• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.671-676
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• 2018

In this paper we prove that the gradient ideal of a Morse polynomial is radical. This gives a generic class of polynomials whose gradient ideals are radical. As a consequence we reclaim a previous result that the unconstrained polynomial optimization problem for Morse polynomials has a finite convergence.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.31-52
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• 2020

This paper investigates the size dependent effect on the vibration analysis of a porous nanocomposite viscoelastic plate reinforced by functionally graded-single walled carbon nanotubes (FG-SWCNTs) by considering nonlocal strain gradient theory. Therefore, using energy method and Hamilton's principle, the equations of motion are derived. In this article, the effects of nonlocal parameter, aspect ratio, strain gradient parameter, volume fraction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), damping coefficient, porosity coefficient, and temperature change on the natural frequency are perused. The innovation of this paper is to compare the effectiveness of each mentioned parameters individually on the free vibrations of this plate and to represent the appropriate value for each parameter to achieve an ideal nanocomposite plate that minimizes vibration. The results are verified with those referenced in the paper. The results illustrate that the effect of damping coefficient on the increase of natural frequency is significantly higher than the other parameters effect, and the effects of the strain gradient parameter and nonlocal parameter on the natural frequency increase are less than damping coefficient effect, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate that the natural frequency decreases with a rise in the nonlocal parameter, aspect ratio and temperature change. Also, the natural frequency increases with a rise in the strain gradient parameter and CNTs volume fraction. This study can be used for optimizing the industrial and medical designs, such as automotive industry, aerospace engineering and water purification system, by considering ideal properties for the nanocomposite plate.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1760-1778
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• 2018

For image segmentation with intensity inhomogeneity, many region-based level set methods have been proposed. Some of them however can't get the relatively ideal segmentation results under the severe intensity inhomogeneity and weak edges, and without use of the image gradient information. To improve that, we propose a new level set method combined with local direction gradient in this paper. Firstly, based on two assumptions on intensity inhomogeneity to images, the relationships between segmentation objects and image gradients to local minimum and maximum around a pixel are presented, from which a new pixel classification method based on weight of Euclidian distance is introduced. Secondly, to implement the model, variational level set method combined with image spatial neighborhood information is used, which enhances the anti-noise capacity of the proposed gradient information based model. Thirdly, a new diffusion process with an edge indicator function is incorporated into the level set function to classify the pixels in homogeneous regions of the same segmentation object, and also to make the proposed method more insensitive to initial contours and stable numerical implementation. To verify our proposed method, different testing images including synthetic images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and real-world images are introduced. The image segmentation results demonstrate that our method can deal with the relatively severe intensity inhomogeneity and obtain the comparatively ideal segmentation results efficiently.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2009

목적 : 나선 주사 영상에서 경사자계시스템의 회로 모델을 기반으로 실제 경사 자계를 추정하여 재구성에 사용함으로써 재구성 영상을 개선하는 방법을 제안하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 자기공명영상장치의 경사자계 시스템은 저항 성분과 자체 인덕턴스, magnet 시스템과의 상호 인덕턴스, 커패시턴스 성분 등을 가지고 있어서 경사자계 증폭기에 인가하는 입력 경사자계 파형과 실제 만들어지는 경사자계 사이에는 시간적인 지연과 함께 파형에도 차이가 있다. 나선주사 영상에서 실제 만들어진 경사자계 파형 및 k-space 궤적은 재구성 과정에서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서는 경사자계시스템을 회로 소자로 모델링하였고, 입력 전압 파형에 대한 출력 전류 파형을 구함으로써 실제 얻어지는 경사자계파형을 유도하였다. 모델링에서 사용한 R-L-C 값은 재구성영상의 화질로부터 얻을 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 결과 : 1.5 Tesla MRI 시스템에서 경사자계 시스템의 입력 전압 파형에 대하여 실제 얻어지는 경사자계 파형을 추정할 수 있었다. 경사자계파형을 적분함으로써 얻어진 나선 궤적을 재구성에 적용한 결과 재구성 영상의 균일도가 개선되었고, edge 부근에서 overshoot 가 줄어들었으며, 해상도가 향상된 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 결론 : R-L-C 회로 모델을 이용하여 경사자계시스템을 성공적으로 모델링할 수 있었고, 입력 전압 파형에 대하여 실제 얻어지는 경사자계(전류) 파형을 추정할 수 있었다. 이로부터 얻은 kspace 나선 궤적을 이용하여 월등히 개선된 재구성영상을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2004

