• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2003년도 추계학술대회초록집
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• pp.40-40
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• 2003

The c-erbB2/neu oncogene (alias HER2, NEU) encoding a tyrosine kinase receptor protein, the overexpression of which correlates with a more rapid progression and a worse prognosis in human breast cancer [1]. Otherwise, this gene is still poorly investigated in veterinary oncology [2,3]. To gain insight into the patterns of c-erbB2/neu status in canine mammary tumor, we constructed one such mammary tumor tissue microarray (TMA) from 60 tumors from our lab. This enabled the amplification of c-erbB2/neu oncogene of all 60 tumors to be simultaneously analyzed by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). The aim of this study was to evaluate status of c-erbB2/neu oncogene in canine mammary tumors and to correlate this status with the differentiation grade of neoplasm. (omitted)

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.131-145
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• 2013

The purposes of this research are : to analyze biotop type and carry out conservation value assessment in study areas, Daegu Science Park national industrial complex; to supply basic data for the landscape ecological planning; and to improve the application of assessment model with the development of Biotop Value Assessment Tool (B-VAT). The result is as follows. First of all, the field survey showed 434 species of flora and 220 species of insecta. According to the result of biotop type analysis in the biotop classification system with field survey, 13 biotope groups and 63 biotope types were classified. In the map of biotop type classification, readjusted farmland biotop(FA) was prevalent and forest biotop(E) was shown to the southeast side of the site. Next, according to the first assessment with B-VAT, total 19 biotop types including natural river(BA) with abundant plants had I grade and total 16 biotop types such as vegetable garden adjacent to river(BC) had V grade. In terms of the second assessment, we analyzed total 30 areas, total 82 areas, respectively, which had special meaning for the conservation of species and biotop(1a, 1b) and which had meaning for the conservation of species and biotop(2a, 2b, 2c). This research will be a basic data, which can solve the damage problem systematically and control it landscape-friendly with biotop classification and assessment which we developed. In particular, we expect that biotop value assessment tool(B-VAT) with GIS will be a great contribution to popularity compared with the value model by complicated algorism such as adding-matrix, weight and equal distribution. In addition, this will save the time and improve the accuracy for hand-counting.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.342-358
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences of food preference and nutrient intake of students between elementary school and middle school in the same area and to provide data for better school food service. The subjects were 486 students, third to sixth grade of 3 elementary schools and first to second grade of 1 middle school in Nam jeju gun, Jeju, and the survey was conducted during June 1999. Food preference was assessed using questionnaires and 24-hour food intake was assessed using dietary record method. Data of weight and height were obtained from annual physical examination conducted at schools in May 1999. All the variables were compared among 3 groups in each gender: third and fourth grade elementary school(ES3,4), fifth and sixth grade elementary school(ES5,6), and first and second grade middle school(MS1,2). The results were summarized as follows. The average height, weight and BMI for the 3th grade boys in elementary schools met the national averages, but those of the others are below the national averages. Although general pattern of food preference looked similar among groups, food preference scores were significantly different among groups in 38 kinds foods for boys, and 27 kinds of foods for girls. MS1,2 group showed significantly lower food preference scores for most of foods as compared to those of ES3,4 and ES5,6 in both genders. Students of higher grade took more starch foods such as instant noodle, stewed rice cake and snacks. Average energy intakes of all the groups except MS1,2 girls were lower than recommended dietary allowances(RDA), and average intakes of protein, vitamins B1 and C met RDA, but the other nutrients were taken less than RDA and especially the intakes of iron, calcium and vitamins B2 were poor. Most of nutrients taken by school food service meal provided a major proportion of intakes. In conclusion, students of middle school were more particular about their foods served at school food service and marked lower food preference score than elementary school children and more conscious about their weight and appearance. These points should be reflected in planning food service menu at middle school.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2012

