• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 1995

Natural rubber(NR)-polyacrylamide(PAAm) graft copolymers(GP)(toluene soluble GP : TSGP, water dispersible GP : WDGP) have been synthesized as coupling agents by pre-emulsification methods based on "inverse emulsion graft polymerization" technique. The polymerization was carried out at $65^{\circ}C$ using Azobisisobytyro nitrile(AIBN) as an initiator in the inverse emulsion system formed by inxing NR toluene solution with inverse emulsion of awueous AAm solution emulsified with $Tween^{\#}$ 80 in toluene. The mechanism of inverse emulsion graft copolymerization was studied on AAm conversion, % grafting, grafting efficiency, NR conversion, production ratio of TSGP and amount of GP(sum of TSGP and WDGP). The reaction has been confirmed through use of optical microscope to proceed via adsorption of emulsifier colloid particles onto the stretched NR molecule. From the analysis of the effects of various polymerization conditions on the grafting, it has also been found that the present rection system can easily yield high(over 90%) grafting efficiency and AAm conversion and relatively high(over 80%) NR conversion.onversion.

• 전기의세계
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.41-47
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• 2004

최근 들어 무선 인터넷 시장이 형성되면서 이동성을 기반으로 하는 서비스에 대한 관심이 급증하고 있다. 그리고, 휴대폰, PDA와 같은 휴대용 단말기의 사용이 일반화된 가운데 GPS를 기반으로 하는 서비스들도 점차적으로 보편화되어 가고 있다. 이러한 변화에 따라 이동성을 지원하는 무선 단말기를 기반으로 한 모바일 GIS 환경에서의 위치 정보 활용은 크나큰 관심을 불러들이고 있으며, 또한 이러한 서비스를 효율적으로 제공하기 위해서 위치 기반 서비스(LBS: Location Based Service)의 기술 개발이 절대적으로 필요하게 되었다.(중략)

• Acute and Critical Care
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.246-251
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• 2018

Background: Target temperature management (TTM) improves neurological outcomes for comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We compared the efficacy and safety of a gel pad cooling device (GP) and a water blanket (WB) during TTM. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis in a single hospital, wherein we measured the time to target temperature ($<34^{\circ}C$) after initiation of cooling to evaluate the effectiveness of the cooling method. The temperature farthest from $33^{\circ}C$ was selected every hour during maintenance. Generalized estimation equation analysis was used to compare the absolute temperature differences from $33^{\circ}C$ during the maintenance period. If the selected temperature was not between $32^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$, the hour was considered a deviation from the target. We compared the deviation rates during hypothermia maintenance to evaluate the safety of the different methods. Results: A GP was used for 23 patients among of 53 patients, and a WB was used for the remaining. There was no difference in baseline temperature at the start of cooling between the two patient groups (GP, $35.7^{\circ}C$ vs. WB, $35.6^{\circ}C$; P=0.741). The time to target temperature (134.2 minutes vs. 233.4 minutes, P=0.056) was shorter in the GP patient group. Deviation from maintenance temperature (2.0% vs. 23.7%, P<0.001) occurred significantly more frequently in the WB group. The mean absolute temperature difference from $33^{\circ}C$ during the maintenance period was $0.19^{\circ}C$ (95% confidence interval [CI], $0.17^{\circ}C$ to $0.21^{\circ}C$) in the GP group and $0.76^{\circ}C$ (95% CI, $0.71^{\circ}C$ to $0.80^{\circ}C$) in the WB group. GP significantly decreased this difference by $0.59^{\circ}C$ (95% CI, $0.44^{\circ}C$ to $0.75^{\circ}C$; P<0.001). Conclusions: The GP was superior to the WB for strict temperature control during TTM.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.493-497
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amlodipine on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin after oral and intravenous administration of warfarin in rats. Warfarin was administered orally (0.2 mg/kg) or intravenously (0.05 mg/kg) without or with oral administration of amlodipine (0.1 or 0.4 mg/kg) in rats. The effect of amlodipine on the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as well as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity was also evaluated. Amlodipine inhibited CYP3A4 enzyme activity with 50% inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) of 9.1 ${\mu}M$. Compared to those animals in the oral control group (warfarin without amlodipine), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of warfarin was significantly greater (0.1 mg/kg, p<0.05; 0.4 mg/kg, p<0.01) by 26.5-53.5%, and the peak plasma concentration ($C_{max}$) was significantly higher (0.4 mg/kg, p<0.05) by 26.2% after oral administration of warfarin with amlodipine, respectively. Consequently, the relative bioavailability of warfarin increased by 1.26- to 1.53-fold and the absolute bioavailability of warfarin with amlodipine was significantly greater by 61.7-72.5% compared to that in the control group (47.4%). In contrast, amlodipine had no effect on any pharmacokinetic parameters of warfarin given intravenously. Therefore, the enhanced oral bioavailability of warfarin may be due to inhibition of CYP 3A4-mediated metabolism in the intestine and/or liver rather than renal elimination and P-gp by amlodipine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2245-2249
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• 2014

