• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.42-54
• /
• 2018

Objectives This study was aimed to compare effects of Yukgunja-tang (YGJT) extract granule on functional dyspepsia (FD) by sasang constitution. Methods A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, two-center trial was performed. We obtained 3D face images of FD patients participating in this study using face-only scanner and classified them into two types as narrow face and wide face by 3D facial shape diagnosis system (3-FSDS). 96 subjects (48 subjects per type) were enrolled and were randomly allocated into treatment or control groups in a 2:1 ratio. YGJT extract granule or placebo were administered to each group during the 8 week treatment period. One of sasang constitutional specialist diagnosed their constitutions by referring to questionnaires and 3D face images. The primary outcome was total dyspepsia symptom scale (TDS scale), the secondary outcomes were single dyspepsia symptom scale (SDS scale), visual analog scale (VAS) and so on. This trial was registered with clinical research information service identifier: KCT0001920, 15 May, 2016. Results In the Taeeumin treatment group, the TDS scale was significantly decreased after 8 weeks compared to the control group (t=2.331, p=0.025) and the SDS scale also significantly decreased. (t=2.042, p=0.048). The specific effects of the YGJT extract granule without the placebo effect on the Taeeumin with functional dyspepsia were 30.61% in TDS scale and 28.33% in SDS scale. Conclusions The effects of Yukgunja-tang extract granule on functional dyspepsia was different according to Sasang constitution. So the constitution should be considered in randomized controlled trials using herbal extract granules.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.191-204
• /
• 1990

Trimethyltin (TMT) induced lesions in the rat hippocampal formation was reviewed. Adult rats were treated with a single dose of 6.0 mg TMT/kg b.w. and were sacrificed between 3-60 days following exposure. On the hippocampal formation, the granule cells of fascia dentata showed early changes which subsided considerably at a later time when the destruction of the pyramidal neurons of the Ammon's horn became increasingly pronounced with time, leading to severe destruction of the structure. It is interesting to note that there was an inverse relationship of pathological involvement between the f.d. granule cells and the Ammon's horn neurons; i.e., when there was a large sparing of the granule cells. there was an extensive damage to the Ammon's horn and vice versa. This inverse relationship was also true between the $CA_3$neurons and the $CA_{1,2}$neurons in the Ammon's horn. Progressive zinc loss, as demonstrated by Timm's method, on the Mossy fibers was also observed. Similar Mossy fiber zinc depletion has been demonstrated in electrical stimulatory excitation condition of the perforant path to the hippocampus. Depletion of corticosterone, an inhibitor to the hippocampal neurons, by means of adrenalectomy will exaggerate the TMT induced hippocampal lesion. Neonatal study revealed that a unique degenerative pattern of the Ammon's horn could be established in accordance with exposure to TMT at specific maturation periods of the fippocampal formation: increasing destruction of the Ammon's horn with increasing synaptogenesis between the f.d. granule cells and the Ammon's horn neurons. Thus it is apparent that the damage of the Ammon's horn, upon exposure to TMT, may depend on the integrity and functional state of the f.d. granule cells. A hyperexcitory scheme and mechanism as the toxicity basis of TMT in the hippocampal formation is proposed and discussed.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.755-759
• /
• 1989

2종의 감자전분(세풍과 대지)로부터 각각 큰 입자 $(41{\mu}m$ 이상)과 작은 입자$(30{\mu}m$ 이하)를 분획하고 각 입자 크기별 가열 호화액에 대한 리올로지 특성을 분획전의 전분과 비교하면서 검토하였다. 시료 호화액은 모두 빙햄의가소성의 거동을 보였고 이 거동은 품종 또는 입자크기간의 차이를 보이지 않았으며 온도의 영향도 없었으나 농도의 증가로 의가소성의 성질은 다소 강해졌다. 점조도지수 및 항복응력값은 품종간의 차이는 없었으나 입자크기간에는 현저한 차이를 보여서 각 대응하는 농도에서 작은 입자의 경우가 큰 입자보다 훨씬 큰 점조도지수 및 항복응력값을 보였고 농도증가로 지수함수적으로 증가하였다. 또, 이들 값은 측정온도에 대하여 품종 및 입자크기에 따라 차이를 보이면서 온도증가로 감소하였고, 작은 입자>분획전의 전분입자>큰 입자의 순으로 온도의존성을 되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.407-416
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the NPY-immunohistochemical characteristics of the olfactory bulb in the striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius). The animals were anesthesized with thiopental sodium and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde through left ventricle and aorta. Brains were removed and tranfered 10%, 20% and 30% sucrose. Sections were then cut on a cryostat into $40{\mu}m$-thick. The tissue immunostained with avidin-biotinylated complex method. The main olfactory bulb consisted of seven circumferential laminae : an olfactory nerve fiber layer, a glomerular layer with glomeruli surrounding by periglomerular cells, an external plexiform layer having granule and tufted cells, a mitral cell layer, a narrow internal plexiform layer, a granule cell layer forming several cell rows and a layer of white matter. The accessory olfactory bulb had four layers : an olfactory or vomeronasal nerve fiber layer, a glomerular layer consisting of small glomeruli, a mixed layer not distinguishing the external plexiform/mitral cell/granule cell layers and a granule cell layer. Most of NPY-immunoreactive(NPY-IR) neurons in main olfactory bulb were localized in the deeper portion of granule cell layer, white matter and anterior olfactory nucleus. In addition, some NPY-IR neurons were identified in the external plexiform layer. The shape of NPY-IR neurons of all olfactory bulb were predominant round or oval, sometime multipolar in shape. And most NPY-IR processes were parallel to long axis of white matter. In accessory olfactory bulb, NPY-IR neurons were not found in all region.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 2016

