• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 2019

The present study compared the sensory and physicochemical characterizations of Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma roe according to the L, M, S, 2S, KA, KB, KC, and G grades. The mean weights of the Alaska pollock roe were 81.2 g (74.1-85.7 g) in the L grade, 48.4 g (41.1-54.8 g) in the M grade, 38.6 g (33.5-45.6 g) in the S grade, 29.3 g (25.7-34.2 g) in the 2S grade, 45.7 g (41.4-50.0 g) in the KA grade, 41.4 g (37.7-46.1 g) in the KB grade, 38.3 g (36.0-42.6 g) in the KC grade, and 15.0 g (14.2-15.6 g) in the G grade. The results of the sensory (transparency, physical damage, texture, and odor) and physicochemical (moisture, amino nitrogen and volatile basic nitrogen contents, Hunter redness, and texture) evaluations revealed that, in the normal group, the quality of Alaska pollock roe was highest in the L grade followed by the M, S, and 2S grades whereas, in the cut-group order, the quality was highest in the KA grade followed by the KB, KC, and G grades. The present results suggest that the L, M, S, 2S, KA, and KB grades could be used for high-quality Alaska pollock roe products.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.363-372
• /
• 2014

This study was examined the quality characteristics of 20 types of non-sterilized commercial Makgeolli. These samples are classified according to firm size, enterprise Makgeolli(4 samples), prize-winning Makgeolli(6) and local Makgeolli(10). The alcohol contents of Makgeolli was determinded as follows: enterprise Makgeolli(6.18%), local Makgeolli(7.11%), and award-winning( 7.87%). Enterprise Makgeolli(0.24%) showed higher total acidity than award-winning and local Makgeolli(0.21%). In addition, pH levels were as follows: local Makgeolli(3.75), award-winning Makgeolli(3.77), and enterprise Makgeolli(4.09). Enterprise Makgeolli had the lowest sugar content. According to the sensory evaluation, three grades were identified based on balance and taste(5 points). The upper grade(more than 3 points) showed a higher pH, reducing sugar, higher aminoacidity, more soluble solids, and larger color differences than other grades. There were no significant differences in the level of acidity across the grades. The alcohol and volatile acid contents of the upper grade were lower than the middle(2.0-2.9 points) and lower(under 2.0 points) grades. Further research should provide a quality analysis of leavening agents and fermentation conditions, and a sensory evaluation.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.495-502
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore North Korean immigrant elementary students' cognitive and affective characteristics related to science education. A total of 68 North Korean immigrant students enrolled in 3 to 6 grades and 133 South Korean students in 4 and 6 grades in 3 South Korean elementary schools participated in the study. A short version of Group Assessment of Logical Thinking(GALT) was used to investigate the students' levels of logical thinking, and the Enjoyment of Science Lessons Scale(ESLS) of the Test of Science Related Attitudes(TOSRA) was administrated to examine their attitudes towards science lessons. The statistical analysis of data revealed that the level of logical thinking of the North Korean immigrant elementary students was very low and that this was also the case for the South Korean students. Especially, the mean score of logical thinking of the North Korean immigrant 6 graders was much lower when compared with that of the South Korean counterparts. For both the North Korean immigrant students and South Korean students, the enjoyment of science lessons decreased as they progressed through higher grades. This decreasing trend, however, turned out to be more serious in the South Korean elementary students. Based on these results, suggestions were presented to help successful science learning of North Korean immigrant elementary students.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2005

Due to the fast changing social and physical environment, the clothing behaviour of elementary school students should have been changed. Since previous research was completed a long time ago, new research must be conducted to understand the relationships of the clothing behaviour of elementary school students in terms of the time of research, gender and grades. Third and sixth grades in Susan were sampled in 2002; the secondary data in 1988 was used. Factor analysis and Lisrel's group analysis were conducted. The results indicated as follows: 1. As there was an increased interest in clothes, the comfort of the clothes was decreased at the higher grades in 1988, and the low and high grades in 2002, and the clothes of boys in high grade increased in the manageability in 2002, but nor with boy students in the low grade neither all types of students in 1988. 2. As there was an increased manageability in clothes, all types of girl students became more independence in choosing their own clothes. However, boy students in the low and high grades only increased their independence in choosing their own clothes in 1988. 3. As there was an increased comfort of clothes, there was not a significant relationship with the independence of students for choosing their clothes concerning the gender, the grades and the period of research. 4. As there was an increased interest in clothes, the low grade girl and boy students in 1988 increased in their independence in choosing their clothes. However, the high grade boy students in 1988 significantly decreased their independence. Thus there are different results in the clothing behavior in the elementary school student concerning the time of study, gender and grades.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.356-370
• /
• 2008

