• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1483-1489
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• 2022

Recently, due to the influence of the 4th industrial revolution and the development of communication media, various digital video equipment are being used in industrial fields. Image data is easily damaged by noise in the process of acquiring and transmitting and receiving from the camera and sensor, and since the damaged image has a great effect on the processing of the system, noise removal is essential. In this paper, a weight filter algorithm using a weight graph is proposed to restoration images damaged by high-density impulse noise. The proposed algorithm obtains a weight graph using pixel values inside the filtering mask of the image, and restores the image by applying the final weight to the filtering mask. Simulation was conducted to analyze the noise removal performance of the proposed algorithm, and the magnified image and PSNR were used to compare with the existing method. The resulting image of the proposed algorithm showed excellent performance by removing high-density impulse noise.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1074-1079
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• 1987

We present a fast, constructive algorithm for the automatic placement of standard cells, which consists of two steps. The first step is responsible for cell-row assignment of each cell, and converts the circuit connectivity into a multi-stage graph under to constraint that sum of the cell-widths in each stage of the multi-state graph does not exceed maximum cell-row width. Generatin of feed-through cells in the final layout was shown to be drastically reduced by this step. In the second step, the position of each cell within the row is determined one by one from left to right so that the cost function such as the local channel density is minimized. Our experimental result shows that this algorithm yields near optimal results in terms of the number of feed-through cells and the horizontal tracks, while running about 100 times faster than other iterative procedures such as pairwise interchange and generalized force directed relaxation method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.4
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• pp.257-265
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed a Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) scheme called Graph Coloring based DCA (GC-DCA) to improve system performance for downlink femtocell networks with high density femto Access Point (AP) deployments. The proposed scheme consists of two steps: one is a femto AP grouping step considering interference and the other is a DCA step considering Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) for femto User Equipments (UEs). Simulation results show that the proposed GC-DCA outperforms other schemes in terms of the mean femto UE capacity and probability of femto UEs which have capacities less than a given transmit rate.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2015

Purpose: Signs that are installed at unnoticeable places or that disconnect before the destination can bring errors of location information delivery. Therefore, this study aims to find out the spatial relation between structure of space and signs in the perspective of visual exposure possibility, operating arrangement and assesment by applying spatial structure theory. Methods: Effectiveness of organization of guidance signs was evaluated after the four way-finding factors(Plan Configuration, Sign System, Perceptual Access, Architectural Difference) that G.D.Weisman suggested were interpreted by spatial structure theory(J-Graph analysis, Space Syntax, Visual Graph Analysis) under the premise that it is closely related to the structure of space. Results: 1) Because the south corridor that connects each department of outpatient division is located in the hierarchy center of the space, and walking density is expected to be high, guidance signs need to be organized at the place with high integration value. 2) The depth to the destination space can be estimated through J-Graph analysis. The depth means a switch of direction, and the guidance signs are needed according to the number. 3) According to visibility graph analysis, visual exposure can be different in the same hierarchy unit space according to the shape of the flat surface. Based on these data, location adjustment of signs is possible, and the improvement effect can be estimated quantitatively. Implications: Spatial structure theory can be utilized to design and evaluate sign systems, and it helps to clearly understand the improvement effect. It is desirable to specify design and estimation of sign systems in the order of J-Graph analysis${\rightarrow}$Space Syntax Theory${\rightarrow}$visibility graph analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.135-143
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• 1990

