• 제목/요약/키워드: global trend

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한반도 지역에서의 이산화탄소 변화 경향과 AIRS, GOSAT 위성 자료의 정확도 비교 (Comparison of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration Trend and Accuracy from GOSAT and AIRS data over the Korean Peninsula)

  • 이상희;김준;조희구;구태영;오미림;이종호
    • 대한원격탐사학회지
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.549-560
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    • 2015
  • 지구 온난화와 기후 시스템에 가장 강력한 영향을 미치는 인자 중 하나인 대기 중 이산화탄소 농도 변화를 지속적으로 모니터링하는 것은 중요하며, 현재 지상 관측과 더불어 위성을 통한 모니터링이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 동북아시아 지역 중에서도 1999년부터 주요 대기질 관측소로 운영되어 온 안면도와 고산에서의 대기 중 이산화탄소 농도 변화에 대한 경향성을 전구 월별 평균 값과 비교해 보았으며, 이를 대표적인 온실 기체 관측 위성인 Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT)과 Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)에서 산출되는 값을 안면도와 고산 관측소의 농도 값과 비교하였다. 1999년 1월 대기 중 평균 농도가 371.87 ppm이었던 안면도에서의 이산화탄소 농도는 2013년 12월 405.50 ppm으로 지난 15년간 지속적으로 증가하였다(KMA, 2013). 플라스크 공기 샘플링 방법에 의해 관측된 안면도의 이산화탄소 농도는 같은 기간 전구의 계절 변동성 및 증가 추이가 동일했으나, 동북아시아에서의 이산화탄소 농도의 증가폭이 전구보다 평균 4 ppm 더 높게 나타났다. GOSAT과 AIRS에서 산출된 이산화탄소는 안면도 관측소의 지상 농도와 비교되었으며, 이를 통해 두 위성 자료들의 정확도가 비교하고자 하였다. GOSAT과 AIRS 모두 월별 이산화탄소 농도는 지상 관측소인 안면도의 관측 값보다는 낮은 분포 경향을 보였으나, 계절 변동성과 증가 추이는 동일하게 나타났다. GOSAT과 AIRS에서 산출되는 이산화탄소 농도는 위성별 정확도 분석을 위해 두 위성의 관측 기간 중 동일 관측이 수행된 2011년 1월부터 2012년 12월까지의 자료를 비교하였다. GOSAT은 r이 0.947, RMSD가 5.610, bias가 -5.280으로 r이 0.737, RMSD가 8.574, bias가 -7.316으로 나타난 AIRS보다 동북아시아를 대표하는 안면도 관측소에서의 정확도가 더 높게 나타났다.

서울의 최근 자외선 복사의 변화 2004~2010 (Recent Variations of UV Irradiance at Seoul 2004~2010)