목적: 아킬레스건과 전경골건 동종건을 이용하여 인대 잔여물을 최대한 보존하면서 단일 절개, 단일 다발 후방십자인대 재건술 시행 후 결과를 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: 후방십자인대 재건술을 받은 26명이 포함되었다. 남자 21명, 여자 5명이었으며 평균 나이는 32세였다. 사용된 이식건은 신선 동결 아킬레스건(제I군, 14예), 전경골건(제II군, 12예)이었으며, 단일 절개, 단일 다발로 인대 잔여물을 최대한 보존하면서 관절경적 후방십자인대 재건술을 시행하였다. 임상평가는 관절운동범위, 후방전위검사, Lysholm 점수, Tegner 활동지수, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) 등급 및 후방전위 긴장방사선 검사를 이용하여 전위 정도를 평가하였다. 평균 추시기간은 21.6개월(12-40개월)이었다. 동반손상은 내측측부인대 파열이 5예 있었으나 모두 보존치료로 호전되었다. 결과: 최종 추시 시 관절운동범위는 24예는 정상이었으나 2예에서 $10^{\circ}$ 미만의 굴곡장애가 있었다. 수술 전 후방전위검사에서 grade II가 17예, grade III가 9예 있었으나, 최종 추시 시 정상 13예, grade I 7예, grade II 6예이었다. Lysholm 점수는 수술 전 평균 62점에서 최종 추시 시 90점으로 호전되었으며, Tegner 활동지수는 수술 전 평균 3.5에서 최종 추시 시 5.6으로 호전되었다. IKDC 등급은 최종 추시 시 grade A 3예, grade B 17예, grade C 6예이었다. 후방전위 긴장방사선 소견상 수술 전 후방전위는 평균 12 mm에서 수술 후 4.5 mm로 호전되었다. 양군 간에 임상적 결과에는 통계적으로 차이가 없었다. 합병증으로 아킬레스건을 사용한 군에서 건-골 이행부의 파열이 2예 있었다. 결론: 동종 아킬레스건과 전경골건을 이용하여 단일 절개, 단일 다발 후방십자인대 재건술은 양군 간에 임상적으로 차이 없이 좋은 결과를 얻었으나 아킬레스건 사용군에서 재파열이 더 많았으며, 더 많은 증례로 장기간의 추시가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6359-6364
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• 2015

Background: Preclinical studies have shown that the combination of an aromatase inhibitor (AI) and capecitabine in estrogen receptor (ER)- positive cell lines enhance antitumor efficacy. This retrospective analysis of a group of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) evaluated the efficacy and safety of combined AI with capecitabine. Materials and Methods: Patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer treated between 1st January 2005 and 31st December 2010 with a combination of capecitabine and AI were evaluated and outcomes were compared with those of women treated with capecitabine in conventional dose or AI as a monotherapy. Results: Of 72 patients evaluated, 31 received the combination treatment, 22 AI and 19 capecitabine. The combination was used in 20 patients as first-line and 11 as second-line treatment. Mean age was 46.2 years with a range of 28-72 years. At the time of progression, 97% had a performance status of <2 and 55% had visceral disease. No significant difference was observed between the three groups according to clinical and pathological features. Mean follow up was 38 months with a range of 16-66 months. The median PFS of first-line treatment was significantly better for the combination (PFS 21 months vs 8.0 months for capecitabine and 15.0 months for AI). For second-line treatment, the PFS was longer in the combination compared with capecitabine and Al groups (18 months vs. 5.0 months vs. 11.0 months, respectively). Median 2 year and 5 year survival did not show any significant differences among combination and monotherapy groups. The most common adverse events for the combination group were grade 1 and 2 hand-for syndrome (69%), grade 1 fatigue (64%) and grade 1 diarrhoea (29%). Three grade 3 hand-foot syndrome events were reported. Conclusions: Combination treatment with capecitabine and AI used as a first line or second line treatment was safe with much lowered toxicity. Prospective randomized clinical trials should evaluate the use of combination therapy in advanced breast cancer to confirm these findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2385-2390
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• 2015

Background: Invasive ductal (IDC) and lobular (ILC) carcinomas are the common histological types of breast carcinoma which are difficult to distinguish when poorly differentiated. Discoidin domain receptor (DDR1) and Drosophila dishevelled protein (DVL1) were recently suggested to differentiate IDC from ILC. Objectives: To assess the expression of DDR1 and DVL1 and their association with histological type, grading and hormonal status of IDC and ILC. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on IDC and ILC breast tumours. Tumours were immunohistochemically stained for (DDR1) and (DVL1) as well as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and C-erbB2 receptor. Demographic data including age and ethnicity were obtained from patient records. Results: A total of 51 cases (30 IDCs and 21 ILCs) were assessed. DDR1 and DVL1 expression was not significantly associated with histological type (p=0.57 and p=0.66 respectively). There was no association between DDR1 and DVL1 expression and tumour grade (p=0.32 and p=1.00 respectively), ER (p=0.62 and 0.50 respectively), PR (p=0.38 and p=0.63 respectively) and C-erbB2 expression (p=0.19 and p=0.33 respectively) in IDC. There was no association between DDR1 and DVL1 expression and tumour grade (p=0.52 and p=0.33 respectively), ER (p=0.06 and p=0.76 respectively), PR (p=0.61 and p=0.43 respectively) and C-erbB2 expression (p=0.58 and p=0.76 respectively) in ILC. Conclusions: This study revealed that DDR1 and DVL1 are present in both IDC and ILC regardless of the tumour differentiation. More studies are needed to assess the potential of these two proteins in distinguishing IDC from ILC in breast tumours.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1990

