• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 2013

The objective of this research is to evaluate of global and local damage for steel-concrete composite structures under highway bridge exposed to fire loading. To enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the numerical analysis, the proposed transient nonlinear thermal structure interaction(TSI) parallel fire analysis method is implemented in ANSYS. To validate the TSI parallel fire analysis method, a comparison is made with the standard fire test results. The proposed TSI parallel fire analysis method is applied to fire damage analysis and performance evaluation for Buchen highway bridge. The result of analysis, temperature of low flange and web are exceed the critical temperature. The deflection and deformation state show good agreement with the fire accident of buchen highway bridge.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.75-94
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the domain on the field of Electrical Engineering in Korea by the author bibliographic coupling analysis. The data set contains a total of 2,157 articles from two core journals with 23,411 citation data from 2005 to 2009 published in two prestigious journals. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, MDS analysis, clustering analysis and network analysis were used to examine core subject areas. In addition, the centrality analysis in the weighted networks was used to explore the key authors in this field such as the top global centrality authors and the top local centrality authors. The findings of this study can be utilized to guide the current research trend and author network for collection development and information services in the field of Electrical Engineering.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.47-57
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• 2013

This study aims at analyzing transportation equity between geographical areas of Gyonggi Province, by taking both the transportation infrastructure and travel behavior into account. Indicators of transportation infrastructure include the indices of road infrastructure, transit infrastructure and regional characteristics. Travel behavior concerns information from bus card data on a survey day. The hot-spot analysis conducted included spatial cluster analysis and global/local regression analyses. The analysis results identified geographical areas of four different classes of transportation equity, from the area with high level infrastructure surrounded by the areas with high level infrastructure (HH) to the area with low level surrounded by the areas with low level (LL). The area of HH type showed big numbers of passengers, trips and transfers, whereas the area of LL type shows big figures of internal trip frequency, travel time, travel distance, travel speed and transit fare. Global regression analysis showed that number of passengers, number of transfers, number of internal trips and mean travel speed are important to the level of transportation infrastructure. GWR with these four significant variables significantly improved the AICs and ANOVA results, which implies that the infrastructure is likely explained by travel characteristics differently between geographical areas in Gyonggi Province.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

Purpose - The objective of this research is to investigate whether national culture influences consumers' service evaluations. The services industry is receiving increasing attention from academia and practitioners as its position grows in global markets. Standardization or localization is a traditional managerial decision in global business. As the boundaries of services expand across national borders, firms are required to decide whether to standardize services or adjust to local needs. Though it is imperative to reflect global perspectives in marketing theories, these perspectives are mostly based on Western conceptualization of the world. Through a comparison of consumer groups from two culturally remote countries, service quality evaluation mechanisms are examined based on similar stimuli. The study tries to expand service marketing perspectives across national borders. Research design, data, and methodology - Eastern and Western countries are known to be culturally distinct. One Eastern and one Western country were chosen: an Anglo-Saxon country (the U.S., England, and Australia) and South Korea. In Hofstede's cultural dimensions, the differences between the two are pronounced. The Anglo-Saxon based countries share many similarities. Samples of the same sites are targeted. Questionnaires using a service quality scale (SERVQUAL) and a customer satisfaction scale were distributed. Utilizing Hofstede's typology of culture, the service evaluation mechanisms of the respondents from the two groups are evaluated. Three hypotheses are proposed from the review of the literature. These are service evaluation habits, importance of service quality dimensions for the individualistic/collectivistic countries, and strong/weak uncertainty avoidance cultures. Consumers from the individualistic countries are considered to care about themselves and demand a higher level of responsiveness and assurance. On the other hand, consumers from high uncertainty avoidance cultures are assumed to rely more on tangible questions of service quality, as these are the only predictable service quality indicators. A t-test and regression analysis are applied to validate the constructs. Results - The respondents from the Anglo-Saxon countries are more generous on service evaluations than Koreans. Researchers have indicated that Americans tend to give higher service evolution scores than European, Mexican, and Korean counterparts. The tendency is the same here. The sample from Anglo-Saxon countries demonstrated higher service evaluation scores on every dimension of SERVQUAL. For the second hypothesis, the respondents from the collectivistic culture rely less on core service dimensions (assurance and responsiveness) due to their tendency to place more value on group harmony than individual interest. However, the third hypothesis was not validated. Conclusions - The study attempted to expand the scope of service marketing to reflect cross-national perspectives. Service quality is known to have a strong influence on customer satisfaction and loyalty behavior. However, this research demonstrated that individuals from different cultural territories respond heterogeneously to the same stimuli. Scholars argue that national cultures are main factors in such deviated behavior. Scholars and global managers should be aware of differences in consumer value judgment mechanisms such as satisfaction, expectations, and perceptions.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2012

Franchise system in Korea has been developed in different way compared with American way of franchising based on mutual contract and intellectual property context. Korean franchising is mostly based on product distribution franchise concept rather than business format franchise in which franchisor makes revenue sources from providing their products as much as possible thru group purchasing and logistics rather than receiving royalty. Many franchise enterprises from Korea drive to enter into global franchise market based on the successful performance of Korean way of franchising. Korean enterprises are required to prepare completely for research and survey regarding local culture, custom, way of life and legal matters etc. when entering into global franchise market to gain a substantial performance. CaffeBene recently entered into American franchise business with success, and many other Korean franchise enterprises have a deep interest in proceeding with global franchise business modeling CaffeBene case. There is no Korean franchise enterprise in United Kingdom in which service franchise area in particular with personal service is considered to become a promising and potential franchise business and many people show a great interest in Oriental foods and beverages with well-being trend. Korean franchise enterprises have now access to United Kingdom easier because IT industry including internet of the country have been developed by leaps and bounds since London Olympic in 2012. The purpose of this study is to suggest key success factors and basic strategy such as situation analysis, selecting business format, and marketing strategy for successful launching of franchise business in United Kingdom.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.599-615
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• 2016