ZORA-DFT calculations of $^{11}$B EFG (electric field gradient) tensors for lithium borates, LiB$_3O_5$ (LBO) and Li$_2B_4O_7$ (LTB), were performed. The calculated values of 11B quadrupole coupling constant and asymmetry parameter are in good agreement with the experimental values. The sign of the quadrupole coupling constant for the tetrahedral boron site was deduced from the distortion from the ideal tetrahedral symmetry.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 목적함수에 대한 구배계산을 위한 해석적인 방법과 차분근사법을 점배열음원과 최적화 알고리즘(DFP법: davidon-fletcher-powell)을 조합한 적응형 초음파 트랜스듀서의 지향성 최적화에 적용하였다. 위의 두 방법에 대한성능을 비교하기 위하여 준이상 빔 (quasi-ideal beam)과 회전 빔을 목적지향성으로 설정하였다. 수치적인 실험 결과, 차분근사법은 부엽 (side lobe) 레벨의 억압능력은 물론 수렴과정에서의 안정성, 수렴속도, 적응성 면에서 해석적인 계산법에 비해 탁월함을 나타내었다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2017

Purpose: To investigate and compensate the effects of respiration-induced B0 variations on fat quantification of the bone marrow in the lumbar spine. Materials and Methods: Multi-echo gradient echo images with navigator echoes were obtained from eight healthy volunteers at 3T clinical scanner. Using navigator echo data, respiration-induced B0 variations were measured and compensated. Fat fraction maps were estimated using $T2^*$-IDEAL algorithm from the uncompensated and compensated images. For manually drawn bone marrow regions, the estimated B0 variations and the calculated fat fractions (before and after compensations) were analyzed. Results: An increase of temporal B0 variations from inferior level to superior levels was observed for all subjects. After compensation using navigator echo data, the effects of the B0 variations were reduced in gradient echo images. The calculated fat fractions show significant differences (P < 0.05) in L1 and L3 between the uncompensated and the compensated. Conclusion: The results of this study raise the need for considering respiration-induced B0 variations for accurate fat quantification using gradient echo images in the lumbar spine. The use of navigator echo data can be an effective way for the reduction of the effects of respiratory motion on the quantification.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2016

In this study, different proportions of glass beads used for road marking were added into the concrete samples to reduce the temperature gradient through the concrete pavement thickness. It is well known that decreasing the temperature gradient reduces the risk of thermal cracking and increases the service life of concrete pavement. The extent of alkali-silica reaction (ASR) produced with partial replacement of fine aggregate by glass bead was investigated and compressive strength of concrete samples with different proportion of glass bead in their mix designs were measured in this study. Ideal results were obtained with less than 0.850 mm diameter size glass beads were used (19 % by total weight of aggregate) for C30/37 class concrete. Top and bottom surface temperatures of two different C30/37 strength class concrete slabs with and without glass beads were measured. It was identified that, using glass bead in concrete mix design, reduces the temperature differences between top and bottom surfaces of concrete pavement. The study presented herein provides important results on the necessity of regulating concrete road mix design specifications according to regions and climates to reduce the temperature gradient values which are very important in concrete road design.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.535-544
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 희망하는 빔포밍을 실현하기 위하여 LMS 알고리즘(반복법)을 이용하는 경우에 반복 계산과정에서 무게 분포를 조절하기 위한 기울기 벡터의 계산법(해석적인 방법, 중앙유한차분법)이 적응 빔포밍에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 임의로 설정한 빔폭을 갖는 준이상 빔과 회전 빔, 그리고 멀티 빔을 예로 하여 검토하였다. 수치 실험은 적응 빔포밍 시스템에 임의의 초기치와 시행착오를 거쳐서 설정한 적절한 값의 스텝 파라미터를 두 계산법에 동일하게 적용하고, 기울기 벡터의 계산을 위한 두 가지 방법을 이용하여 적응성과 오차를 평가하는 목적 함수의 수렴 특성 등을 비교하였다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.146-149
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• 2002

The aim of stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) is to deliver a high dose to a target region and a low dose to critical organ through only one or a few irradiation. To satisfy this aim, optimized irradiating conditions must be searched in the planning. Thus, many mathematical methods such as gradient method, simulated annealing and genetic algorithm had been proposed to find out the conditions automatically. There were some limitations using these methods: the long calculation time, and the difficulty of unique solution due to the different shape of tumor. In this study, optimization protocol using ideal models and data base was proposed. Proposed optimization protocol constitutes two steps. First step was a preliminary work. Some possible ideal geometry shapes, such as sphere, cylinder, cone shape or the combination, were assumed to approximate the real tumor shapes. Optimum variables such as isocenter position or collimator size, were determined so that the high dose region could be shaped to fit ideal models with the arrangement of multiple isocenter. Data base were formed with those results. Second, any shaped real targets were approximated to these models using geometry comparison. Then, optimum variables for ideal geometry were chosen from the data base predetermined, and final parameters were obtained by adjusting these data. Although the results of applying the data base to patients were not superior to the result of optimization in each case, it can be acceptable as a starting point of plan.