  • 김준;박상서;조나영;김우경;조희구
    • 대기
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.429-438
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    • 2011
  • The climatology of surface UV radiation for Seoul, presented in Cho et al. (1998; 2001), has been updated using measurement of surface erythemal ultraviolet (EUV) and total ultraviolet (TUV) irradiance (wavelength 286.5~363.0 nm) by a Brewer Spectrophotometer (MK-IV) for the period 2004~2010. The analysis was also carried out together with the broadband total (global) solar irradiance (TR ; 305~2800 nm) and cloud amount to compare with the UV variations, measured by Seoul meteorological station of Korean Meteorological Agency located near the present study site. Under all-sky conditions, the day-to-day variability of EUV exhibits annual mean of 98% in increase and 31% in decrease. It has been also shown that the EUV variability is 17 times as high as the total ozone in positive change, whereas this is 6 times higher in negative change. Thus, the day to day variability is dominantly caused rather by the daily synoptic situations than by the ozone variability. Annual mean value of daily EUV and TUV shows $1.62kJm^{-2}$ and $0.63MJm^{-2}$ respectively, whereas mean value of TR is $12.4MJm^{-2}$ ($143.1Wm^{-2}$). The yearly maximum in noon-time UV Index (UVI) varies between 9 and 11 depending on time of year. The highest UVI shows 11 on 20 July, 2008 during the period 2004~2010, but for the period 1994~2000, the index of 12 was recorded on 13 July, 1994 (Cho et al., 2001). A 40% of daily maximum UVI belongs to "low (UVI < 2)", whereas the UVI less than 5% of the maximum show "very high (8 < UVI < 10)". On average, the maximum UVI exceeded 8 on 9 days per year. The values of Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) EUV and UVI under cloud-free conditions are 1.8 times and 1.5 times, respectively, higher than the all-sky measurements by the Brewer. The trend analysis in fractional deviation of monthly UV from the reference value shows a decrease of -0.83% and -0.90% $decade^{-1}$ in the EUV and TUV, respectively, whereas the TR trend is near zero (+0.11% $decade^{-1}$). The trend is statistically significant except for TR trend (p = 0.279). It is possible that the recent UV decrease is mainly associated with increase in total ozone, but the trend in TR can be attributed to the other parameters such as clouds except the ozone. Certainly, the cloud effects suggest that the reason for the differences between UV and TR trends can be explained. In order to estimate cloud effects, the EUV, TUV and TR irradiances have been also evaluated for clear skies (cloud cover < 25%) and cloudy skies (cloud cover ${\geq}$ 75%). Annual mean values show that EUV, TUV and TR are $2.15kJm^{-2}$, $0.83MJm^{-2}$, and $17.9MJm^{-2}$ for clear skies, and $1.24kJm^{-2}$, $0.46MJm^{-2}$, and $7.2MJm^{-2}$ for cloudy skies, respectively. As results, the transmission of radiation through clouds under cloudy-sky conditions is observed to be 58%, 55% and 40% for EUV, TUV and TR, respectively. Consequently, it is clear that the cloud effects on EUV and TUV are 18% and 15%, respectively lower than the effects on TR under cloudy-sky conditions. Clouds under all-sky conditions (average of cloud cover is 5 tenths) reduced the EUV and TUV to about 25% of the clear-sky (cloud cover < 25%) values, whereas for TR, this was 31%. As a result, it is noted that the UV radiation is attenuated less than TR by clouds under all weather conditions.

비선형 회귀 모형을 이용한 서울지역 오존의 고농도 현상의 모형화 (Modeling of High Density of Ozone in Seoul Area with Non-Linear Regression)

  • 정수연;최기헌
    • 응용통계연구
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.865-877
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는 서울지역 오존의 기상상태와 추세경향에 따른 고농도 현상을 모수적 방법인 비선형회귀모형(nonlinear regression model)으로 모형화 하였다. 여기서는 1995년부터 1999년까지의 자료로부터 오존과 고농도 현상에 영향을 줄 수 있는 기상상태와 추세경향 등을 순차적으로 추가함으로써 고농도 현상을 예측하는 모형을 추정하였다.

The Emerging Trend of Technological Convergence and Tasks for Science Parks

  • Kang, Byung-Joo;Oh, Deog-Seong
    • World Technopolis Review
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.16-26
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    • 2012
  • Many scientists today say that converged technologies, not specifically dedicated technologies, will be in the vanguard in the $21^{st}$ century. Technological Convergence is the merging of different areas of technology to perform similar tasks. Since we are living in the era of Technological Convergence, it is time for us to think about how to cope with the daily demands we are facing in science parks. Technological Convergence is a mega trend in commercial areas today but, so far, no science parks seem to have tried to reshape their management policies or programs in order to utilize this trend. For the development of science parks we suggest some tasks such as: identify potentials for Technological Convergence, establish a convergent ecosystem by building connections across stove-piped systems, effect a technological convergence platform, and conduct further research for strengthening plans for converging technologies.