This study investigates the accuracy of short-term ocean predictions during the development of ocean stratification for the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Global Seasonal Forecast System version 5 (GloSea5) as well as the effect of atmosphere-ocean coupling on the predictions through a series of sensitive numerical experiments. Model performance is evaluated using the marine meteorological buoys at seas around the Korean peninsular (KP), Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project (TAO) buoys over the tropical Pacific ocean, and ARGO floats data over the western North Pacific for boreal winter (February) and spring (May). Sensitive experiments are conducted using an ocean-atmosphere coupled model (i.e., GloSea5) and an uncoupled ocean model (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean, NEMO) and their results are compared. The verification results revealed an overall good performance for the SST predictions over the tropical Pacific ocean and near the Korean marginal seas, in which the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) were $0.31{\sim}0.45^{\circ}C$ and $0.74{\sim}1.11^{\circ}C$ respectively, except oceanic front regions with large spatial and temporal SST variations (the maximum error reached up to $3^{\circ}C$). The sensitive numerical experiments showed that GloSea5 outperformed NEMO over the tropical Pacific in terms of bias and RMSE analysis, while NEMO outperformed GloSea5 near the KP regions. These results suggest that the atmosphere-ocean coupling substantially influences the short-term ocean forecast over the tropical Pacific, while other factors such as atmospheric forcing and the accuracy of simulated local current are more important than the coupling effect for the KP regions being far from tropics during the development of ocean stratification.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1004-1009
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• 2004

Precise time synchronization is a main technology in high-speed communications, parallel and distributed processing systems, Internet information industry and electronic commerce. Synchronized clocks are useful for many leasers. Often a distributed system is designed to realize some synchronized behavior, especially in real-time processing in factories, aircraft, space vehicles, and military applications. Nowadays, time synchronization has been compulsory thing as distributed processing and network operations are generalized. A network time server obtains, keeps accurate and precise time by synchronizing its local clock to standard reference time source and distributes time information through standard time synchronization protocol. This paper describes design issues and implementation of a network time server for time synchronization especially based on a clock model. The system uses GPS (Global Positioning System) as a standard reference time source and offers UTC (universal Time coordinated) through NTP (Network Time protocol). Implementation result and performance analysis are also presented.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.529-541
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• 2015

Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction System (KIAPS) has been developing a global numerial prediction model and data assimilation system. We has implemented LETKF (Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter, Hunt et al., 2007) data assimilation system to NCAR CAM-SE (National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model with Spectral Element dynamical core, Dennis et al., 2012) that has cubed-sphere grid, known as the same grid system of KIAPS Integrated Model (KIM) now developing. In this study, we have assimilated Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPS-RO) bending angle measurements in addition to conventional data within ensemble-based data assimilation system. Before assimilating bending angle data, we performed a vertical unit conversion. The information of vertical localization for GPS-RO data is given by the unit of meter, but the vertical localization method in the LETKF system is based on pressure unit. Therefore, with a clever conversion of the vertical information, we have conducted experiments to search for the best vertical localization scale on GPS-RO data under the Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs). As a result, we found the optimal setting of vertical localization for the GPS-RO bending angle data assimilation. We plan to apply the selected localization strategy to the LETKF system implemented to KIM which is expected to give better analysis of GPS-RO data assimilation due to much higher model top.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3567-3582
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• 2020

Human activities are often affected by weather conditions. Automatic weather recognition is meaningful to traffic alerting, driving assistance, and intelligent traffic. With the boost of deep learning and AI, deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) are utilized to identify weather situations. In this paper, a three-channel convolutional neural network (3C-CNN) model is proposed on the basis of ResNet50.The model extracts global weather features from the whole image through the ResNet50 branch, and extracts the sky and ground features from the top and bottom regions by two CNN5 branches. Then the global features and the local features are merged by the Concat function. Finally, the weather image is classified by Softmax classifier and the identification result is output. In addition, a medium-scale dataset containing 6,185 outdoor weather images named WeatherDataset-6 is established. 3C-CNN is used to train and test both on the Two-class Weather Images and WeatherDataset-6. The experimental results show that 3C-CNN achieves best on both datasets, with the average recognition accuracy up to 94.35% and 95.81% respectively, which is superior to other classic convolutional neural networks such as AlexNet, VGG16, and ResNet50. It is prospected that our method can also work well for images taken at night with further improvement.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.4025-4029
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• 2015

Background: Gastrointestinal tract cancers are among the most common cancers in Iran and comprise approximately 38% of all the reported cases of cancer. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and to investigate spatial clustering of common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract across the counties of Iran using full Bayesian smoothing and Moran I Index statistics. Materials and Methods: The data of the national registry cancer were used in this study. Besides, indirect standardized rates were calculated for 371 counties of Iranand smoothed using Winbug 1.4 software with a full Bayesian method. Global Moran I and local Moran I were also used to investigate clustering. Results: According to the results, 75,644 new cases of cancer were nationally registered in Iran among which 18,019 cases (23.8%) were esophagus, gastric, colorectal, and liver cancers. The results of Global Moran's I test were 0.60 (P=0.001), 0.47 (P=0.001), 0.29 (P=0.001), and 0.40 (P=0.001) for esophagus, gastric, colorectal, and liver cancers, respectively. This shows clustering of the four studied cancers in Iran at the national level. Conclusions: High level clustering of the cases was seen in northern, northwestern, western, and northeastern areas for esophagus, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Considering liver cancer, high clustering was observed in some counties in central, northeastern, and southern areas.