• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.118-128
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• 2012

As the bearing wall structure, which has been widely applied to domestic apartment buildings since the 1980s, cause many problems during remodeling of buildings, the government encourages constructors to adopt flat plate or rahmen structure through legal incentives. In line with such a trend, the green frame, an eco-friendly rahmen structure that has removed the shortcomings of previous structures, was developed to enhance structural safety, constructability, and eco-friendliness. The construction of green frame can reduce the labor cost and facilitate the composition of iron bars to reduce rebar loss through calculating the quality and establishing the bar bending schedule automatically on the precast concrete member data collected over the design phase. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop the algorithm to automate the calculation of iron bar volume for the green frame designed on composite precast concrete members. Automated algorithm to calculate concrete structural design information and design information. Practices through the application site should prove efficacy. The database established by the developed algorithm will automate the establishment of iron bar processing map and bar cutting list and the calculation of optimal composition and order volume to minimize the rebar loss. This will also reduce the expenses on management staff and overall construction cost through the minimization of rebar loss.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.131-134
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• 2001

Green and plants, as it symbol the life and depute the nature, always give human an easy comfort psychologically. The paper is a brief analysis to the idea frame of urban construction and reform of Kunming through our practice about ten years. On which three main principles should be carefully considered. One is that the green-space composed of plant system is of the important infrastructure of a modern city as it can not be instead of by any other factor in the ecological system of the city. The other is that in the course of planning and construction the local feature as well as its culture tradition in history should be pied more attention. In order to create a distinguish character of itself the third may be more important that to coordinate each key elements of it such as green, water, light, building, road, etc., to get a harmonious sphere of human and nature. A modern city should be a green city in which nature and man co-exist harmoniously.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.87-109
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• 2013

While many surveys show very positive attitudes on the part of consumers towards eco-friendly products, the market share actually reflecting green IT purchases remains low in most countries. The motivations behind green IT purchase behavior are still obscure. Several studies have addressed the question of green IT diffusion from economic and normative viewpoints in an attempt to interpret IT adoption behavior. This study comes at the question from a different angle, namely negative frame, examining threat and coping behaviors using the Ordered Protection Motivation (OPM) model and threat appraisal theory. The results show that attitudes toward fairness and positive change, which are precedents of threat appraisal, play an important role in determining threat appraisal. Perceived threats in the green IT arena include habit change and ecological change. Appraisal for coping with these threats directly affects initial adoption behaviors regarding available green IT, and then indirectly encourages the purchase of new green IT products.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-5
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• 2020

By adapting black body leadflame and thin film type Green A filter, we successfully demonstrated night vision imaging system (NVIS) Green A compatible LED. Fabricated NVIS compatible LEDs show small form factor compared to that of commercialized NVIS compatible LED. Especially, NVIS radiance and chromaticity of MIL-STD-3009 specification can be satisfied simultaneously and easily by controlling the color temperature of the white LED as well as the concentration of the Green A dye and the thickness of the Green A filter. The optimal dye concentration of the NVIS Green A filter is expected to be about 1 wt%. The results of this study are expected to contribute to miniaturization, weight reduction and localization of avionic display and lighting devices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.6 s.119
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• pp.10-21
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper was to classify areas demanding to be transformed to green spaces and evaluate their grades for urban park and green networks. The results of this study are summarized below; 1. The results of the classified green spaces in the research areas fall into three types including children parks, neighborhood parks, and public green spaces. The three types of green spaces were analysed with recreational indexes. The zones disturbing the green-networks were sorted out. These zones should be changed into a supplementary green spaces for improving the recreational functions in the city. 2. For urban park and green networks, distances between the parks and size of the parks were adopted as indices. Based on the index of distances between the parks, disturbing zones were evaluated with 3 grades. The first grade includes primary industrial complexes and housing complexes. The second grade was observed mostly in industrial complex areas. The third grade includes housing complexes. Based on the indexes of size of parks, disturbing zones were evaluated with 2 grades. In the case of grade I, it appeared in housing complex. In the case of grade II, it appeared in industrial complex. 3. Then, we prioritized the disturbing zones with severity in order to make supplementary green spaces. Through the process, the zones of the grade I for two each recreational index were evaluated to two grades. The analysis results of evaluated zones were that grade II appeared over industrial and housing complexes widely. Grade I appeared over housing complexes. 4. It is necessary that the grade of disturbing zones should be considered as an order to make green spaces to supplement a green-network. For this, we formed a basic frame of a green-networks in Dalsu-Gu and placed the disturbing zones on the basic frame of a green-network. Consequently, The results were that the green-networks in Dalsu-Gu was composed on four green-network axes and its shape mirrored a cruciform (+) of northwest$\leftrightarrow$southeast direction and southwest$\leftrightarrow$northeast direction.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2010