미국 청소년 개발사업의 역사적인 변천 과정 및 새로운 패러다임 (The Historical Trend and New Paradigm of Youth Development Sector in USA)

  • 오해섭
    • 농촌지도와개발
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.85-92
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    • 2001
  • As the technology, global economy, and social structures and patterns have rapidly been changing since the 20th century, the forward-thinking leaders in the world begin to realize that they must embrace a new paradigm in management and organizational theories. The new idea of management is focused on equality rather than hierarchical structure, and more responsive to the external environment, more flexible, and better prepared to give customers what they want. From this new paradigm revolution, the nonprofit organizations like youth development organization are trying to approach and implement the new theories and models. This study attempted to introduce the historical trend and a new paradigm of youth development organizational structures and programs in the USA that may help Korea to improve youth organizations and programs. The youth development sector should create healthy, thriving organizations and structures that cultivate staff, programs, partnership between youth and adults, and community.

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Trend of Sea Level Change Along the Coast of Korean Peninsula

  • An Byoung Woong;Kang Hyo Jin
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.803-808
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    • 1999
  • Trend of sea level change has been analysed by using the tidal data gathered at the 12 tide stations along the coast of Korean peninsula. Analysis and prediction of the sea level change were performed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For the period of 20 years from 1976 to 1995, the trend generally shows a rising pattern such as 0.22 cm/yr, 0.29 cm/yr, and 0.59 cm/yr along the eastern, southern, and western coast of Korea, respectively. On the average the sea level around the Korean peninsula seems to be rising at a rate of 0.37 cm/yr. Adopting the average rate to the sea level prediction model proposed by EPA (Titus and Narrayanan, 1995), the sea level may be approximately 50$\~$60 cm higher than the present sea level by the end of the next century.

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가상, 증강현실 콘텐츠의 동향파악을 위한 국내외 선진 현황 분석 (Analysis of Global virtual, augmented reality Contents States)

  • 김정희
    • 한국게임학회 논문지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 2017
  • 본 논문에서는 4차 산업혁명의 트렌드에 맞춰 가상 증강현실의 객관적 발전 현황을 분석, 동향을 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 분석틀은 군터크래스의 분석틀과 교정된 LG 유럽디자인센터의 디지털 분석모듈을 사용, 범위는 디바이스, 개발, 유통 플랫폼, 콘텐츠로 나뉜다. 대상과 목적에 따라 증강현실만, 혹은 가상현실만 선호하는 특이성을 보였으며 아동 교육 분야에서 두드러졌다. 엔터테인먼트성향을 지닌 경우에는 트렌드와 활동성에 가까웠으며 정적으로 갈수록 교육, 정보, 소통의 콘텐츠가 주를 이루었다. 콘텐츠의 주요소에 따라 성향, 소통 방법, 타겟, 연령 그리고 디바이스로 구분되어짐을 알 수 있다. 본 논문은 가상 증강현실 콘텐츠의 기획 단계에서의 기초 자료로 활용되는데 의의가 있다.

Seasonal changes in pan evaporation observed in South Korea and their relationships with reference evapotranspiration

  • Woo, Yin San;Paik, Kyungrock
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.183-183
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    • 2017
  • Pan evaporation (Epan) is an important indicator of water and energy balance. Despite global warming, decreasing annual Epan has been reported across different continents over last decades, which is claimed as pan evaporation paradox. However, such trend is not necessarily found in seasonal data because the level of contributions on Epan vary among meteorological components. This study investigates long-term trend in seasonal pan evaporation from 1908 to 2016 across South Korea. Meteorological variables including air temperature (Tair), wind speed (U), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and solar radiation (Rs) are selected to quantify the effects of individual contributing factor to Epan. We found overall decreasing trend in Epan, which agrees with earlier studies. However, mixed tendencies between seasons due to variation of dominant factor contributing Epan were found. We also evaluated the reference evapotranspiration based on Penman-Monteith method and compared this with Epan to better understand the physics behind the evaporation paradox.

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국내/외 스마트 시티 동향 (Domestic/Global Smart City Trend)

  • 김병희
    • 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보처리학회 2018년도 추계학술발표대회
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    • pp.114-117
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    • 2018
  • 스마트시티는 정보통신기술을 도시공간에 접목하여 도시자원의 효율적 활용을 통해 비용절감, 도시서비스 향상, 삶의 질 제고, 생산성 지속가능성 향상이 기대된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 스마트시티에 대한 국내/외 연구개발 및 정책에 대한 동향을 조사하였다.