• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.274-286
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the rearing, health and nutrition services through intervention in GP-GC (grandparents-grandchildren) families. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered in January 2008 and January 2009 to 55(70) grandparents of GP-GC families who received intervention services also GP-GC families that did not receive services. The study area was the city of Chunnam Province, South Korea. The intervention services were provided by electronic voucher one day per week. The questionnaire assessed the general characteristics of the grandparents, childcare stress and burden, health status (ADL, IADL, depression, subjective health status and fall index) and mini nutritional assessment(MNA). The data were analyzed using SPSS software and an F-test, Chi-squared test and t-test. Results: The stress of grandparents resulting from childcare was high, but depression in grandparents perceived by grandchildren was significantly lower in served GP-GC families than in non-served GP-GC families. Differences in scores of affection (t=2.12, df=116, p<.05), automatics (t=2.92, df=116, p<.01), realistic(t=2.24, df=116, p<.05), and level of depression(t=2.90, df=116, p<.01) were significant. Incidences of acute disease, IADL cognitive fuction and depression of grandparents were slightly higher. Intervention services for GP-GC families had an impact on the childcare attitude and health status of grandparents. The intervention services of nutrition for grandparents were not promoted, but the scoring for subjective nutrition status were statistically higher for the served group (t=18.230, p<.0001). Conclusions: This study found that intervention programs of childcare services and health and nutrition management are effective for grandparents of GP-GC families. Intervention services for GP-GC family should establish the political issue.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.53-72
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning and nature of long term boarding care of children provided by grandparents in surrogate foster homes. Data were collected from 10 children 15 to 18 years of age by in depth interviews and observation from May 2007 to July 2007. Analysis of data was by the phenomenological analytic method of Giorgi(1970). Seven essential themes were extracted: (1) ambivalence about being labeled "family headed by a child," (2) recognition of the burden to grandparents with appreciation for their care, (3) resentment and yearning for parents, (4) economic hardship, (5) discord with grandparents, (6) maladjustment to school life, and (7) overcoming such obstacles as poor economic conditions and loneliness.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the types of care and multiple attachments on the issue of infant compliance. The subjects of this study were 52 infants (1-2 years old) and their caregivers (grandparents, baby sitters, daycare teachers) and their mothers. The results of this study are as follows : (1) The type of care and multiple attachments types affected infant compliance in relation to the mother. In the daycare center, the infants showed more signs of compliance than whilst in the care of the grandparents. Moreover, with the secure-secure, secure-insecure types, the infant showed more signs of compliance than with the insecure-secure, insecure-insecure types. (2) The types of care affected infant compliance in relation to the caregiver. In the daycare center, the infant showed more signs of compliance than in the care of both the grandparents or baby sitter. (3) Multiple attachment types were found to affect infant compliance in relation to strangers.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.31-49
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• 2004

The purposes of the study were to examine the trend of undergraduate students' knowledges and attitudes toward elderly and aging traits, and to present the influence of undergraduate students' attitudes. The subjects were 494 undergraduate students. Statistics used such as frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, Duncan test, ANOVA and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of this study were as follow: 1) Undergraduate students' knowledge level toward the elderly was low, and undergraduate students' attitudes level was middle. 2) There were meaningful differences in attitudes level according to sex, living together with elderly (the present time), living together with elderly (the past time), the presence of grandfather. It also had a significant correlation to the undergraduate students' knowledge. 3) The variables which affected the undergraduate students' attitudes were knowledge, sex, present co-residency with grandparents, past co-residency with grandparents, the presence grandfather, period of co-residency with grandparents that were explained about $24\%$. Among variables, knowledge of elderly was a very important variable on undergraduate students' attitudes.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.65-80
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• 1997

Korean-American and American adolescents' attitudes toward the elderly(OP Scale) and their perception on the generational difference(GN GAP) were compared to find whether there is a difference according to the race. Adolescents' perceived generational gap was considered to be one of the most influential factor affecting their attitudinal differences. Adolescents regardless of face showed a somewhat positive attitudes toward the elderly and they perceived generational gap a little positively. Adolescents' age and sex were found not to be related with their attitude toward the elderly and generational gap. For the Korean-Americans birth-order was negatively related to the generational gap perception. the quality of relationship with grandparents was the crucial factor influencing adolescents' perceptions on generational gap and their attitudes toward the elderly indirectly. Grandparents' health and age affected on the quality of relationship. Additionally adolescents' favorite g andparent was found to be maternal grandmother and their relation style and conflict areas were different according to the race.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2009

The effects of grandparenting involvement and emotional attachments on emotional and behavioral development among adolescents were explored through the use of a UK cross-sectional national data of 1,566 adolescents aged eleven to sixteen years old receiving some form of grandparenting. A correlation and logistic regression analyses yielded results that supported the positive effects of grandparenting on the emotional and behavioral disorder symptoms of adolescents. The results indicate that most selected socio-demographic, grandparenting involvement, and the emotional attachment variables of grandchildren influenced the likelihood of increasing or decreasing emotional disorder symptoms among adolescents. However, no support was found for perceiving emotional attachments with grandparents as a predictor of behavioral disorder symptoms among youth, whereas socio-demographic and grandparenting involvement variables showed significant impacts on behavioral disorder symptoms. The findings highlight the importance of a systematic approach about the socio-demographic characteristics, levels of grandparenting, and emotional attachment levels with grandparents to understand youth cared for by grandparents that experience emotional and/or behavioral disorder symptoms, when intervention or prevention programs are considered.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.19-34
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• 2007

