• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.689-694
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• 2003

Propolis obtained from honeybee hives has been used in oriental folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, or immunomodulatory agent. To prepare granule depending on operational parameters, such as glucose content to total sugar (X$_1$, 0~100%), ethanol concentration (X$_2$, 20~100%) and sprayed ethanol solution content (X$_3$, 6~10%) using propolis, response surface methodology was applied to monitor the changes in yield, fragmentation rate by shaking and organoleptic properties. Yield showed high with decreasing sprayed ethanol solution content and fragmentation rate by shaking decreased with increasing sprayed ethanol solution content. The organoleptic color, flavor, taste, mouth-feel and overall palatability were dependent on the glucose content to total sugar, ethanol concentration and sprayed ethanol solution content. Overall palatability was maximized in glucose content to total sugar 47.94%, ethanol concentration 56.45% and sprayed ethanol solution content 8.04% .

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2011

Exercise training (ET) and selenium (SEL) were evaluated either individually or in combination (COMBI) for their effects on expression of glucose (AMPK, PGC- $1{\alpha}$, GLUT-4) and lactate metabolic proteins (LDH, MCT-1, MCT-4, COX-IV) in heart and skeletal muscles in a rodent model (Goto-Kakisaki, GK) of diabetes. Forty GK rats either remained sedentary (SED), performed ET, received SEL, ($5\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}kg$ body $wt^{-1}{\cdot}day^{-1}$) or underwent both ET and SEL treatment for 6 wk. ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI resulted in a significant lowering of lactate, glucose, and insulin levels as well as a reduction in HOMA-IR and AUC for glucose relative to SED. Additionally, ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI increased glycogen content and citrate synthase (CS) activities in liver and muscles. However, their effects on glycogen content and CS activity were tissue-specific. In particular, ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI induced upregulation of glucose (AMPK, PGC-la, GLUT-4) and lactate (LDH, MCT-1, MCT-4, COX-IV) metabolic proteins relative to SED. However, their effects on glucose and lactate metabolic proteins also appeared to be tissue-specific. It seemed that glucose and lactate metabolic protein expression was not further enhanced with COMBI compared to that of ET alone or SEL alone. These data suggest that ET alone or SEL alone or COMBI represent a practical strategy for ameliorating aberrant expression of glucose and lactate metabolic proteins in diabetic GK rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2013

Previous studies have shown that Aloe QDM complex, which is consisted of chromium (Cr), aloesin (ALS) and processed Aloe vera gel (PAG), exert antidiabetic activity in a high fat diet-induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes. In this study we examined the mechanism of the antidiabetic activity of the Aloe QDM complex. Rat myoblast cell line L6 cells were cultured in the presence of Cr, ALS, and PAG alone and in combinations, and then the capability of the cells to uptake glucose was examined using radiolabeled glucose. All of the 3 agents, Cr, ALS and PAG, exerted glucose uptake-enhancing activity in L6 cells. The most potent capability to uptake glucose was observed when L6 cells were cultured with the Aloe QDM complex. The activity of the Aloe QDM complex to enhance glucose uptake was prominent in conditions where existing insulin concentrations are low. We also examined the effects of the Aloe QDM complex on the plasma membrane expression of GLUT4 in L6 cells. The Aloe QDM complex increased the content of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane, while decreasing the content of GLUT4 in the light microsome. Taken together, these results show that the antidiabetic activity of the Aloe QDM complex is at least in part due to the stimulation of glucose uptake into the muscle cells, and this activity of the Aloe QDM complex is mediated through the enhancement of the translocation of GLUT4 into the plasma membrane.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.169-172
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• 1985

The assimilability of glucose and xylose of Rhodopseudomonas K-7, whose hydrogen evolution has been characterized previously, was investigated under the anaerobic photosynthetic and the aerobic dark conditions. This organism is able to grow well in the medium containing glutamate and malate as organic substances under the anaerobic light condition. However, the substitution of glucose for malate retarded the growth rate, while the addition of glucose to the seed culture remarkably promoted the utilization of glucose added in the main culture. Optimal glucose concentration in the seed culture to induce glucose assimilability of the organism was around the concentration of 60 mM of glucose. Then, the seed culture grown in the medium containing 60 mM of glucose were inoculated in the medium containing 10, 20, 30, 60 and 100 mM of glucose respectively. The results were revealed that the consumable content of glucose was limited even though the high concentrations of glucose was contained in the medium. The consumption of considerable amount of glucose was observed when cultured under the aerobic dark conditions than the anaerobic illuminated conditions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 1985

The sugers and free amino acids of honey(Western and Domestic honey) and the changes of diastase activity during storage at various temperatures and HMF were studied. The average content of sugers in the western honey was 40.20% of fructose, 32.43% of glucose and 1.0% of sucrose. The average ratio of fructose to glucose was 1.24. In the case of the domestic honey, average content of sugers was 37.37% of fructose, 31.92% of glucose and 0.74% of sucrose and the average ratio of fructose to glucose was 1.19. Of the 16 amino acids detected, proline was the most predominant free amino acid in all of the honey studied, representing 39.59 to 46.86% of total free amino acids. Diastase activity of honey during the storage at $50^{\circ}C$ was rapidly decreased, but it was notably changed during storage at low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) and room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$). The accumlated content of HMF were 0.12 to 0.47mg% during storage at 80 days at $20^{\circ}C$ and 5.35 to 8.71mg% after 3 weeks storage at $50^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1041-1046
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the changes and composition of the non-cellulosic neutral sugars in cell wall of soybean sprouts during growth. The composition of non-cellulosic neutral sugars in cell of soybean sprouts was rhamnose, fucose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose and glucose. The galactose content of cell wall was higher than other non-cellulosic neutral sugars, and was remarkably decreased during growth. The major non-cellulosic sugars of pectic substances were rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose. The arabinose content of pectic substance was increased in cotyledon and hypocotyl during growth. The contents of non-cellulosic neutral sugars were decreased in hypocotyl during growth. The galactose content of pectic substance was higher in cotyledon than those in hypocotyl, and was increased in cotyledon. The content of rhamnose was higher in ionically associated pectic substance than that in covalently bounded pectic substance. The major non-cellulosic neutral sugars of hemicellulose were glucose, rhamnose, arabinose and galactose. The galactose of hemicellulose was decreased remarkably during growth.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2002

