• 지질공학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.167-179
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• 1995

서울 지하철 8호선 설계시는 지보형식 설정을 위한 정량적 기준으로 RQD,N치 및 탄성계수의 3가지 요소들만이 사용되었다. 이러한 요소들로 얻어진 지보형식은 지질이나 불연속면의 방향성, 불연속면의 특성을 정량화 하지 못하였기 때문에 지보형식의 결정 및 안정성에 문제가 있었다. 따라서 보다 많은 정량적인 요소들을 포함시키고 경제적인 지보형식을 결정하기 위해 8호선 성남구간을 선택하여 총 1745개소에서 RMR에 의한 암반분류와 374개소에서 Q-system에 의한 암반분류를 실시 하였으며, 이들에 의해 구해진 지보형식과 8호선 설계시의 표준지보형식을 비교검토하였으며, 또한 지질, 지질구조 및 지형에 따른 암반평점과의 관계를 검토하였다. 지보형식을 비교 검토한 결과 PD-4혹은 PS-4로 설계된 표준지보형식은 4-6개의 지보형식으로 세분되어져야 하며 암반평점은 단층 및 절리와 같은 지질구조가 발달된 곳과 계곡부가 대체로 암반평점이 낮고 굴착심도가 깊은 산악지역은 높으며 상록구간은 이들의 중간정도의 양상을 보인다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.267-282
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• 2022

본 연구는 초등학교 1~2학년 슬기로운 생활과 3~4학년 과학과 교육과정의 연계성 분석을 통해 체계적인 교육과정 구성을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 슬기로운 생활 내에서의 과학 관련 내용이 어떻게 구성되어 있는지 정리하고, 두 교과의 교육과정 연계성을 지식 측면과 탐구 기능 측면에서 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 슬기로운 생활 교육과정 내 과학과 교육과정과 연계된 내용은 32개의 내용 요소 중 10개에 불과하였다. 이 중 5개의 내용 요소가 3~4학년군 과학과 교육과정과 연계되어 있었으며, 모두 생명 영역에 집중되어 있었다. 운동과 에너지와 물질 영역에 대한 내용은 슬기로운 생활에서 전혀 다루어지지 않고 있었다. 생명 영역은 발전적으로 연계되고 있었으며, 지구와 우주 영역은 급변적으로 연계되고 있었다. 탐구 기능의 경우, 관찰과 측정, 추리, 의사소통은 슬기로운 생활과 과학과가 수준이 자연스럽게 높아지면서 반복되는 발전적 연계가 이루어졌다. 분류는 기능적 활동 측면에서 발전적 연계가 이루어졌다고 볼 수 있으나 명확한 인식적 목적 없이 단순히 무리지어 보는 분류 활동에 그치고 있었다. 반면, 예상 활동은 슬기로운 생활에서는 제시되지 않다가 3~4학년군 과학에서 제시되기 시작하므로 격차가 발생한다고 보았다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 초등학교 슬기로운 생활 교육과정과 과학과 교육과정의 연계성 확보를 위한 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

본 연구는 수입건초의 품질평가를 통해 사료가치를 평가하고 초종 및 등급별 현황을 파악하고자 수행되었다. 수입건초의 품질 평가를 위하여 2016년부터 2018년까지 전국 건초 수입상, TMR 회사와 축산 농가에서 목건초 9종 133점을 수집하였다. 수입건초의 품질등급이 3~4등급 수준으로 대부분의 수입건초가 사료성분이 낮은 것으로 판단된다. 알팔파의 품질등급별 사료성분은 ADF, Ash, TDN 및 DDM에서 유의적인 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 알팔파에 표기된 품질등급이 사료성분을 통해서 산출된 실제 품질 등급과 유사하지 않았다. 화본과목초의 품질등급별 사료성분은 DM 및 CP를 제외한 모든 항목에서 유의적인 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 국내에 유통되는 화본과목초 중에서 저품질인 품질등급 미표기가 49%를 차지하고 있으므로 사료성분에 따른 품질기준 제시가 시급하다. 이상으로 수입건초의 사료성분을 검토하였을 때 표시된 품질등급보다 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 이는 수입건초에 표시된 품질등급만으로 판매가격을 책정하는 것은 축산 농가 및 사료제조사 등에 경제적 손실을 야기한다고 볼 수 있다. 수입건초의 품질등급을 재 검토하는 제도적 장치가 마련되어야 한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2018

