• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-41
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• 2001

Rheological properties of ink and Ink-Water balance are the important factors in lithographic printing. Laboratory test method which determines the emulsification rate of dampening solution and ink has been described. The emulsification theory and laboratory test method deduced from Surland and it has become a useful tool for the industry. The effects of pH value and surface tension of dampening solution on the emulsification rate has been tested by many researcher. In this paper we focused on the factors which influence in the emulsification such as pH and surface tension of dampening solution and emulsifying temperature. To study on the factors determining the emulsion velocity, we have measured water pickup and calculated emulsion velocity constant 'k' and activation energy.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.186-191
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• 2013

Earth equipments are essential to protect ITS facilities from abnormal situation. In this research, an estimation algorithm of earth parameters and equivalent resistivity is introduced. Traditional estimation methods can be divided into graphic method and numerical method. The result of graphic method is varied by the ability of expert or repeated calculation and it is hard to estimate the parameters precisely. The numerical method requires special techniques such as optimizing theory, and numerous calculations, whose results can be varied with initial values. The proposed algorithm is based on the relationship between apparent resistances and earth parameters and approximates the nonlinear characteristics of earth using ANN(artificial neural networks). The effectiveness of proposed method is verified in case studies.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 2002

Graphic User Interface has been playing a great role in giving people easy access of computer. The research of implementing graphic image on the computer display and inventing mouse were the threshold of GUI's birth in 1960s, and those were succeeded to developing the first GUI based-computer at the Xerox research center in 1970s. An education theory for the children and the visual metaphor of real life environment were adapted to implement GUI. They were continuously studied and tested in the beginning of creating the GUI concept and design method. In 1980s, the GUI concept and design method were generally applied to all personal computer development. Apple and Microsoft have led the commercialization of their GUI based-05, and also got their own positions in the market as GUI standards in 1990s. The first research for the GUI based-computer implementation in Xerox has established very clear concept and design methods. This GUI standards are evolving Into more convenient and natural ways in various computing environment and developing technologies these days.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.86
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• pp.8-15
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• 2008

This study is about the efficiency of graph theory that can be applied as the research analysis method in order to identify the relational location features of the caves favored as the ecological tourists attraction. Creating network with traffic nodes and surrounding tourists attractions in a certain space including the caves as the tourists attraction and structural analysis on the overall network using various kinds of index will be very useful method to identify the relational location features and benefits from linking the caves as the tourists attractions. In particular, it can be applied to set the spatial scope in the tourism development plan including the caves as the tourists attractions.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.381-391
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• 2011

One of the main interesting things of a matroid theory is the representability by a matroid from a matrix over some field F. The representability of uniform matroid $U_{m,n}$ over some field are studied by many authors. In this paper we construct a matrix representing $U_{3,6}$ over the field GF(4). Also we find out matrix of the affine matroid AG(2, 3) over the field GF(4).

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

The transient temperature distribution of materials during upsetting forming is very important for quality of upsetted workpiece and understanding the thermal characteristics of upsetting is essential for optimum control of the forming. In this paper it is shown that the governing equation of heat transfer for axi-symetric body can be derived from minimizing a functional, and from this theory, formulation of analysis by the finite element method is presented. It is also shown that the thermal contact resistance between two bodies can be represented by equivalent coefficient of heat conductivity. Some examples of calsulated transient temperature distributions by the computer program diveloped from the theory presented in this paper are given in graphic forms. It is proven that the results calculations are very plausible.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1669-1680
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• 2010

The phase-shifted version of the multichannel quantum-defect theory (MQDT) was reformulated by disentangling the interloper spectrum from the perturbed dense Rydberg series for a systems involving 2 closed and more than 1 open channel. The theory was applied successfully to Martins and Zimmermann's photoionization spectra of the Rydberg series Cu I $3d^9\;4s(^1D_2)\;nd^2G_{9/2}$ perturbed by the interloper, $3d^9\;4p^2\;^4F_{9/2}$, for which Cohen's 4 channel QDT had failed. The zero surface graphic of the perturbed Fano's asymmetry parameter q of the autoionization spectrum of dense Rydberg series by the interloper was determined by only two parameters for this system. It was used as a map to trace the transformation route of the 3 channel autoionization spectra to the 4 channel spectra when the channel coupling of the closed channels with a newly added open channel was turned on progressively.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.211-220
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• 2004

The Chaos theory of complexity and Fractal theory which became a prominent figure as a new paradigm of natural science should be understood not as whole, and not into separate elements of nature. Fractal Dimensions are used to measure the complexity of objects. We now have ways of measuring things that were traditionally meaningless or impossible to measure. They are capable of describing many irregularly shaped objects including man and nature. It is compatible method of application to express complexity of nature in the dimension of non-fixed number by placing our point of view to lean toward non-linear, diverse, endless time, and complexity when we look at our world. Fractal Dimension allows us to measure the complexity of an object. Having a wide application of fractal geometry and Chaos theory to the art field is the territory of imagination where art and science encounter each other and yet there has not been much research in this area. The formative word has been extracted in this study by analyzing objective data to grasp formative principle and geometric characteristic of (this)distinct figures of Fractals. With this form of research, it is not so much about fractal in mathematics, but the concept of self-similarity and recursiveness, randomness, devices expressed from unspeakable space, and the formative similarity to graphic design are focused in this study. The fractal figures have characteristics in which the structure doesn't change the nature of things of the figure even in the process if repeated infinitely many times, the limit of the process produces is fractal. Almost all fractals are at least partially self-similar. This means that a part of the fractal is identical to the entire fractal itself even if there is an enlargement to infinitesimal. This means any part has all the information to recompose as whole. Based on this scene, the research is intended to examine possibility of analysis of fractals in geometric characteristics in plasticity toward forms in graphic design. As a result, a beautiful proportion appears in graphic design with calculation of mathematic. It should be an appropriate equation to express nature since the fractal dimension allows us to measure the complexity of an object and the Fractla geometry should pick out high addition in value of peculiarity and characteristics in the complex of art and science. At the stage where the necessity of accepting this demand and adapting ourselves to the change is gathering strength is very significant in this research.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.663-671
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• 2005

Distributed operation of overall structural design process, by which product and process optimization are implemented, is presented in this paper. The database-interconnected multilevel hybrid method, in which the conventional design method and the optimal design approach are combined, is utilized there. The method selectively takes the accustomed procedure of the conventional method in the conceptional framework of the optimal design. Design conditions are divided into primary and secondary criteria This staged application of design conditions reduces the computational burden for large complex optimization problems. Two kinds of numeric and graphic processes, are simultaneously implemented on the basis of concurrent engineering concepts in the distributed environment of PC networks. Numerical computation on server and graphic works on independent client are communicated through message passing. Numerical design is based on the optimization methodology and the drawing process is carried out by AutoCAD using the AutoLISP programming language. The prototype design experimentation for some steel trusses shows the validity and usability of the method. This study has sufficient adaptability and expandability in methodology, in that it is based on general theory and industry standard systems.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.521-530
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• 2008

Graphical user interface design, the visual language to convey information about the icon and the user's information is a medium that can lead to action. Graphical user interface to communicate with the user icon, the user is easy to use, so any time you want to provide information effectively. Communication in order to increase the efficiency of the Graphic User Interface on the nature of the medium must be made to develop the appropriate icon. In this research icon of the type of icon painting. A picture of the icon representation of each type of detail, according to a rating of johyeongjeok identify the elements of the correlation between. On the type of representation of each of Art and Design elements that I know what I saw. The icon design based on user preferences provide guidance on the direction of design-oriented. When the data can be used to designs based on the theory has to offer.