Soybean curd residue (SCR) was fermented by lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LS and Entercoccus faecium LL, isolated from SCR. The pH, titratable acidify and viable cell counts were determined from the fermented SCR to evaluate the lactic acid production and growth of lactic acid bacteria. Optimal amounts of pretense enzyme and glucose, and ideal fermentation time for SCR fermentation were estimated by response surface methodology (RSM). Raw SCR fermented by indigenous microorganisms had 0.78 % titratable acidity, The acid production in SCR fermented by L. rhamnosus LS was greatly enhanced by the addition of glucose and lactose. However only glucose increased acid production by Ent. faecium LL. The proof test of SCR fermentation demonstrated that similar results for titratable acidity, tyrosine content and viable cell counts to that predicted could be obtained by the at optimized fermentation conditions. In the presence of 0.029 % (w/w) pretense enzyme and 0.9% (w/w) glucose, the SCR fermented by Ent. faecium LL showed 1.07% (w/v) of titratable acidity, 1.02 mg% tyrosine content and 2$\times$10$^{9}$ (cfu/g) of viable cell counts. With the SCR fortified with 0.033% pretense enzyme and 1.7% glucose, L. rhamnosus LS showed 1.8% (w/v) of titratable acidity, 0.92 mg% of tyrosine content and 2$\times$10$^{9}$ (cfu/g) of viable cell counts.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2004

The effect of hemicellulose extracted from Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodes) on the level of blood sugar and cholesterol in the diabetes-induced rat by streptozotocin(STZ) was investigated. The yield of hemicellulose by extraction process of 5% salt extraction, preparation of alcohol insoluble substance, IN KOH extraction, acid precipitation(pH 3.0), and dialysis was 9.24%. The experimental plots divided to 1% cellulose group(control), 0.5% hemicellulose group(H-l) and 1% hemicellulose group(H-2). The groups were fed for 6 weeks, then continuously fed for 1 week after induction of diabetes by STZ. Feed intakes, weight gain and feed efficiency of the each groups were not significantly different, while water intakes and liver weight of H-2 group were lower than those of control and H-l group. Weight of liver in the H-2 group was significantly lower than those of control and H-l groups. The amounts of feces were 0.32 g/day in the control group, 0.43∼0.44 g/day in the H-l and H-2 groups, while the amounts of urine were 15.28 mL/day in the control group, 10.83∼11.20 mL/day in the H-l and H-2 groups. The content of blood glucose before diabetes induction(fed for 3∼5 weeks) was 111.2-132.6 mg/dL in the control group, not significantly different from others; After diabetes induction, however, the contents were 212.8 mg/dL in the control group, 140.0-144.0 mg/dL in the H-l and H-2 groups, which showed significant difference. Urine glucose contents of H-2 group before and after diabetes induction were lower than those of control and H-l groups. There was no significant difference in the content of neutral lipid between each groups. Total cholesterol contents were 101.6 mg/dL in the control group, 56.∼64.0 mg/dL in the hemicellulose groups. HDL-cholesterol content and atherogenic index of hemicellulose groups were lower than those of control group, respectively. In conclusion, the hemicellulose extracted from Shiitake mushroom represented improving and preventing effects for diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 1987

The sugar contents of Dolwoe, which were prepared in the laboratory and marketed Korean products of Dolwoe, Japanese product of Dolwoe and Korean-roasted products of Dolwoe were analyzed and compared. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar of stem in prepared Dolwoe tea were 2 times higher than those of leaf. The sugar content of Korean product was similar to that of Japanese, but the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in Korean-roasted sample decreased to 17.2% and 40.9%, respectively. It was confirmed that free sugar in Dolwoe tea was composed of rhamnose, fructose, glucose and sucrose. The ratio of free sugar content was quite different between Dolwoe-leaf tea and Dolwoe-stem tea. Comparing the free sugar content in prepared Dolwoe tea, glucose was the highest followed by fructose, sucrose and rhamnose. On the other hand, in marketed Dolwoe tea, glucose was the highest substance and followed by fructose, rhamnose and sucrose. It was found that rhamnose content in Japanese product was approximately 6 times more than that of Korean.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary fiber content of rice on the postprandial serum glucose and insulin responses in normal subject. Two rice varieties, Ilpum and Suwon 464 which are different in dietary fiber content, were cooked in pressure cooker and used for the test. The rice with a higher dietary fiber content gave a significantly lower glucose level (p<0.01) and insulin level (p<0.05) than did the normal rice variety. After a meal, the 60-min glucose levels of Suwon 464 and Ilpum were 90.3${\pm}$4.8mg/dl and 111.6${\pm}$2.7mg/dl, respectively. The glycemic index (GI) of Suwon 464 shows 64.5%, which was apparently lower than that of Ilpum. These results indicate that Suwon 464 high in dietary fiber can be useful in low-GI diets.