• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.477-490
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• 2018

Effects of inflow Reynolds number (Re), turbulence intensity (I) and pressure gradient on the transition flow over a blade section were studied using the ${\gamma}-Re{\theta}$ transition model (STAR-CCM+). Results show that the $Re_T$ (transition Re) at the transition location ($P_T$) varies strongly with Re, I and the magnitude of pressure gradient. The $Re_T$ increases significantly with the increase of the magnitude of favorable pressure gradient. It demonstrates that the $Re_T$ on different blade sections of a rotating propeller are different. More importantly, when there is strong adverse pressure gradient, the $P_T$ is always close to the minimum pressure point. Based on these conclusions, the $P_T$ on model propeller blade surface can be estimated. Numerical investigations of pressure distribution and transition flow on a propeller blade section prove these findings. Last, a simple method was proposed to estimate the $P_T$ only based on the propeller geometry and the advance coefficient.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.312-316
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• 2004

Single-well tracer tests, especially push pull tracer tests, are more effective to estimate hydraulic parameters and microbial metabolic activities in terms of duration and cost compared to multi-well tracer tests. However, there are some drawbacks in accuracy, complicated data analysis and uniqueness. These shortages are thought to be derived from the applied conditions which affect mass recovery curve and breakthrough curve. Factors such as extraction rate, resting period, hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic gradient are considered as the major factors determining the mass recovery rate and shape of the breakthrough curve. The results of the sensitivity analysis are summarized as follows: 1) the significant change in concentration of breakthrough curve is obtained when the extraction rate increases. This effect would also be much higher if the hydraulic conductivity is lower; 2) the mass recovery rate decreases with the increase of resting time, and the difference of mass recovery rates for different resting times is inversely proportional to the hydraulic conductivity; 3) the sensitivity values decrease with time. The hydraulic conductivity affects not only the early period, but the later period of the breakthrough curves; 4) The influence of the hydraulic gradient on the breakthrough curves is greater at earlier stage than at later stage. The mass recovery rate is inversely proportional to the hydraulic gradient.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2011

In this paper, a planar model for mechanics of a vehicle/pedestrian collision incorporating road gradient is derived to evaluate the pre-collision speed of vehicle. It takes into account a few physical variables and parameters of popular wrap and forward projection collisions, which include horizontal distance traveled between primary and secondary impacts with the vehicle, launch angle, center-of-gravity height at launch, distance from launch to rest, pedestrian-ground drag factor, the pre-collision vehicle speed and road gradient. The model including road gradient is derived analytically for reconstruction of pedestrian collision accidents, and evaluates the vehicle speed from the pedestrian throw distance. The model coefficients have physical interpretations and are determined through direct calculation. This work shows that the road gradient has a significant effect on the evaluation of the vehicle speed and must be considered in accident cases with inclined road. In additions, foreign/domestic empirical cases and multibody dynamic simulation results are used to construct a least-squares fitted model that has the same structure of the analytical one that provides an estimate of the vehicle speed based on the pedestrian throw distance and the band within which the vehicle speed would be expected to be in 95% of cases.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2007

In this paper, we consider the variable selection methods in the Cox model when a large number of gene expression levels are involved with survival time. Deciding which genes are associated with survival time has been a challenging problem because of the large number of genes and relatively small sample size (n<

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.787-795
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 이동물체의 움직임 추정을 위한 옵티컬 플로우(Optical Flow: OF)의 계산에 필요한 그레디언트(Gradient)의 연산 속도를 개선하고. OF와 에지의 논리연산에 의하여 이동물체의 움직임 정계를 추정할 수 있으며 잡음이 있는 영상에서도 이동물체를 추정할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 이것은 저레벨에서 OF와 에지를 논리 연산하므로써 불확실한 배경에서 이동물체를 식별하고 물체를 추적하는 방법으로 기존의 이동물체 추정 알고리즘을 간소화시킨 것이다. 또한, 그레디언트 연산속도를 개선한 본 논문의 방법 I과 방법 II를 이용하여 그레이레 벨값의 변화가 있는 영상에 대하여 시뮬레이션을 행하였다. 그레디언트 연산에 걸리는 전체적인 시간을 평균한 결과 방법 I 은 기존의 방법보다 12% 연산속도가 개선되었고, 방법 II는 37% 연산속도가 개선되었다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2023

We establish the interior L^q regularity estimates for spatial gradient of weak solutions to nonlinear parabolic equations with the inhomogeneity which is given by the divergence and nondivergence data.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