The study aims to explore sequence of earth science content in elementary school science curriculum in Korea and the U.S.. The analysis is focused on a) general content structure of earth science part; b) concept relationship between grades in the specific field of 'geology'; c) longitudinal connection of concepts and content in 'geology.' The findings are as follows. First, earth science curriculum content in Korea is structured according to sub-scientific disciplines centering on not science concepts but topics or inquiry activities whereas the U.S. curricular content is organized through integrative earth science topics with basic concepts and sub-concepts. Second, it is a common feature that basic concepts are interrelated to sub-concepts in all grades in both countries. However, basic concepts are scattered all over the grades, presented in a linear pattern in Korea while those are provided together in 3rd grade and repeated with extended concepts in a spiral structure in the U.S.. Last, it is not clear how concepts and content are longitudinally connected between grades in Korean curriculum. On the contrary, concepts and content in the U.S. curriculum have a strong longitudinal connection between grades with conceptual hierarchy. Such results indicate that Korean elementary school science curriculum would limit students' comprehensive understanding of science concepts through grades. The study suggests Korean science content should strengthen interrelationship among concepts as well as longitudinal connection between grades, in order to achieve the ultimate goal of science education, 'scientific literacy'.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제69권2호
• /
• pp.108-114
• /
• 2010

Background: The aim was to estimate the differences between pulmonary disability grades according to the spirometry reference equations (the Korean equation and the Morris equation). Methods: Spirometry was performed on 16,916 male and 1,353 female special examination for pneumoconiosis, in the period of 2007~2009. Changes in predictive values for forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$), forced vital capacity (FVC) and $FEV_1$/FVC and in disability grade were evaluated using both equations. Results: Mean FVCs for men and women were 4,218.7 mL and 2,801.5 mL in predictive values after the application of the Korean equation, and 3,763.9 mL and 2,395.6 mL after the Morris equation, respectively. Compared with the Morris equation, the Korean equation showed 10.8% and 14.5% of excesses for men and women (p<0.001). Mean $FEV_1s$ for men and women were 3,102.5 mL and 2,107.1 mL in the Korean equation, and 2,667.8 mL and 1,699.6 mL in the Morris equation, respectively. Compared with the Morris equation, the Korean equation showed 14.0% and 19.3% of excesses for men and women (p<0.001). Men and women who showed the changes of disability grades using the Korean equation in place of the Morris equation were 23.9% (4,052/16,916) and 22.9% (311/1,353) on FVC, and 23.1% (3,913/16,916) and 10.7% (145/1,353) on $FEV_1$. Conclusion: Applying different reference equations for spirometry has resulted in changes for disability grades in special examination for pneumoconiosis.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.535-542
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to survey and diagnostic the self-related health cognition, stress, culture life and health-related fitness for residents of rural area. For this study, Total 126 people answered by a written questionnaire and took part in health-related fitness test for old adults in rural area. According to the normal distribution, the indexes were divided into five grades(very poor 5, poor 4, average 3, good 2, very good 1). The self-related health cognition(SF-36) was third grades. The index was as same as average old adults in rural area. The old adults stress level was third grades. The degrees of stress were as same as average old adults in rural area. The participation in the culture life was fourth grades. The health-related fitness test were third-fifth grades. The results of this experiment could be functioned as a very important fundamental source in order to establish satisfying health system, social welfare for the old people in rural area. Taken together, it seemed that self-related health cognition, stress level, participation in the culture life and health-related fitness have to be considered and improved. The indexes should be further investigated and some practical method should be developed for the olded people in rural area.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.376-388
• /
• 2023