The natural dye product market is expanding due to the recent interest in environmentally friendly products. This study examines dyeing using natural Coptidis Rhizoma. Chitosan and Tannin was treated to improve dyeability of Coptidis Rhizoma after finding the proper dyeing condition. In addition, dyeing characteristics were compared according to mordant types along with the mordanting methods for dye fixing and color change. The results indicated that the optimum dyeing condition was to treat the concentration of 5% (o.w.b.) at $80^{\circ}C$ for 90 minutes. By the chitosan and tannin treatments, K/S value of cotton fabrics by 3 times and those of wool fabrics by 2 times increased and color depthing of dyed fabrics was achieved after 2 cycles repetition. To improve dyeability, iron mordanting was most effective; in addition, the K/S Value of pre-mordanting fabrics versus post-mordanting fabrics increased the most. The color of the surface was changed to reddish yellow when Sn, Cu mordanting, and to greenish blue when Fe mordanting. The lightfastness of dyeing fabric with mordanting was weak at 1-2 grades, but the washing fastness was good for 4 grades and the rubbing fastness and sweat fastness were as good as those of the 3-4 grades. As a result, this study could help improve the dyeability of expensive Coptidis Rhizoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4481-4485
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• 2012

Background: Chemotherapy induced leutropenia has been shown to be associated with improved treatment outcomes in selected solid tumors. We studied the association of chemotherapy induced leutropenia with treatment related outcomes in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods: This is a prospective analysis of patients receiving chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC at the Shandong Cancer Hospital from 2005-07.The chemotherapy included cisplatin $35mg/m^2$, IV on $d_{1,2}$ and vinorelbine $25mg/m^2$ IV on $d_{1,8}$ every 21 days. Patients were stratified into three groups (A) those experiencing grades 0 leucopenia, group (B) grades 1-2 and group (C) grades 3-4. The outcomes studied were response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), and time to progression (TTP). Results: 128 patients were studied. The RRs in groups A, B and C were 30.8%, 56.8% and 71.4%, respectively, p=0.010. The DCRs were 61.5%, 83.8% and 92.9%, respectively, p=0.009 and the median TTPs were 150 days (95%CI: 91-209), 189 days (95%CI: 181-197) and 207 days (95%CI: 172-242), p=0.009. The differences in RR and TTP were significant. In patients whose CIL kept on 10 days at least, the TTP was significantly prolonged, p=0.0213, and the same was the case for those experiencing grades 1-2 leucopenia and ECOG 0, p=0.0412. Conclusions: Occurrence of CIL correlated with RR and TTP in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving cisplatin and vinorelbine chemotherapy, especially in patients experiencing grades 1-2 leucopenia and ECOG 0, and the same for those with CIL persisting for 10 days at least. CIL could be a biological measure of drug activity and a marker of efficacy.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