Background & Objectives: The current study aims to convey correct knowledge of dementia that is be on the rise as the most significant social problem and provide basic data for implementing immediate school health education for dementia which is the basis of improving quality of life for patients with dementia, their family and the society by analyzing recognition level for dementia among male and female students in the 2nd grade of middle school and the necessity of school health education for dementia. Methods: The current study conducted a survey with a total of 150 students. 25 male and female students respectively selected from three middle school taking into account regional characteristics. The study also processed the survey results using SPSS-PC Program 12.0 and gained the following results by implementing Frequency Analysis. Cross-tabulation Analysis and ANOVA Analysis. Results: As for respect for grandparents, 55.3% of the respondents said they respect their grandparents. while 39.3% answered so-so and 5.3% said they don't respect their grandparents. As for the number of they meet grandparents, 36.0% of the respondents said they meet grandparents once or twice a month, which was the most frequent answer. On the other hand, 24.7% are once or twice every six months, 13.3% are once or twice a year and a week, respectively, and 6.7% said that they seldom meet their grandparents. In a question about whether they had recognized dementia after explaining dementia in detail, 82.7% said' yes' while 17.3% said' no'. But few students recognized it when they were asked using a terminology' dementia' first. The average score of knowledge level integrating the most fundamental 16 questions about dementia was $11.20{\pm}1.73$. Also 83.3% of the respondents answered that they had no experience in health education about dementia while 16.7% said presented positive answers. In the necessity of health education about dementia, 73.3% of them said' necessary' while 21.3% said' so-so' and 5.3% said 'not necessary. Conclusions: From the above study results, it was found that it is time to emphasize the necessity and importance of school health education for improving respect for the old and a sense of responsibility for support and converting recognition for dementia in Korea that has social structure of the trend toward the nuclear family and heads for an aged society. However, the fact that the above things are not implemented at all in reality can expand disparate views among family members in the future and further can cause even more serious problem by neglecting senior problems. Therefore, the government, social organizations, especially school organizers should recognize the necessity and importance of school health education and actively begin cultivations of students' character by implementing the education about dementia at the early stage.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.459-475
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• 2020

This study examined the moderating effect self-rated health has on the association between grandparenting and depressive symptoms. The fourth wave (in 2012) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) was used for the analyses (N=650). The Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) method was applied in order to ensure randomness in the selection of grandparents who participated in grandparenting and those who did not. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms, the independent variable was grandparenting, and the moderating variable was self-rated health. Control variables were education level, age, household income, gender, marital status and life satisfaction. After matching data by CEM, weighted multiple regression was applied with STATA 13.0. Also, simple slope analysis and region of significance were performed to interpret the interaction terms. The results showed that self-rated health had a significant moderating effect. Specifically, for grandparents with high self-rated health, grandparenting was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms. On the contrary, for grandparents with low self-rated health, there was no difference depending on whether they participated in raising grandchildren. Based on these results, we discussed the need for consideration of self-rated health for grandparents who participated in grandparenting.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.491-518
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare with qualitative research articles on the grandparents' parenting experiences of grandchildren between those with primary responsibility and those with partial responsibility in Korean Journals since 2000. For the purpose of the study, this study analyzed research of 43 qualitative research articles(19 grandfamilies, 24 custodial grandparents), with respect to their objectives, basic annual trends, methodology, subject, category of content. The major findings are as follows. Firstly, the annual number of articles of grandfamilies are on an decreasing trend, while those of custodial grandparents are on an increasing trend. Secondly, the phenomenology and interview are frequently used in research of the two types of family. Thirdly, 6~10 participants were the most frequent number of participation in all of the family. However, demographics, caring circumstances, physical circumstances were significantly different in two types of family. Fourthly, caring categories of contents(the meaning, positive factor, conflict factor and resolution of conflicts) were also similar, while these were significant diffent in specific psychological experiences in all of the family. Based on the findings of this comparative study, suggestions for pratical services and implication for future study were proposed.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2010

This study examined Korean immigrant elderly's generativity and care-giving experiences of their grandchildren according to their level of generativity. In-depth interview and participant observation method were used. First, this study used Loyola Generativity Scale in order to find Korean immigrant elderly's generativity level. 4 grandparents were selected as a group of low generativity level and 4 grandparents as high level. Grandparents with low generativity level showed non-voluntary care-giving, severe care-giving stress, guilty feeling for their adult children and shame for their ancestors, anxiety for the unstable future, lack of self-care, and lack of social assistance. Grandparents with high generativity level showed voluntary care-giving, positive reaction for the reversed parental care, feeling of usefulness for care-giving, hope for the future, existence of self-care, and existence of social assistance. Further discussion and suggestions were made from the study results.