• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2011

Inadequate food handling and poor hand hygiene playa major role in the occurrence of foodborne diseases. The objective of this study was to find out if the level of microbial contamination on the hands of food preparers varies by time during their working period. This study focused on the contamination of aerobic plate count, total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Sampling from left hand and right hand of twenty food preparers was done with glove-juice method at every two hours during their work. Microbiological testing was conducted according to the Food Code of Korea. The microbiological load on the hands was changed over time. Samples taken from their hands before work and at 8 hours showed higher levels of bacteria than those taken at 2, 4, and 6 hours during work and/or after work (p < 0.05). The contamination levels of microorganisms were consistently higher in right hand than in left hand. Poor hand hygiene practices were indicated by the positive results for total and fecal coli forms, E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. on the hands of some food preparers. This study indicates food preparers' hands can be a vehicle of pathogen during their work. The results of this study emphasize the importance of hand hygiene education and training targeting the food preparers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.210-214
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• 2009

This study identified microbial risk factors in agricultural products processing center (APC) through the microbial hazard analysis to introduce good agricultural practices (GAP) system in APCs. Samples were collected from surroundings (basket, tray loader, weighing cup, collector, box) and workers by swabbing (glove and cloth) and glove juice method (hand) to enumerate total bacteria, coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. The levels of total bacterial and coliform populations recovered from surroundings were 2.4-5.7 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ and 2.3-5.7 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ or hand for surroundings, and workers, respectively samples were 2.3-5.7 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ or hand. Escherichia coli populations were determined to be below detection limit. S. aureus and Salmonella populations recovered from surroundings were 3.0-4.4 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ and close to detection limit, respectively. Corresponding bacterial populations to worker's samples were 2.8-5.2 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ or hand (S. aureus) and below detection limit (Salmonella). Bacterial populations of APC certified facilities were similar (p${\geq}$0.05) with those of uncertified facilities. These results showed that this study should be useful in development of GAP models to improve microbial safety in APCs.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2013

Chalcopyrite material $CuInSe_2$ (CIS) is known to be a very prominent absorber layer for high efficiency thin film solar cells. Current interest in the photovoltaic industry is to identify and develop more suitable materials and processes for the fabrication of efficient and cost-effective solar cells. Various processes have been being tried for making a low cost CIS absorber layer, this study obtained the CIS nanoparticles using commercial powder of 6 mm pieces for low cost CIS absorber layer by high frequency ball milling and cryogenic milling. And the CIS absorber layer was prepared by paste coating using milled-CIS nanoparticles in glove box under inert atmosphere. The chalcopyrite $CuInSe_2$ thin films were successfully made after selenization at the substrate temperature of $550^{\circ}C$ in 30 min, CIS solar cell of Al/ZnO/CdS/CIS/Mo structure prepared under various deposition process such as evaporation, sputtering and chemical vapor deposition respectively. Finally, we achieved CIS nanoparticles solar cell of electric efficient 1.74 % of Voc 29 mV, Jsc 35 $mA/cm^2$ FF 17.2 %. The CIS nanoparticles-based absorber layers were characterized by using EDS, XRD and HRSEM.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate the microbial contamination level of meat processing in butcher's shops in Seoul from January to November in 2010. A total of 695 samples (112 cotton work gloves, 342 utensils and equipments, 241 meat samples) were collected and the environmental hygiene of 89 butcher's shops was investigated. The aerobic plate count (APC), E. coli and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. were tested in the samples. As a result, the level of count on APC ranged $0{\sim}2.2{\times}10^6\;CFU/cm^2$ from the utensils & equipments, $1{\times}10^2{\sim}2.7{\times}10^8$ CFU/glove from the cotton work gloves and $1{\times}10^2{\sim}9.3{\times}10^6$ CFU/g from the meat samples. The level of count on E. coli ranged $0{\sim}2.5{\times}10^3\;CFU/cm^2$ from the utensils, $0{\sim}8.6{\times}10^4$ CFU/glove from the cotton work gloves and $0{\sim}1.4{\times}10^5$ CFU/g from the meat samples, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. were detected in 11 samples and 2 samples from the cotton work gloves, utensils & equipments, respectively. The sanitation standard operating procedure (SSOP) was applicated at 49 butcher's shops. In order to improve sanitation of meat in butcher's shops, in this study, applications of SSOP, systemic sanitation education for employees, hygenic control of utensils & equipments, and continuous monitoring for microorganisms will be required.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.264-270
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• 2012

The effect of pectinase on wine production and quality during wine fermentation was investigated in an experiment a laboratory scale (2 kg grape/5 L tank). Experimental results show that the enzyme-treated sample displayed a 13% higher rate of grape juice production compared to control (enzyme-untreated). In the case of color analysis, the addition of pectinase improved the color quality of wine in terms of both color intensity and hue values. The results show that pectinase enhanced both dark-red color and clarity of wine during the fermentation period. Further, the methanol concentration of the wine sample treated with pectinase reached 225.32 mg/L (control: 100.72 mg/L) due to hydrolysis of pectin. Sensory analysis after fermentation showed that pectinase significantly increased the color, smell, taste, and touch intensity scores of wines compared to control.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.71-91
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• 2010

