• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1991

Baekhaju is commonly called Bangmoonju. However comparing Baekhaju while Baekhaju used distiller's grains, Bangmoonju did not use them. Baekhaju used only nonglutinous rice, however, Bangmoonju used glutinous rice or a mixture of glutinous rice and nonglutinous rice. Baekhaju in Chinese, which was misrecored on Baekhaju in Korean from 15th century. However, Baekhaju should be distingnish from Baekhwaju, which is made buy addition of many flowers in various wine. Baekhaju used distiller's grains in the first step of its manufacture procedure. For the fermentation of Baekhaju, one of the three bases, which are rice gruel, rice cake or 구멍떡 was added to distiller's grains. Flours and nuruk are also added. In the second step, steamed water-soaked rice and nuruk was added up to the Baekhaju-base which was got from the first step.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 1992

The research on the manufacturing procedure of Hosanchun jun in the classical literature(17 kinds) showed that the most usually brewed rice wine in it is the 3rd step rice wine, which is brewed by adding rice wine base to it at the intervals used quantity are as follows. Nonglutinous rice(88.2%), flour(82.3%), and nu-ruk(100%) are used in the 1st step of brewing, and nonglutinous rice(82.3%), glutinous rice(17.6%), flour(23.5%), and nu-ruk(11.3%) are used in the 2nd sep, and glutinous rice, flour, and 3rd step of brewing. The grains are used in the form of -paste(88.2%) in the 1st, and in the form of paste(64.7%) and steamed water-soaked rice(sul-bab)(29.4%) in the second step, and sul-bab(64.7%) in the 3rd step of brewing. Nu-ruk is used in small quantity in the 3rd step but it is used I somewhat larger quantity in the 2nd step of brewing.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.387-393
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• 2012

In the present study, ${\beta}$-glucanase-assisted extraction of starch from glutinous barley(Hinchal ssalbory) was investigated. ${\beta}$-glucanase was added to a coarse starch suspension obtained after wet milling in the starch extraction process. It was found that in the isolated starch with enzyme treatment, protein content was lower by 0.03%, compared to that with non-enzyme treatment. More importantly it was observed that the extraction yield of starch from enzyme treatment was found to be about 12% higher than the one from non-enzyme treatment (enzyme treated: 90.56%, non-enzyme treated: 78.46%). In order to elucidate this finding, the mass-balance determination of starch in each extraction step was carried out and found that the enzyme treatment might influence on the insoluble residues(R3 and R4 fractions) to hydrolyze ${\beta}$-glucan and other materials (e.g., mucilages etc.), thereby facilitated the separation of starch from it and a next filtration process. With a phase-contrast microscope it was observed that the isolated starch with enzyme treatment contained small starch granules more than the one with non-enzyme treatment and this might result in higher extraction yield observed with the former. In order to confirm this hypothesis, further experiments would be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the reasonable soaking period of glutinous rice for laver Bugak (Korean traditional fried dishes) processing and to identify the sensory characteristics of three kinds of laver Bugak made with different starch pastes: GRice_1d using glutinous rice soaked for 1 day; GRice_7d using glutinous rice fermented for 7 days; and Wheat using flour. Descriptive analysis was performed by 10 trained panelists, and the 92 consumers evaluated the overall acceptance (OL), acceptance of appearance (APPL), odor (ODL), flavor (FLL), and texture (TXTL) of the samples using a 9-point hedonic scale. From the measurement result by scanning electron microscope (SEM), there were differences in the surface characteristics among soaking period for 1 day and 7 days. Ten panelists were trained, and they evaluated the appearance, odor/aroma, flavor/taste, texture/mouth feel, and after taste attributes of these samples. 36 attributes were generated by panelists and 12 attribute were significantly different across products (p<0.05). It was found that the Grice_7d sample was characterized by mouthfeel of crispiness and uniformity of bubbles, and the Wheat sample was characterized by surface of roughness, mouthfeel of crispiness and adhesiveness, relatively. And the Grice_1d sample was characterized by surface of roughness, mouthfeel of roughness, hardness, cohesiveness, toughness, and adhesiveness.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 1987

Rheological properties of 5% starch suspension were investigated using a capillarity tube viscometer. Nonglutinous and glutinous rice starch suspensions at $30-60^{\circ}C$, and $30-55^{\circ}C$, respectively, had no yield stress and showed dilatant flow behavior in the absence or presence of phosphate. However, flow behavior of nonglutinuous starches at $65^{\circ}C$ and glutinous starch at $60^{\circ}C$ was pseudopalastic. Flow activation energies for rice starch suspensions were 0.88-1.45 kcal/mole at $30-50^{\circ}C$ and about 45-73 kcal/mole $60-65^{\circ}C$. Flow activation energy in the presence of phosphate was 90-182 kcal/mole at $60-65^{\circ}C$. Akibare starch had the highest activation energy, and glutinous starch the lowest.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 1982