We separately cultured follicular oocytes collected from individual ovaries of slaughtered Korean native cows and examined both the embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate after embryo transplantation according to the meat yield and quality grades of the source beef carcass. Oocytes from meat yield grade B cows exhibited a higher fertilization rate and embryonic developmental rate to the eight-cell stage than oocytes from grade A or C animals (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in rate of development to the blastocyst stage among meat yield grades A, Band C. The oocyte cleavage rate and development rate to the eight-cell stage from meat quality grade 3 cattle was higher than grades 1++, 1+, 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Embryos derived from grade animals displayed a development rate to the blastocyst stage of 19.4%, which was also higher than all other meat quality grades (p<0.05). Transplantation of in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade A ovaries led to a higher pregnancy rate (64.2%) than in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade B ovaries (56.5%), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in pregnancy or abortion rates. In conclusion, embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate has a close relation to meat quality grades of the source beef carcass, this results is to give information for the Korean native cows improvement of breed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.719-729
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to examine relationships between nurse staffing level and postsurgical patient outcomes using inpatient database from the National Health Insurance. Methods: Records of 111,491 patients who received one of 12 types of surgery between January and December, 2009 were identified and analyzed in this study. Nurse staffing level was measured using adjusted nurse staffing grades from 0 to 7. Patient outcomes were defined as in-hospital mortality, or pneumonia, sepsis, or urinary tract infection after surgery. Logistic regression analyses estimated by Generalized Estimation Model, were used to analyze the association between nurse staffing level and patient outcomes. Results: An inverse relationship was found between nurse staffing and patient mortality. Compared with patients who were cared for in hospitals with the highest nurse staffing (Grades 0-1), increases in the odds of dying were found in those with Grades 6-7 [OR (odds ratio)=2.99, 95% CI (confidence interval)=1.94-4.60], those with Grades 4-5 (OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.24-2.57) and those with Grades 2-3 (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.25-1.98). Lower nurse staffing level was also associated with higher number of cases in pneumonia and sepsis. Conclusion: Policies for providing adequate nurse staffing is required to enhance quality of care and lead to better perioperative patient outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2010

Objectives : In the study on the waveform analysis of radial artery pulse diagnosis, we need to establish fundaments of contemporary pulse diagnosis research, and to find the change of pulse waveform parameter with applied variation pf pressure. Methods : As we will to do experimental research on the difference of pulse waveform on the radial artery with applied variations of pressure(5 stage-pressure) and measuring position(left KWAN). In this research, we analyzed the change of the waveform according to five stage pressure. Results : The results were as follows; When we analyzed the change of the waveform according to pressure in the left KWAN, E, hl, h2 and A were the difference between 8ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. And t2, t4 were the difference between 8ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. W was the difference between 8ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. And h2/h1 was the difference between 6ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. There is the difference between 1st and 2nd grade & between 2nd and 5th grade in the case of t4/t2 in 95% trust section. And there is the difference between 1st and 5th grade, between 3rd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 5th grade & between 4th and 5th grade in the case of W/A in 95% trust section. And there is the difference between 1st and 2nd grade, between 2nd and 3rd grade, between 2nd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 5th grade & between 4th and 5th grade in the case of A/E in 95% trust section. Conclusions : We found the statistically resonable differences between each pulse depending on the applied pressure. And Analysing the radial pulse(left KWAN) at 5 applied pressure levels may be useful to study on the pulse waveform diagnosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.223-231
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• 1988

This study was disigned to observe the pattern of food preference, desire, and intake frequency of children in Pusan area to establish basic data for school lunch program. The children in a public school with school lunch program in Pusan area, were asked the food preference, desire, and intake frequency of the 30 food items given on questinnarie. The subjects also recorded the food intake for 3 days with the mother's help. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) The total numbers of items taken per day per children were increased with advancing grades. The numbers were 27, 33 and food items for 2nd, 4th and 6th grade respectively. 2) The degree of preference, desire and intake frequency were also increased with higher grades for most given foods except cakes, seaweeds and beans. 3) Boys showed the higher intake frequency than girls for most food items. The girls, however, showed higher preference for cakes and cookies than boys. 4) There was a significant positive correlation between food preference and desire, however, a significant correlation was not found between preference and intake frequency, and between intake frequency and desire.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2013

In this study, Mo metal powder was prepared by hydrogen reduction of Mo trioxides with different purity of 2N and 3N grades. We have obtained Mo metal powder with oxygen content of 1450 ppm by hydrogen reduction and subsequent heat treatment for degassing. Using the Mo metal powder, a low-oxygen Mo ingot was prepared by repetitive vacuum arc melting. The oxygen content of the obtained Mo ingot was less than 70 ppm after vacuum arc melting for 30 min. The purity of the Mo metal powder and the ingot was evaluated using glow discharge mass spectrometry. The purity of the respective Mo ingots was increased to 3N and 4N grades from the Mo powder of 2N and 3N grades after the repetitive vacuum arc melting. The low oxygen Mo ingot thus can be used as a raw material for sputtering targets.