ADR is alternative dispute resolution that includes mediation, adjudication, arbitration, conciliation and ombudsman schemes. ADR may be an alternative to going to court or to a tribunal. The main types of ADR are conciliation, arbitration or mediation and ADR is divided into national leading ADR and private lading ADR and national leading ADR includes court-annexed ADR and administrative ADR. Court-annexed ADR has become a well established feature of the judicial systems on a global basis. The bulk of court-annexed ADR in Glove is by way of mediation. Thus each nation takes part in ADR by court involvement and Enactment of ADR-related Laws. And the involvement of nations have both the regulative character and promotive character in ADR. In addition to the national leading ADR, the private leading ADR also must be activated as United Kingdom. Thus this paper deals with national leading ADR and private leading ADR and the purpose of this paper is to contribute to the activation of ADR by studying the promotion and limited the involvement of nation in ADR and private leading ADR in United Kingdom.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.187-193
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the immediate effect of wrist joint mobilization with taping on the range of motion, grip strength, and spasticity. Methods: Thirty stroke patients were randomly divided into two groups: the joint mobilization with taping group (n=15) and a taping group (n=15). For measurement of spasticity and joint range of motion, the modified Tardieu scale, active and passive range of motion of wrist flexion, as well as extension were measured by the Rapael smart glove, and for grip strength measurement, grip dynamometer was performed. Results: The experimental group showed a significant improvement in the range of motion, grip strength, and spasticity after 10 minutes of taping (p<0.05), no significant difference was found in the control group (p>0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The study found that wrist joint mobilization with taping has an immediate effect on wrist range of motion, grip strength, and spasticity in stroke patients, whereas it was not effective in the control group with just taping. The long-term change still needs to be evaluated, when taking into consideration of the carryover effect.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.768-775
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• 2005

For sign languages are main communication means among hearing-impaired people, there are communication difficulties between speaking-oriented people and sign-language-oriented people. Automated sign-language recognition may resolve these communication problems. In sign languages, finger spelling is used to spell names and words that are not listed in the dictionary. There have been research activities for gesture and posture recognition using glove-based devices. However, these devices are often expensive, cumbersome, and inadequate for recognizing elaborate finger spelling. Use of colored patches or gloves also cause uneasiness. In this paper, a vision-based finger spelling recognition system is introduced. In our method, captured hand region images were separated from the background using a skin detection algorithm assuming that there are no skin-colored objects in the background. Then, hand postures were recognized using a two-dimensional grid analysis method. Our recognition system is not sensitive to the size or the rotation of the input posture images. By optimizing the weights of the posture features using a genetic algorithm, our system achieved high accuracy that matches other systems using devices or colored gloves. We applied our posture recognition system for detecting Korean Sign Language, achieving better than $93\%$ accuracy.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1393-1402
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• 2013

Hand gesture is one of the most popular communication methods in everyday life. In human-computer interaction applications, hand gesture recognition provides a natural way of communication between humans and computers. There are mainly two methods of hand gesture recognition: glove-based method and vision-based method. In this paper, we propose a vision-based hand gesture recognition method using Kinect. By using the depth information is efficient and robust to achieve the hand detection process. The finger labeling makes the system achieve pose classification according to the finger name and the relationship between each fingers. It also make the classification more effective and accutate. Two kinds of gesture sets can be recognized by our system. According to the experiment, the average accuracy of American Sign Language(ASL) number gesture set is 94.33%, and that of general gestures set is 95.01%. Since our system runs in real-time and has a high recognition rate, we can embed it into various applications.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.661-666
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• 2007

최근들어 제품을 개발하는 과정 중, 디자이너와 개발자, 의사 결정권자들이 FEM, CFD 시뮬레이션 결과를 리뷰할 때에 가상현실기술을 도입하는 사례가 늘고 있다. 몰입감을 높여주는 가상현실환경은 모델에 대한 해석 결과물을 정확하고 효과적으로 분석할 수 있도록 돕는다. 데이터의 실제 크기와 같게 혹은 그보다 더 크고 자세한 이미지를 제공하는 가상현실 몰입환경은 사용자가 데스크탑 환경만을 사용할 때 경험할 수 없는 높은 사실감을 제공함으로써 사용자에게 시각적인 만족감을 줄 수 있다. 하지만 데스크탑 환경에 비해 해상도가 낮고, 어두운 곳에서 스테레오 안경이나 HMD(Head Mounted Display), Data glove등을 착용해야 하는 불편함과 멀미, 시각적인 피로, 방향감각 상실로 대표되는 가상멀미 등으로 인해 장시간 사용에 어려움이 있다. 데스트탑 환경에서의 데이터 리뷰는 고해상도 이미지 분석은 가능하지만, 입체감이 떨어지기 때문에 리뷰 데이터의 실제감이 떨어진다. 이와 같은 문제점들을 보완하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 데스크탑 환경과 가상현실 환경 간의 협업이 가능한 FEM/CFD 가시화 시스템을 제시한다. 본 시스템은 가상현실 몰입환경에서 해석 데이터를 단순히 가시화하는 것뿐만이 아니라, 데스크탑 시스템과 동일한 3D 인터페이스 구조를 제공한다. 따라서, 해석 결과 분석을 위한 동일한 post-processing 작업이 네트워크로 연결된 원격 공간의 사용자들이 사용하는 시스템들 사이에서 실시간으로 진행될 수 있다.