• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.729-733
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• 1995

This study was carried out to determine the effect of renal ischemia on renal function and excretion of amino acid in rabbit. The animal models of renal ischemia induced experimentally by clamping the renal artery for different lengths of time. These results were summarized as follows: 1. Ischemia for 30 or 60 min produced a polyuria which is accompanied by an increase in $Na^+$ excretion. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and p-aminohippurate plasma($C_{PAH}$) were not altered by 30 min of ischemia, indicating that transient ischemia results in a marked tubular dysfuction before a reduction in GFR or renal blood flow. 2. Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids such as alanine and lysine was markedly reduced after 30 min of ischemia, and the effect was more pronounced after 60 min of ischemia.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.526-535
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• 1988

To estimate the effect of preventing the Maillard reaction between casein and glucose coated by freeze drying with corn starch slurry or mixture slurry of corn starch and sucrose, the reactants were treated into five groups of nonbrowning material(control), uncoated browning material, browning material coated casein alone with starch slurry, browning material coated both of reactants with starch slurry and browning material coated both of reactants with mixtrue slurry. All samples had a moisture content of about 15%. Browning reaction was carried out by storage for 30 days at $37^{\circ}C$, 67% RH. In vitro available lysine contents were decreased by the browning regardless of coating the reactants and were higher about 20.5% in the browning materials coated with mixture slurry than in the uncoated browning materials. Fructosyl-lysine contents were increased about tenfold by the browning regardless of coating and were decreased about 15.8% in the browning materials coated with mixture slurry as compare with the uncoated browning materials. The materials showing the greatest resistance to the browning reaction in the coated materials were those in which both of reactants were coated with the mixture slurry of corn starch and sucrose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.301-304
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• 1985

Changes of free amino acids and free sugars in steamed and roasted green tea were determined after heat treatment at $110^{\circ}C$. Sixteen kinds of free amino acids and four kinds of free sugar were analyzed by HPLC. Free amino acids isolated were aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine and arginine. Free sugars were sucrose, glucose, fructose, and raffinose. After the heat treatment, free amino acids and free sugars were decreased considerably.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1174-1179
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• 2006

The wild-type Corynebacterium glutamicum ATIC 13032 and Corynebacterium glutamicum ATTC 13032 lysC S301Y, exhibiting a deregulated aspartokinase, were compared concerning growth, lysine production, and intracellular carbon fluxes. Both strains differ by only one single nucleotide over the whole genome. In comparison to the wild-type, the mutant showed significant production of lysine with a molar yield of 0.087 mol (mol glucose$^{-1}$) whereas the biomass yield was reduced. The deregulation of aspartokinase further led to a global rearrangement of carbon flux throughout the whole central metabolism. This involved an increased flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and an increased flux through anaplerosis. Because of this, the mutant revealed an enhanced supply of NADPH and oxaloacetate required for lysine biosynthesis. Additionally, the lumped flux through phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and malic enzyme, withdrawing oxaloacetate back to the glycolysis and therefore detrimental for lysine production, was increased. The reason for this might be a contribution of malic enzyme to NADPH supply in the mutant in the mutant. The observed complex changes are remarkable, because they are due to the minimum genetic modification possible, the exchange of only one single nucleotide.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.455-462
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• 1995

Arbor Acres broiler chickens (N=288) with an average initial weight of 59.4 g were fed diets varying in protein and lysine (80, 100, 120% of NRC; 100, 120% of NRC, 1984) in order to investigate the effects of supplemental chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, carcass composition, serum traits and in vitro protein synthesis. Six replicates of eight chicks were grouped into one treatment Six chicks were sacrificed from each treatment for carcass analysis, and six additional chicks were chosen and dissected for in vitro culture of liver tissue. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality, carcass composition and serum glucose, HDL/cholesterol ratio, serum triglyceride and serum nonesterified fatty acid appeared to be affected by either the level of dietary crude protein or lysine when supplemented with 200 ppb chromium picolinate (p < 0.05). Retained and secreted proteins in liver acinar cell cultured in vitro were not affected by dietary lysine level but affected by dietary protein level when added with 200 ppb chromium picolinate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 1975