Busuge is conventional snack food in Korea which is made from steeped glutinous rice. The effect of the steeping time on total acidity, viscosity, canons, phosphorus and raising power of glutinous rice was investigated. Total acidity was increased from 0.3 to 1.02% by steeping for 20 days at $10^{\circ}C$. Viscosity was increased from 25.5 to 32.4 cP after 14 days steeping and thereafter decreased to 23.5 cP. K, Na, Ca, Mg and P were leached 68, 67, 85 and 16% on 20 days steeping, respectively. K, Na and P were leached in the initial period, and Ca, Mg in the middle period of steeping. Raising power was increased according to the acidity increase and leaching of Ca, Mg and inorganic phosphorus during steeping. However, influence of the former on raising power was greater than the after.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1990

Starch samples of rice and glutinous rice starches were adjusted to 27 % of moisture and heated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours, respectively. After the treatment, their physicochemical properties were investigated. The granule shapes of all the starches were polygonal and they became slightly bigger in their sizes after the treatment. All their X-ray diffraction patterns were A types. The specific gravity of the starches decreased to 1.03-1.09 by the treatment. The water binding capacity of rice starches increased, while that of glutinous counterparts slightly decreased. Almost no change in the amount of amylose included was found. Swelling power and solubility were increased with the increase of temperature. At a certain temperature, however, the solubility of the treated starches increased when the swelling power decreased. The initial gelatinization temperatures of Akkibare, Yongmun, and Taebaek starches were $60{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ but those of glutinous rice starch and U.S.A. rice starch were $55{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ and $70{\sim}75^{\circ}C$, respectively, as measured by transmittance. The gelatinization temperature of the treated starches was higher than that of the untreated starches.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.360-378
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• 1998

Imwonshibyukji was a copying manuscript written around 1825, the 27th year of king Soonjo of the Josun Dynasty. It was a massive home encyclopedia of total 52 books and 100 volumes. The unpublished 'Jeongjoji' of its 17-20th volumes analyzed the cooking methods on the steamed rice and gruel and studied the degree of their usefulness and medical values in the light of the cooking process science. The cooking method on the steamed rice was composed of 14 items, and the general introduction outlined 6 kinds of the rice. These were all quoted from Chinese literatures. The 11 items present the methods on the general production of the rice, 2 on the cooking process, and 1 on the preservation. The main material of the rice was rice, and others were naked barley, prosomillet, foxtail millet, glutinous millet, etc. , and the secondary materials were glutinous rice, small red bean, black soybean, potato, bamboo seed, jujube, taro, gaertner, chestnut powder, persimmon power, julib(Zizania caduciflora), mangcho(Erigeron canadensis), namchok(Nandina domestica), licorice root, nitrous, peach, palmicha(schizandra, jinseng, cheonmoondong(Asparagus), and honey are mixed), etc. The literatures quoted in the rice were all 33, in which 23 were Chinese (69.7%) and 10 were Korean (30.3%). In the case of gruel, the cooking methods on the general gruel were described in 41 items, and on the gruel for a medical treatment were in 48 items, in which there was not a cooking method on the gruel but only its medical values were presented. The materials used for the general gruel were approximately 60 kinds: rice, glutinous rice, munbean, job's tears, rye, soybean, black sesame seed, antler of cervidae, chicken, crucian carp, and various medical materials, etc. The gruel was mainly used for protection and medical treatment, and partly for food for hungry people. The literatures quoted in the gruel were total 57, in which 26 were Korean(45.6%), and 31 were Chinese (54.4%). It can be their characteristics that Almost all of the Chinese literatures on the methods of the steamed rice and gruel do not exist.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.8-11
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• 2005

Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of ethanol fraction of three different rice (Oryzasativa L. var. japonica) grain (Jakwangchalbyeo, red-pericarp glutinous rice; Hwasunchalbyeo, white-pericarp glutinous rice; Ilpumbyeo, white-pericarp non-glutinous rice) extracts on the protection of oxidative stress. Antioxidant activities of ethanol fraction of rice grain extracts were made with MTT cell viability assay in H4IIE cell that is challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Hwasunchalbyeo extract and Ilpumbyeo extract did not show any significant protective effects on the $H_2O_2-induced$ oxidative stress in B4IIE cells, and Jakwangchalbyeo extract improved the cell viability up to $82\%\;and\;74\%$ at concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$ for 5 h and 24 h treatment, respectively. In conclusion, red-pericarp Jakwangchalbyeo extract as compared with other rice extracts exerted significant inhibitory effects on the hydyogen peroxideinduced oxidative stress in the H4IIE cells.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 1978

The manufacture of vinegar provides a means of utilizing the juices of many fruits and various kinds of cereals as well as of starchy vegetables. However, no successful attempt has been made to utilize the glutinous rice powder, which is discussed from the Mi Gwa (made of glutinous rice) making, for the manufacture of vinegar. After alcoholic fermentation of the glutinous rice power, it was devided to ferment the liquor to vinegar and to examine factors affecting this fermentation. A laboratory typed vinegar generator was used to convert the alcohol in fermented liquor to acetic acid. Recycling of the fermented liquor through the generator was found essential in this process. Among many strains of Acetobacter cultures used, which was selected from ordinary home made vinegar from all over the Korea, Acetobacter No. Aa-97 proved more efficient for this fermentation. Addition of 1％ phosphate (K$_2$HPO$_4$) and 20％ apple cider vinegar. to the fermented liquor increased both the rate and efficiency of acetic acid fermentation.