After a longitudinal analysis of the data on the college entrance examination of students enrolled in the Department of Chemistry Education at Gyeongnam from 2014 to 2021, the effect on the academic achievement of general chemistry according to the type of college entrance examination was studied. And the impact on the academic achievement of general chemistry according to the type of admission screening in face-to-face and non-face-to-face teaching-learning was also studied. As a result of analyzing the academic achievement of general chemistry by admission process, students admitted through occasional screening showed relatively high grades of A and B at 88.7%, and the ratio of grades of 1~3 of chemistry I in high school was high. On the other hand, in the case of students admitted through regular admission, the ratio of grades of A and B in general chemistry was very high at 94.3%, and the ratio of grades of 3~4 in chemistry I of the College Scholastic Ability Test was high. As a result of analyzing the academic achievement of general chemistry by class type and admission process, it was found that the grades of chemistry I by face-to-face classes had an effect on the academic achievement of general chemistry in non-face-to-face classes. In both admissions, the academic achievement of general chemistry by face-to-face classes was relatively higher than that of non-face-to-face-to-face classes.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.617-631
• /
• 2002

본 연구에서는 만 5세 유아와 초등학교 2 4 6 학년 학생을 대상으로 과학, 과학자 및 과학활동에 대한 인식을 조사하고 이를 성, 학년 등의 변인에 따라 분석하였다. 학생들은 과학자에 대한 고정된 이미지를 4가지 정도 지니고 있었으며, 구체적인 항목으로는 '실내', '남자', '과학을 상징하는 실험도구', '실험복'이었다. 이는 성, 연령에 따른 차이가 나타났다. 남아에 비해 여아의 점수가 다소 높았으며, 초등학생이 유치원 아동보다 높았으나, 초등학생 내에서 학년에 따른 차이는 없었다. 다수의 학생이 과학을 좋아하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 성에 따른 차이는 없었으나, 학년에 따른 차이가 나타나 학년이 높아질수록 선호도가 낮아졌다. 다수의 학생들이 과학을 좋아하고 재미있다고 응답했지만 장래에 과학자가 되겠다는 응답은 소수였다. 과학자에 대한 선호도는 성과 학년에 따라 차이가 있었다. 여아에 비해 남아가, 학년이 낮을수록 과학자가 되고 싶다는 반응이 높게 나타났다. 대다수의 학생들이 과학을 발명, 실험, 관찰 등으로 파악하고 있어 활동중심이 과학관을 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 성에 따른 차이는 없었으나, 학년에 따른 차이가 있었다. 개념 중심의 과학인식이 유치원 아동에 비해 초등학생이 더 많았으며, 이러한 경향은 학년이 올라가면서 두드러졌다. 학교 밖에서도 과학을 하고 있다고 응답한 학생은 소수로, 과학은 학교에서만 하는 것이라는 인식이 지배적이었다. 이는 성과 연령에 따른 차이가 없았다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Acetanilide has been in widespread use as an amide herbicide compound. However, available data regarding acute human poisoning is scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of acetanilide poisoning in order to identify the risk factors associated with severity. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study encompassing the period January 2005 to December 2010, including adult ED patients suffering from acetanilide intoxication. Toxicological history, symptoms observed, clinical signs of toxicity, and laboratory test results were collected for each patient. The patients were classified into two groups for analysis, according their poisoning severity score (PSS). Resulting clinical data and prognostic variables were compared between mild-to-moderate poisoning (PSS 1/2 grades), and severe poisonings and fatalities (PSS 3/4 grades). Results: There were a total of 37 patients, including 26 alachlor, 6 s-metolachlor, 4 mefenacet, and 1 butachlor cases. The majority of patients (81.1%) were assigned PSS 1/2 grades. Changes in mental status and observation of adverse neurologic symptoms were more common in the PSS 3/4 group. The median ingested volume of amide herbicide compound was 250 ml (IQR 200-300 ml) in the PSS 3/4 group, and 80 ml (IQR 50-138 ml) in the PSS 1/2 group. Also, the median GCS observed in the PSS 3/4 group was 13 (IQR 10-14), which was markedly low as compared to a median GCS of 15 in the PSS 1/2 group. Overall mortality rate was 5.4%, and profound cardiogenic shock was observed prior to death in all fatalities. Conclusion: When compared to previous reports, acute acetanilide poisoning resulted in relatively moderate severity. The presence of neurologic manifestations, hypotension, lower GCS score, and larger ingested volumes was associated with more serious effects and mortalities.