Conditions for submerged culture of Agaricus campestris var. bisporus and the chemical composition of its mycelium were investigated. In shaking culture with TGY basal medium at $27{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, pH tended to increase upon culture period, mycelial growth was the highest on 12th day, with relatively high nitrogen content of 7% and sugar in the medium disappeared almost at the end of culture period. As a nitrogen source, ammonium phosphate (dibasic) gave relatively high mycelial yield and the addition of yeast extract gave rise to better results. As a carbon source, glucose was the best, fructose, maltose, lactose and sucrose gave the same results, and soluble starch was utilized slightly. Mushroom mycelium contained 48% of protein, 8 free amino acids including arginine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine and its protein consisted of most essential amino acids, with relatively high contents of lysine and threonine. Therefore, mushroom mycelium deserves to be a high quality protein food.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 1972

A survey of the free amino acids and free sugars in tomato, watermelon, muskmelon, peach and plum was made by means of amino acid autoanalyzer and thin layer chromatography. The results of the survey are summarized as follows. 1) Fifteen amino acids found in fruit were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, serine, asparagine, lysine, valine, glycine, methionine, histidine, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, proline and arginine, and an unknown was found. 2) Ten kinds of amino acids were detected in tomato, peach and plum, thirteen amine acids in watermelon and muskmelon (edible part), and eleven amino acids in muskmelon (rind). 3) In general, these fruits contained similar amounts of these thirteen amino acids, and although they were not outstandingly high in any one acid they did contain a nutritionally well-balanced mixture. 4) Amino acids found in the greatest amount in fruit were following: glutamic acid and aspartic acid in tomato, asparagine and lysine in watermelon, alanine, serine and aspartic acid in musk-melon, and aspartic acid and serine in peach and plum. 5) Glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose were detected in all fruit. The contents of glucose and fructose were high, and those of sucrose and maltose were low.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2013

An emzymatic bioanode for a glucose/oxygen biofuel cell was prepared by the sequential coating of carbon nanotube (CNT), charge transfer complex (CTC) based on tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), glucose oxidase (GOx), and polyion complex (mixture of poly-L-lysine hydrobromide and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)) on a glassy carbon electrode. A biocathode was also prepared by the sequential coating of CNT, bilirubin oxidase (BOD), 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and polyion complex. The effect of CNT and CTC on the electrochemical performance was investigated. The biofuel cell exhibited a promising performance with maximum power densities of 3.6, 10.1, and $46.5{\mu}W/cm^2$ at 5, 20, and 200 mM of glucose concentration, respectively. The result indicates that the biofuel cell architecture prepared in this study can be used in the development of biofuel cells and biosensors.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 1980

Reaction conditions in the amino-carbonyl reaction, and the effect of amino acids on the reactivity of amino-carbonyl reaction were investigated. Results obtained are as follows : 1. When the pH of the reaction mixture was increased above the isoelectric point of an amino acid, a significant increase in the color intensity was observed. 2. The color intensity increased gradually up to 1 : 1 of the molar ratio of reactants. This result was interpreted to show that sugar and free amino group combined in 1 : 1 ratio. 3. Amino-carbonyl reaction showed a significant time and temperature-dependences. The activation energy at 0.2 M glucose and 0.2 M glycine system was 37.5 Kcal/mole. 4. Among amino acids tested, glycine, lysine and $\beta$-alanine caused a significant increase in the color intensity, but acidic amino acids showed the least color intensity. The latter was interpreted to show that one of carboxyl groups of acidic amino acid has an inhibiting effect on the reactivity of the amino group. 5. The color intensity of sugars tested was in the order of xylose>arabibose>fructose>glucose>maltose>lactose.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 1972

Over 90 of lysine producing auxotrophs were obtained from Corynebacterium sp. S-27-12, Brevibacterium flavum ATCC 15168 and Micrococcus glutamicus ATCC 13032 by UV light, $Co^{60}$ irradiation and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment. One of the mutant, Brev. flavum U46-N59, was identified as a leucine auxotroph and accumulated lysine during flask (500 ml) cultivation (180 strokes/min.) up to 21.6 mg per ml of broth at pH 7.5 and $28^{\circ}C$ after 4 days. The medium consisted of glucose, 100; urea, 10; corn steep liquor, 40; $KH_2PO_4,\;2;\;K_2HPO_4,\;0.5;\; MgSO_4.\;7H_2O,\;0.4;\;antifoam\;S-57,\;1g;\;Fe_2(SO_4)_3.XH-2O,\;10;\; MnCl_2,\;4H_2O,\;10mg;\;biotin,\;30;\;thiamine-HCl,\;100{\mu}g$in 1l of distilled water, and 40 U/ml of penicillin was added after 36 hrs fermentation.