본 시험은 벼 어린모 기계이앙 답에서 발생하는 일년생 잡초와 다년생잡초에 대한 방제효과를 알아보기 위하여 benzobicyclon을 기반으로 한 수면부상성 입제로 개발한 BAO UG와 BBF UG의 방제효과를 BIF SC와 비교하여 실험을 수행하였다. 시험약제인 BAO UG와 BBF UG의 잡초방제효과는 96% 이상으로 높게 나타났으며 벼에 대한 안전성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 후기생육 및 수확량에 있어서도 시험약제와 대조약제간에 차이가 없었으며 모두 벼에 대해 안전한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 시험에서 사용한 수면부상성 입제의 경우 쉽게 처리할 수 있다는 장점이 있어 벼 생력재배를 위해 이용 가능 할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 2022

GSV (Granule Spray in Vacuum)는 상온의 진공하에서 나노 크기의 치밀한 세라믹 코팅층을 형성하는 방법이다. 일반적으로, 단사정의 지르코니아는 1150℃에서 정방정으로 변태하며, 이때 6.5 %의 체적변화를 일으켜 치밀한 단사정의 지르코니아를 만들기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 코팅 효율에 대한 두 가지 처리 변수의 효과를 조사하는 데 중점을 두었다. 아울러, 특별한 가열과정 없이 형성된 필름의 미세구조에 관찰하였다. 샘플 기판에 증착된 지르코니아 필름에 대한 X-ray diffractometer (XRD) 분석은 단사정 지르코니아 필름이 성공적으로 증착되었음을 보여주었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.377-382
• /
• 2013

Enriching anammox bacteria (AMX) in a lab-scale granular sequencing batch reactor using local digester centrate, we observed the significant enrichment of the filamentous-like bacterial population. These bacteria were revealed as novel bacterial species (termed CHL) belonging to Chlorobi/Bacteroidetes phyla via Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). Further, niche differentiation of AMX and CHL quantification was observed in granule and filament biomass, suggesting AMX was dominant in the granule and CHL was dominant in the filament. Therefore, it was confirmed the structural role of CHL was indeed to aid the granule formation of the AMX. In parallel, the physiological role of CHL was suspected to degrade biopolymers in the digester centrate using nitrate as an electron acceptor.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.807-812
• /
• 2016

Soil amendment, especially addition of clay minerals, has been widely conducted to improve the physical and chemical properties of cultivated soils. However, there are no systematic studies on the effects of the structural type of clay minerals added. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of structural type of clay minerals on physical properties of soils. Two experimental soils, layer-dominant and granule-dominant ones, were mixed with either a layer-type smectite or a granule-type zeolite at a level of 2.0 wt%. It was observed that water permeability of soils was decreased by smectite whereas not significantly changed by zeolite. This effect was much greater in layered clay-dominant soil than in granular clay-dominant soil. Our results clearly indicated that the relationship of structural type between a soil and an amendment plays a decisive role in the soil properties. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the structural types of both soil and amendment be taken into consideration for soil amendment by clay minerals.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.660-664
• /
• 1996

We have studied the test method for strength of spray dried ceramic powder using manual press and UTM. which is one of the important to influence forming process. We could observe the compaction behavior using manual press. However the measurement of granule strength was only possible with UTM capable of providing the condition of a constant pressing rate. The strength of granule can be measured from the slope change of compaction curve and agrees with the value which is obtained from the combination of saturated tap density and compaction curve. So we proposed the accurate method to measure the strength of granule from the results of this study.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 학술발표 논문집 제14권 제1호
• /
• pp.269-272
• /
• 2004

본 논문은 비선형 시스템의 퍼지모델을 위해 정보 granules 기반 퍼지 추론 시스템의 새로운 설계 및 이의 최적화를 제시한다. 퍼지모델은 주로 경험적 방법에 의해 추출되기 때문에 보다 구체적이고 체계적인 방법에 의한 동정 및 최적화 될 필요성이 요구된다. 일반적으로, 정보 granules는 근접성, 유사성 또는 기능성 둥에 인하여 서로 결합되는 요소(특히, 수치 데이터)의 실체이다. 제안된 퍼지 모델은 정보 데이터의 특성을 살리기 위해 HCM 클러스터링 방법에 의해 전반부/후반부 구조 및 파라미터 동정을 시행한다. 두 가지 형태의 퍼지 추론 방법은 간략 추론과 선형추론에 의해 수행되며 삼각형 멤버쉽 함수를 사용한다. 구축된 정보 granule 기반 퍼지 모델은 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 전반부 파라미터를 최적으로 동정한다. 제안된 비선형 모델의 성능평가는 수치적인 예를 통해 비교 평가한다.