Background: Human papillomavirus is a well-established cause of the development of a variety of epithelial lesions in the cervix. However, as yet, incorporation of HPV testing into cervical cancer screening either as an adjunct or stand alone test is limited due to its cost. We therefore here ascertained the presence and type specificity of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA in routine cervical scrapings. Materials and Methods: Cervical scrapings were collected from women attending clinics for routine Pap smear screening. HPV-DNA was detected by PCR using MY09/11 and GP5+/GP6+ primer sets and genotyping was accomplished by cycle-sequencing. Results: A total of 635 women were recruited into the study with $mean{\pm}SD$ age of $43{\pm}10.5$ years. Of these 92.6% (588/635) were reported as within normal limits (WNL) on cytology. The presence of HPV infection detected by nested MY/GP+-PCR was 4.4% (28/635). The overall prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) in abnormal Pap smears was 53.8% (7/13). HPVs were also seen in 3.1% (18/588) of smears reported as WNL by cytology and 5.9% (2/34) in smears unsatisfactory for evaluation. Conclusions: The overall percentage of HPV positivity in routine cervical screening samples is comparable with abnormal findings in cytology. Conventional Pap smear 'missed' a few samples. Since HPV testing is expensive, our results may provide valuable information for strategising implementation of effective cervical cancer screening in a country with limited resources like Malaysia. If Pap smear coverage could be improved, HPV testing could be used as an adjunct method on cases with ambiguous diagnoses.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.53-63
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of automatic measuring systems for air pollution emissions in Seoul and to suggest an improvement method using GIS and GPS. In Korea, there have been very few critical researches and managements for mobile and area sources regarding moving subjects such as automobiles. In order to control or to make a plan for reducing air pollutions, air pollution emission data based on tim and location, emission inventory systems and emission models should be implemented. Using digital maps and MS Visual Basic, we developed a visualized interface for air pollution emission data from automatic emission measurement systems in Seoul.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

Smart phones are very convenient for communication, but you need to not to forget to change to silent mode when you go to church or cinema. Many people used to forget changing their cell phones to silent mode. In this paper, we have developed an android smart phone app. for automatic changing silent mode, which exploited smart phones' GPS and computing capability. According to the GPS location data and time, this app. will automatically change a cell phone to silent mode. We believe that this app. would provide us a lot of convenience.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2006

The plant Indigofera aspalathoides is used by a large number of tribes in India for the treatment of various hepatic disorders and abscesses. The methanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (MEIA) was evaluated for its protective effects on gastric mucosal lesion in Wister albino rats against indomethacin, histamine and ethanol induced gastric mucosal damage. The response to MEIA was assessed using the ulcer index, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and glutahione level. MEIA pretreatment showed protection against chemical induced gastric mucosal damage, a significant reduction in the ulcer index and TBARS activity and increase glutathione level as compared with that of standard drugs.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.50-53
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• 2018

Cyclic measurement system using relay circuit for organic light emitting diode (OLED) was demonstrated. The OLED characterization such as current-voltage, impedance, and capacitance-voltage is performed in sequence, repetitively and automatically under full control of the personnel computer (PC) without changing the connection of cables. Owing to in situ degradation by cyclic measurement, the time dependence of the data can give good information on the reliability factor of the OLED devices. Therefore, both performance and reliability of the OLEDs can be evaluated, with no manual operation during the entire process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.3 no.2 s.7
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• pp.53-61
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• 1999

The safety of gas utilities is intimidated by many causes. Among them, subsidence is a dominant cause to decrease the safety of gas utilities. So it is very important to monitor the displacement of subsidence. The purpose of this study is to on-line monitor the subsidence of gas utilities using Static GPS(Global Positioning System)technique. Static GPS technique, which is one of various GPS techniques and originally applied to monitor the crustal activity, was applied for two gas station in Korea Gas Corporation. Prior to applying this technique to the field, i.e, gas station, a preliminary test was peformed to confirm the accuracy of this technique. As a result, it was proved that this technique can measure the displacement of gas utilities three dimensionally by sub-millimeter. After getting confirmation of GPS technique, we applied this technique for two gas stations and monitored the amount of subsidence during 5 months. As a result of field test, we can conclude that the gas stations was subsiding several millimeters in a year.