading us toward considerations of emotional intelligence and intelligent emotion. The former is increasingly gaining attention, as the effect of 'mood space' on intelligence is being scrutinized. That the rate of suicide among mathematicians is very high points to the need for careful study of the reverse relationship between emotion and intelligence, intelligent emotion. The need for the latter is all the more pressing, as the emergence of new technology is allowing, even forcing, us more and more to experience the world intellectually (i.e., sans emotive experience) through a new virtual space called cyberspace.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.683-689
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• 2017

We have carried out the development for hydraulic breaker which can be operated by optimal mode with ICT convergence technology. This developed system can predict the rock properties. Moreover, this system can maximize the energy efficient with intelligent control of hydraulic system. In order to provide the optimal impact force, this system can measure the descending depth of piston with the proximity sensor and discriminate the rock properties with the measuring data and control the piston stroke using solenoid valve eventually. In addition, we have developed the controller, display module and operating device for cascade (multi-level impact) system and applied the module which can communicate each system by wireless communications. In conclusion, the control system which can control the multi-level impact in accordance with strength of rocks has been developed and approved by several field tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.423-431
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• 2022

The UPS(Uninterruptible Power Supply) system operates in the battery charging mode when the grid is normal, and in the UPS mode, which is the battery discharge mode when a grid error occurs. Since the UPS must supply the same voltage as the grid to the load within 4 [ms] in case of a grid error, the switching time and power recovery time should be short when controlling the output voltage and current of the UPS, and the power failure detection time is also important. The power outage detection algorithm using DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) proposed in this paper compares the grid voltage waveform with the voltage waveform including the 9th harmonic generated through DFT using Schmitt trigger to detect power outage faster than the existing power outage monitoring algorithm. There are advantages. Therefore, it is possible to supply instant and stable power when switching modes in the UPS system. The multi-power-applied UPS system proposed in this paper uses DFT, which is faster than the conventional blackout monitoring algorithm in detecting power failure, to provide stable power to the load in a shorter time than the existing power outage monitoring algorithm when a system error occurs. The detection method was applied. The changeover time of mode switching was set to less than 4 [ms], which is 1/4 of the system cycle, in accordance with KSC 4310 regulation, which was established by the Industrial Standards Council on the regulation of uninterruptible power supply. A 10 [kW] UPS system in which commercial voltage, vehicle generator, and auxiliary diesel generator can be connected to each of the proposed transfer devices was constructed and the feasibility was verified by conducting an experiment.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 2015

Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) signal planned for future Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provided better positioning accuracy and smaller multipath error than GPS C/A signal. However, due to the multiple side peaks in the auto-correlation function (ACF) of the BOC modulated signals, a receiver may false lock onto one of the side peaks in the tracking mode. This false lock would then result in a fatal tracking error. In this paper, we propose an unambiguous tracking method for composite BOC (CBOC) signals to mitigate this problem. It aims to reduce the side peaks of the ACF of CBOC modulated signals. It is based on the combination of traditional CBOC correlation function (CF) and reference CF of unmodulated pseudo- random noise code (PRN code). First, we present that cross-correlation function (CCF) with unmodulated PRN code is close to the secondary peaks of the traditional CBOC. Then, we obtain an unambiguous correlation function by subtracting traditional CBOC ACF from these CFs. Finally, the tracking performance for the CBOC signals is examined, and it is shown that the proposed method has better performance than the traditional unambiguous tracking method in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.2731-2736
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• 2013

We report a new tetrameric supramolecular Cu(II) complex ($Cu_4L_4$ = tetrakis(N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-2,2'-ethylenedianiline)Copper(II)) with a Schiff-base ligand ($H_2L$ = N,N'-bis (salicylaldimine)-1,2-ethylenediamine) containing two N,O-bidentate chelate groups. Though the copper sites of $Cu_4L_4$ are non-coupled, the complex exhibits a unsually high catecholase-like activity ($k_{cat}=935h^{-1}$) when the $Cu_4L_4$ solution is treated with 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (3,5-DTBC) at basic condition in the presence of air. Combined information obtained from UV-VIS and EPR measurements could lead the suggestion of the reaction pathway in which the substrate may bind to Cu(II) ions by anti-anti didentate bridging mode.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.139-147
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• 1997

Argon laser used in this case report, is special in having two wavelength of 488, 514nm blue-green visible light spectrum. Blue light is used for composite resin polymerization and caries detection. Green light is used for soft tissue surgery and coagulation. Maximum absorption of this laser light occurs in red pigmentation such as hemoglobin. The argon laser may be well-suited for selective destruction of blood clots and hemangioma with minimal damage to adjacent tissues. Argon laser light penetrates tissue to the 1 mm depth, so its thermal intensity is lower than $CO_2$ laser light. Also, due to its short wavelength it can be focused in a small spot and even single gene can be excised by this laser and microscopy. After applicating argon laser to 4 patient for surgical procedure and to 1 patient for curing the composite resin, following results were obtained. 1. Improved visibility were gained due to hemostasis and no specific technique were needed according to easy recontouring of the tissue. 2. Ability to use by contact mode, tactile sense was superior but tissue dragability and accumulation of tissue on the tip needed sweeping motion. 3. Additive local anesthetic procedure was needed. 4. No suture and less curing time reduced chair time, this made argon laser available in pediatric dentistry.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.92-101
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• 2004

A rational and logical sense of design often found in modernism(including minimalism) sometime deal with the criticism that such characteristics which derived from those of modernism, lack emotion31 qualities(arises from human feelings). It consequently took them to adopt traditional designs in the past, creating such conditions that constantly escapes from‘present’ one and back to the‘new’. This mode develops a trend in current interior design which decorative elements such as art work: traditional arts, folk crafts, flowers and green are much evident. Thus, using many decorative elements of the past(what was once banned since modernism), brings up the interesting point of view that needs to be discussed a new decorative trend if today's interior design. It will approach by comparing significances of past decorative expressions with present through which investigation, will show a better understanding of recent characteristics in interior designing, a.k.a, a current trend since minimalism, embracing important qualities of culture, ecology and people - against today's less-inspired, standardizing spaces.