A new over-the-cell routing system is proposed in this paper. The proposed system efficiently reduces not only the channel density but also the routing density in cell region. Generally, the over-the-cell system consists of three phases. Namely, over-the-cell routing, terminal selection and channel routing. In this paper, to select the nets to be routed over the cells, weights are assigned on the intersection graph considering both the channel density and the intersection relations among other nets. When selected nets are blocked by feedthroughs or metal layers for internal logic, they are routed by maze algorithm. Also, in order to reduce channel density, the terminals to be routed in a channel are selected using the minimum weight spanning tree. Channel routing is carried out with a channel router of HAN-LACAD_G. The effectiveness of the over-the-cell routing system is shown by the experiments with benchmark data and its application to the gate array layout system.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.639-653
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the science gifted students' level of interpreting the oceanic graph and of understanding the oceanic physical concept through analyzing the Temperature-Salinity (T-S) diagram and inferring the SOFAR (SOund Fixing And Ranging) channel. A total of 106 gifted students in the 3rd year of a science gifted high school, using T-S diagrams published in one of the journals of Oceanology, developed descriptive questions asking the depth of the SOFAR channel to conduct the quantitative and qualitative analysis of graph interpretation ability. As a result, there was a big difference in the level of graphs interpretation and concepts understanding for each science gifted students such as interpreting, modeling, and converting, and exposed their alternative concepts about water temperature, salinity, and density. The results of this study will be used to understand the levels of science gifted students' graph interpretation in oceanology, and to provide the basic data for improving the teaching and learning methods of oceanology and also provide basic data for teaching material development related to graph analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.521-528
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• 2016

Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) and graph searches show that proton conduction limiting barriers and trajectories in $BaZr_{0.875}Y_{0.125}O_3$ are affected by the presence of other protons. At 1000 K, KMC limiting conduction barriers increase from 0.39 eV to 0.45 eV as the proton number is increased. The proton-proton radial distribution begins to rise at $2{\AA}$ and peaks at $4{\AA}$, which is half the distance expected, based on the proton concentration. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations find proton/proton distances of 2.60 and $2.16{\AA}$ in the lowest energy two-proton configurations. A simple average of the limiting barriers for 7-10 step periodic long range paths found via graph theory at 1100 K shows an increase in activation barrier from 0.32 eV to 0.37 eV when a proton is added. Both KMC and graph theory show that protons can affect each other's pathways and raise the overall conduction barriers.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07b
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• pp.868-870
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• 2001

Salient pole rotor type single phase SRM(switched reluctance motor) can be use axial direction magnetic flux and radial direction magnetic flux at the same time. Then, it has higher energy density per unit volume and can be lessened the shaft length of motor or exciting magnetic force. Additionally, it's durability is good because it is simple structure and driving device. Prototype of Salient pole rotor type single phase SRM was fabricated by using parameters of three phase SRM and 3D FEM analysis. Also, driving device was fabricated for prototype. Speed and torque characteristic was confirmed through the experiments, and flux linkage, which is important parameter of SRM for generating torque, was measured. The induction emf was calculated by using ideal inductance graph and current graph. Calculated emf and measured emf was compared for confirming loss of prototype in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 2002

This research attempts on plate making for gravure. Direct Hard Dot Method, Helio Kliso Graph, and Laser TB Dot; these three method are the most popular in Korea. For examining ink transmission, three plates were made in the above three different way for the same manuscript and were printed under the same condition. After printing speed was also varied into 150line/inch, 175line/inch, and 200line/inch, ink transmission was examined too. After printing the same manuscript with the above three method then the researcher examined level of ink transmission. Printing lines shows that Laser TB Dot Method and Direct Hard Dot Method were favorable level, while there was big differences of state of Helio Kliso Graph plate.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 2018

Turner and Penn (1) from UCL have proved that Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) can be used as a more accurate method to predict the pedestrian distribution in building spaces. However, this methodology neglects certain elements that are of special influence on pedestrian distribution in buildings, especially the entrances and exits. Based on Space Syntax, this dissertation improves on the traditional method of Visibility Graph Analysis, using three shopping centers in Shenzhen as examples, attempts to explore a new parameter - "attenuation index of pedestrians at the entrances and exits" - using relevant data of the entrances and exits of the three cases, and combines it with traditional VGA analysis through weighted calculation, in order to provide more accurate predictions of pedestrian patterns in shopping centers.