The purpose of this survey is to investigate the status on attitudes toward science among the elementary school students in Korea. The attitudes toward science were measured with TOSRA(Test of Science-Related Attitudes) Which was developed by Fraser, B.J.. This survey were male 963 elementary school students of $4^{th}-6^{th}$ in Seoul and Kyeong gi Province as an object. The major findings of the study are as follows: 1. The overall attitudes toward science of measured elementary school students shows a positive tendency. 2. Male students exhibited significantly(p<0.001)more positive attitudes toward science than females. 3. There were no differences(p<0.05) between the students in Seoul and Kyeong gi Province in attitudes toward science. 4. Attitudes toward science of elementary school students in this population steadily declined from grade four to grade six. The sharpest decline was seen at grade six.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1996년도 The 9th KACG Technical Annual Meeting and the 3rd Korea-Japan EMGS (Electronic Materials Growth Symposium)
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• pp.526-526
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• 1996

The single crystal of LiTaO3 is well known eletro-optic material as well as the piezoelectric one applied to SAW filter. LiTaO3 has large electro-optic effects, so applied to optical switch, acosto-optic deflector, and optical memory device using photorefractive effects. The crystal growth of SAW-grade LiTaO3 has been studied many aspects, but there is no detail research about optic-grade crystal growth. The conditions of optic-grade LiTaO3 single crystal are as below. The optical transmittance must be over 75%, and axial and radial concentratiom uniformity below 1%. The variation of Curie temperature depending on Li/Ta ratio must be also below 2$^{\circ}C$ and no internal no internal cracks and defects. Because of the limitation of crystal quality, the growing of optic-grade LiTaO3 single crystal is very difficult compared with the growing of SAW-grade. In this research, upper conditions of optic-grade single crystal was investigated after growing of 1 inch diameter and 1.5 inch length LiTaO3 single crystal having no internal cracks and defects using Czochralski method. Curie temperature was determined with DSC and measuring capacitance and lattice parameter was calculated about the grown crystal and ceramic powder samples of various Li/Ta ratio. The result of Tc variation was below 1.2$^{\circ}C$ all over the grown crystal, so it is confirmed that LiTaO3 was grown under congruent melting composition having optical homogeniety. Also, the optical transmittance was about 78%, which was sufficient for optical device.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

금속급 실리콘(MG-Si)을 태양전지용 실리콘(SOG-Si)으로 정제하기 위한 경제적인 프로세스를 구축하기 위하여 1823 K에서 CaO-$SiO_2$ 계 슬래그에 의한 붕소의 제거에 대하여 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 CaO-$SiO_2$와 $CaCO_3-SiO_2$ 슬래그의 염기도(%CaO/$%SiO_2$) 증가에 따라 B의 제거율은 각각 63%와 73%까지 증가하였다. 그러나 Ar 가스에 의한 슬래그와 실리콘의 교반 시간의 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 CaO-$SiO_2$ 계 슬래그에 $Na_2CO_3$를 첨가하였으나 그 영향은 크지 않았다. $CaCO_3-SiO_2$ 슬래그(염기도=1.2)에 의해 3회 처리한 결과 B의 농도는 1.03 ppm까지 감소하였다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data for the establishment of the curriculum from the analysis of knowledge about hepatitis B among dental hygiene students. Methods: Data was collected from the students of two colleges majoring in dental hygiene in Daegu, using questionnaire. They were the students of the 1st, 2nd, and 3 grade, in total 390 student. The analysis was made using t-test, (one-way ANOVA), and multiple linear regression analysis. These were conducted using spss 14.0 version Results: Hepatitis B in the theoretical knowledge 'yes' if the answer 'When one of the family member is contaminated with Hepatitis the other members have to take the physical examination and vaccination against Hepatitis' to 86.7 % was the highest. The educational experience(p<0.01) and hepatitis B vaccination(p<0.001) of the mean difference between the groups investigated were statistically significant. Third grade, the higher the knowledge of hepatitis B was found to be lower relationship showed a statistically significant negative(p<0.05), clinical experience, the more experience, the more hepatitis B vaccinations were higher statistical knowledge relationship showed a significant positive(p<0.01). Conclusion: Currently dental hygiene curriculum is offered as a regular dental infection control subject, but more specific and systematic infection prevention subjects are required through continuing education program. In addition, for the admission of the students majoring in dental hygiene hepatitis B vaccination plan should be mandatory.