• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

This study reviews the new Perspectives of science and technology Policy based on "the innovation system ap-proach" . It examines the theories of innovation and the economic rationale of government intervention of the in-novation system approach and compares them with those of traditional nee-classical approach. It also examines the basic theme of science and technology Policy of "the innovation system approach" It argues that the enhancement of innovating capability, the transformation of innovation system coping with changing technological and econom-ic environments, and the policy learning of the government and innovators are very important and peculiar sub-jects of the science and technology Policy based on "the innovation system approach".ovation system approach".uot;.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.71-94
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• 1990

This paper reviews the rationale of monetary and banking intervention by an outside authority, either the government or the central bank, and seeks to delineate clearly the optimal limits to the monetary and banking deregulation currently underway in Korea as well as on a global scale. Furthermore, this paper seeks to establish an objective and balanced view on the role of the central bank, especially in light of the current discussion on the restructuring of Korea's central bank, which has been severely contaminated by interest-group politics. The discussion begins with the recognition that the modern free banking school and the new monetary economics are becoming formidable challenges to the traditional role of the government or the central bank in the monetary and banking sector. The paper reviews six arguments that have traditionally been presented to support intervention: (1) the possibility of an over-issue of bank notes under free banking instead of central banking; (2) externalities in and the public good nature of the use of money; (3) economies of scale and natural monopoly in producing money; (4) the need for macro stabilization policy due to the instability of the real sector; (5) the external effects of bank failure due to the inherent instability of the existing banking system; and (6) protection for small banknote users and depositors. Based on an analysis of the above arguments, the paper speculates on the optimal role of the government or central bank in the monetary and banking system and the optimal degree of monetary and banking deregulation. By contrast to the arguments for free banking or laissez-faire monetary systems, which become fashionable in recent years, monopoly and intervention by the government or central bank in the outside money system can be both necessary and optimal. In this case, of course, an over-issue of fiat money may be possible due to political considerations, but this issue is beyond the scope of this paper. On the other hand, the issue of inside monies based on outside money could indeed be provided for optimally under market competition by private institutions. A competitive system in issuing inside monies would help realize, to the maxim urn extent possible, external economies generated by using a single outside money. According to this reasoning, free banking activities will prevail in the inside money system, while a government monopoly will prevail in the outside money system. This speculation, then, also implies that the monetary and banking deregulation currently underway should and most likely will be limited to the inside money system, which could be liberalized to the fullest degree. It is also implied that it will be impractical to deregulate the outside money system and to allow market competition to provide outside money, in accordance with the arguments of the free banking school and the new monetary economics. Furthermore, the role of the government or central bank in this new environment will not be significantly different from their current roles. As far as the supply of fiat money continues to be monopolized by the government, the control of the supply of base money and such related responsibilities as monetary policy (argument(4)) and the lender of the last resort (argument (5)) will naturally be assigned to the outside money supplier. However, a mechanism for controlling an over-issue of fiat money by a monopolistic supplier will definitely be called for (argument(1)). A monetary policy based on a certain policy rule could be one possibility. More importantly, the deregulation of the inside money system would further increase the systemic risk inherent in the current fractional banking system, while enhancing the efficiency of the system (argument (5)). In this context, the role of the lender of the last resort would again become an instrument of paramount importance in alleviating liquidity crises in the early stages, thereby disallowing the possibility of a widespread bank run. Similarly, prudential banking supervision would also help maintain the safety and soundness of the fully deregulated banking system. These functions would also help protect depositors from losses due to bank failures (argument (6)). Finally, these speculations suggest that government or central bank authorities have probably been too conservative on the issue of the deregulation of the financial system, beyond the caution necessary to preserve system safety. Rather, only the fullest deregulation of the inside money system seems to guarantee the maximum enjoyment of external economies in the single outside money system.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.14-42
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• 1996

On rationale for government intervention is the failure of competition in the market. Health care markets are characterized by such unique aspects as information asymmetry, prevalence of insurance, and cost-increasing competition based on the adoption of costly medical technology. Therefore, government policy to guarantee a sufficient number of providers in markets may not lead to socially beneficisal outcomes such as higher quantity and lower price. This paper examines the unique nature of health services and its implications for competition, the evidence that competition may not reduce health care ex[enditures, and policy tools that government can use to encourage competition which contributes to supporting a sustainable health care system.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.461-472
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Globally, it has been projected that there will be 2 billion overweight and 1 billion obese individuals by 2030. In Korea, the prevalence of adult obesity (BMI > 25) increased from 29.7% in 2009 to 32.4% in 2015. Moreover, childhood obesity, which leads to adulthood obesity, has increasingly become a social problem. The purpose of this review is to summarize the scientific basis for the development of effective models and policies aimed at preventing obesity over a lifetime based on research modeling obesogenic environments. MATERIALS/METHODS: The review focuses on the characteristics of obesity prevalence and trends in 3P analysis (papers, patents, and products) as well as government-funded projects in Korean obesity obesogenic environments over the last 10 years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: As a result of the 3P analysis, studies on obesity risk factors were frequently carried out, according to two data bases RISS (4.9%) and PubMed (24.7%). Since there were only 17% patents related to the mechanism of preventing obesity in 7,951 Korean patents related to obesity, new paradigms of technologies to dominate the global obesity markets are needed. After government-funded projects were analyzed, communication and cooperation in multi-governmental departments were suggested to elucidate the characteristics of Korean obesity. Government should also produce short- and long-term road maps to develop a practical, successful outcome. Although the rate of obesity in Korea is currently lower than in other developed countries according to WHO criteria, without adequate governmental intervention, obesity rates will approach those of the top countries with high incidence rates of obesity within the next 10 years.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.25-44
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• 2000