본 연구는 확률적 시스템에서 관심 성과함수의 기대치의 최적을 유도하는 서비스 자원의 최적 배분 문제를 조사하였다. 이러한 목적으로 통제변수를 활용하여 성과함수 기대치에 대한 서비스 자원 파라미터의 gradient를 구하는 방법을 제안하고 이를 최적화 기법의 탐색과정에 적용하여 가용 자원의 최적 배분 문제를 분석하였다. 제안된 gradient 추정 방법은 시뮬레이션 실험에서 입력 파라미터의 차원이 증가하더라도 추가로 표본점의 수를 증가시킬 필요가 없이 단일점에서 시뮬레이션 반응 결과만을 활용하고 또한 시뮬레이션의 발전과정에서 성과함수와 입력 파라미터 사이의 논리적인 관계를 기술할 필요가 없어 적용하기에 편리하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 다 차원 파라미터 공간으로의 확장하는 문제와 다양한 형태의 시뮬레이션 모형으로 적용 문제는 향후 연구해야 할 과제로 생각된다.

• 지질공학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2008

이천온천원보호지구에는 9개의 온천공이 개발되어 있다. MRD-2 온천공이 996 m 심도까지 추가 굴착되기 이전의 온천공들의 굴착 심도는 166-294 m 범위였으며, 지하수면은 지표로부터 약 50m 정도 하부에 위치하였다. 이들 온천공에서 지표 온도와 공저온도를 이용한 연구지역의 지온경사는 최고 $64^{\circ}C/km$ (SB-2 온천공), 최저 $45^{\circ}C/km$ (SB-1 온천공), 평균 $54.28^{\circ}C/km$로 산정되었다. 그러나 심부까지 추가 굴착된 MRD-2 온천공을 관찰한 결과, 연구지역은 지표로부터 720 m 심도 이내 범위의 암반 균열계에 의해 매우 심한 열적 교란상태를 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 반하여, 심도 720 m 이하의 심부지역에서는 지하수의 유동이 존재하지 않는 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 연구지역의 지온경사는 열적으로 안정된 720 m 이하의 심도 구간 자료를 이용하여 $33^{\circ}C/km$로 재산정 되었으며, 이 값이 연구지역인 이천온천원지구에서의 합리적인 지온경사로 해석된다. 양수시험시 측정된 용출온도 $36^{\circ}C$는 지표하 720 m 심도에서의 온도 검층 결과와 일치되어 이 지점이 지하수 유동 및 열적 교란의 하부 경계가 되고 있음을 뒷받침하고 있다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2015

The navigation algorithm developed based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) sometimes diverges when the linearity between the measurements and the states is not preserved. In this study, new update conditions together with two conditions from previous study for gravity gradient referenced navigation (GGRN) were deduced for the filter performance. Also, the effect of each update conditions was evaluated imposing the various magnitudes of the database (DB) and the sensor errors. In case the DB and the sensor errors were supposed to 0.1 Eo and 0.01 Eo, the navigation performance was improved in the eight trajectories by using part of gravity gradient components that independently estimate states located within trust boundary. When applying only the components showing larger variation, around 200% of improvement was found. Even the DB and sensor error were supposed to 3 Eo, six update conditions improved performance in at least seven trajectories. More than five trajectories generated better results with 5 Eo error of the DB and the sensor. Especially, two update conditions successfully control divergence, and bounded the navigation error to the 1/10 level. However, these update conditions could not be generalized for all trajectories so that it is recommended to apply update conditions at the stage of planning, or as an index of precision of GGRN when combine with various types of geophysical data and algorithm.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.3477-3491
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• 1974

Following are the results of the study on the property of falling permeation of stratified soil in the close state under existence of stagnant water on a soil layer. 1. When on the stratified soil a least permeating layer was put on the soil layer the load Pressure was present owing to appearance of saturation close state driving decrease of the pressure in the lower layer, on the other hand when the least permeating layer was placed under the layer the lower least permeating layer pressure was decreased. 2. In the case of least permeating layer the variation of current gradient according to the respective level after treating the layer was enormous and due to usal storage phenomena for the Kl layer which was coarse that was trifle. 3. The permeability of the respective layer of stratified soil in the close state died not always coincide with that of single layer. 4. Generally Zunker's equation of average permeability was valid but actually calculated permeating velocity after treating the layer of stratified soil was seriously differ from the measured value owing to the variation of current gradient, especially when the pressure head at the layer boundany was discontinuous the validity of the equation of average permeability was seemed to be doubtful. 5. The permeating velocity of stratified soil was regulated by the least permeating layer, i.e. it is thought to be rational to estimate the value by calculating the current gradient with its proper permeability, pressure headon the layer and its thickness.