The bearing wall apartments which occupy the majority of multi-residential apartment buildings built in Korea, are known for having limited architectural plan flexibility, posing challenges in terms of maintenance and remodeling. The economic losses and environmental issues resulting from the reconstruction of bearing wall apartments are now accumulating to the extent that they are becoming a national concern. Multi-residential apartment buildings, which are now the dominant form of residence in Korea, must accommodate diverse customer needs and changes in life style. A new concept of Rahmen structure with architectural flexibility is Green Frame. GF multi-residence housing is expected to reduce construction costs and shorten the construction schedule by overcoming the shortcomings of conventional bearing wall apartments. This goal is consistent with the national policies that target the reduction of resource and energy consumption. In addition, GF will be established as a core contributor to achieving a reduction in $CO_2$ emissions, which will enable the sustainable growth of domestic construction industry, and address the low-carbon green growth drive implemented by the government.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.96-97
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• 2014

Green Frame is a column-beam structure built by steel frame joints embedded in the columns and beams. Here, the steel frame embedded in the columns and beams is not a standardized product, instead it needs to be order-produced. The quantity for each steel frame size should be calculated to estimate the quantity of steel frames to be manufactured. However, it is highly time-consuming and requires a lot of effort in calculating the quantity of steel frames, for there are a wide range of steel frame types that are embedded in the columns and beams. To solve this problem, the study proposes an algorithm for calculation of the amount of steel frames with ease and promptness. When a program is developed using the algorithm proposed in the study in connection to the information on precast concrete members prepared in the design phase, it is anticipated that the manpower required as well as the manufacturing time will be decreased.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

Consumers demand an increasing variety of requirements for the residential space as the quality of life improves. However, many apartment buildings with the bearing wall structure cannot meet such demands in Korea. A lot of construction resources are squandered and wastes are created as this type of residential buildings is reconstructed. The life of apartment buildings needs to be extended on the basis of easy remodeling of internal space in order to overcome the limits of the bearing wall structure. This research project aims to propose the Rahmen composite frame concept for the long life of apartment buildings. The Rahmen composite frame is expected to have better structural performance, constructability and economic feasibility than the bearing wall structure.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.12-19
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• 2013

Green Frame is an environmentally friendly column-beam system composed of composite PC members that can increase buildings' life spans while reducing resource consumption. Typically, connections of PC and RC columns occur at the boundaries of each floor, which is at the upper section of slabs, causing the boundary of each floor to generate the maximum moment. Although it is not optimal in terms of structural safety to connect members at a location where the moment is high, this approach is highly adopted due to its constructability. We propose that a superior approach that employs the concept of connecting columns at the low bending moment zone can be applied to quickly and safely install green columns, the main structural members of Green Frame. Connection of green columns at the low bending moment zone can be classified into three techniques, depending on the method of reinforcing the joints, which have different connection characteristics and construction methods. Research is needed to compare the features of each method of reinforcing the joints so that the most appropriate column connection method can be chosen for the site conditions. This study aims to confirm the structural safety of the connection component at the low bending moment zone and to compare and analyze the construction duration, unit price, quality and safety performance of each column connection method. The study results are anticipated to activate the use of composite precast concrete and to be used as development data in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2012

The damage of greenhouse has been increasing due to frequent collapse of frame in greenhouse caused by the heavy snow and strong wind. But, greenhouses are constructed by steel tube members of pipe style and pin connection of them, so these greenhouses are very weak. Therefore, this study was carried out to find the type of member section and structural frame system in stress tolerant greenhouses. The modeling types for analysis were designed in accordance with structural frame configuration and member section in greenhouse. These types of models, which are existing type, diagrid type, symmetric and asymmetric section type of frame member in greenhouse were classified. Displacement analysis varying the vertical and horizontal loads for a series of models was carried out. As a result of this paper, it was verified that the structural frame configuration of diagrid type and asymmetric type of member section is better than existing type in the frame of greenhouses against snow loads and wind loads.