The purpose of this article is to analyse the policy-making process concerning the selection of providers for IMT-2000, the global roaming communication services in Korea by adopting the new institutional approach. It is supposed to contribute to understanding the characteristic of the policy process in the field of information and communication. We can see the durability of institution through the process that the government lost its policy credibility by using the intervention instrument rather than letting go in the market place.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of various government support policy for IoT sector and survey the level of satisfaction and relative importance among policies. In order to achieve the goal, this study surveyed experts in the field of IoT, utilizing Hierarchy Process Analysis methods. Major findings are as follows; first, despite of wide range of IoT-related policies, experts in the industry and academy are very limited, ; second, the order of policy satisfaction is primarily on Oversea Marketing, followed by R&D support, Venture support, Human resource education.; third, the order of importance is primarily Venture support, followed by R&D support, Human resource education. Also, it has been given the higher importance to the role of leader as R&D support, Oversea market pioneering, and industry university network, rather than the role of coordinator and supporter. However, expert group does not recognize the importance of policies related to the role of coordinator because these policies always have been conducted in major government projects.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.33-53
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• 2017

The UK Government's approach to how to deliver regeneration in its towns and cities has changed considerably in recent years. Traditionally, urban regeneration policy focused on reversing physical, economic and social decline in an area where market forces would not do this without intervention. Since 2010 urban regeneration has become a vital part of the Government's approach to increasing local growth and competitiveness and building a strong and balanced economy. The current emphasis is on a place-based approach to regeneration that builds on the particular strengths of different places to drive growth and addresses the factors that hold them back. This paper outlines the key features of current UK urban regeneration policy and how interventions to support regeneration and growth are being pursued at different spatial scales to ensure all parts of the country benefit. They include pan regional initiatives like the Northern Powerhouse and Midlands Way, to groups of local authorities operating at a sub regional level (combined authorities/city regions), Local Enterprise Partnerships, and a variety of smaller scale programmes delivering regeneration in areas of economic and social decline. The paper explains some of the policy instruments and funding programmes available to support regeneration, and provides case studies of some major urban regeneration projects that illustrate the new approach including housing and infrastructure improvements like the planned High Speed Rail 2 line. These are supporting regeneration through the creation of strategic partnerships involving government, places and investors. The paper concludes with some lessons from past and future regeneration schemes to improve their effectiveness and impact on places and enhance local growth potential.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a healthy school tuck shop program, developed as a way of creating a healthy and nutritional school environment, on students' access to healthy foods. Five middle schools and four high schools (775 students) participated in the healthy school tuck shop program, and nine schools (1,282 students) were selected as the control group. The intervention program included restriction of unhealthy foods sold in tuck shops, provision of various fruits, and indirect nutritional education with promotion of healthy food products. The program evaluation involved the examination of students' purchase and intake patterns of healthy foods, satisfaction with the available foodstuffs, and utilization of and satisfaction with nutritional educational resources. Our results indicated that among of the students who utilized the tuck shop, about 40% purchased fruit products, showing that availability of healthy foods in the tuck shop increased the accessibility of healthy foods for students. Overall food purchase and intake patterns did not significantly change during the intervention period. However, students from the intervention schools reported higher satisfaction with the healthy food products sold in the tuck shop than did those from the control schools (all $P$ < 0.001), and they were highly satisfied with the educational resources provided to them. In conclusion, the healthy school tuck shop program had a positive effect on the accessibility of healthy food. The findings suggest that a healthy school tuck shop may be an effective environmental strategy for promoting students' access to healthy foods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.553-564
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• 2017

We analyzed the effects of government intervention on competition structure of telecommunication companies.. Results showed a decrease in market share difference among mobile telecommunication companies due to increased competition caused by the introduction of mobile virtual network operators (MVNO) and mobile number portability. We also found that the introduction of the MVNO caused a relaxed competition structure between network operators. Furthermore, we observed an increased subscriber influx of late adapters after the introduction of the Mobile and Service Retail Regulation Law (MRL). However, we found a gradual decrease in the competitiveness of MVNO following the introduction of MRL. In addition, the introduction of Mobile and Service Retail Regulation Law had a negative impact on customer churn as well as the financial structures of telecommunication companies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.71-77
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• 2013

Broadcaster and production studio inevitably take the risk in Korea because the outsourced drama is contracted before produced. However, it is important for both parties to share risk and reward. This study seeks to assess the fairness of the copyright contract between broadcaster and production studio by examining whether they both have the balanced risk and reward structure. For the study, revenue and cost elements with their amounts are identified, which come from TV commercials, oversea sales, the secondary windows, sponsorship, and product placement. Next, the revenue and COGS (Cost of goods sold) of broadcaster and studio are estimated for both cases of when drama becomes successful or not. The analysis reveals that the current copyright agreement allows broadcaster hold low risk but high reward whilst production studio takes high risk low reward. However, the result doesn't imply that government intervention is justified because demand and supply determine the negotiation power in a free economy.