• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.446-454
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• 2023

The impact of climate change on agriculture is substantial, especially as global warming is projected to lead to varying temperature and humidity patterns in the future. These changes pose a higher risk for both crops and livestock, exposing them to environmental stressors under altered climatic conditions. Specifically, as temperatures are expected to rise, the risk of heat stress is assessable through the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI), derived from temperature and relative humidity data. This study involved the comparison of THI collected from 10 Korea Meteorological Administration ASOS stations spanning a 60-year period from 1961 to 2020. Moreover, high-resolution temperature and humidity distribution data from 1981 to 2020 were employed to generate high-resolution TH I distributions, analyzing temporal changes. Additionally, the number of days characterized by heat stress, derived from TH I, was compared over different time periods. Generally, TH I showed an upward trend over the past, albeit with varying rates across different locations. As TH I increased, the frequency of heat stress days also rose, indicating potential future cost increases in the livestock industry due to heat-related challenges. The findings emphasize the feasibility of evaluating heat stress risk in livestock using THI and underscore the need for research analyzing THI under future climate change scenarios.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.362-371
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• 2023

Background: PM_2.5 pollution has been a persistent problem in South Korea, with concentrations consistently exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The aging of the population in the country further exacerbates the health impacts of PM_2.5 since older adults are more susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate how the health impact (premature death) due to long-term exposure to PM_2.5 in South Korea could change in the future according to the trend of change in the country's population structure. Methods: The study employs a relative risk function, which accounts for age-specific relative risks, to assess the changes in premature deaths by age and region at the average annual PM_2.5 concentration for 2022 and at PM_2.5 concentration improvement levels. Premature deaths were estimated using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). Results: The findings indicate that the increase in premature deaths resulting from the projected population structure changes up to 2050 would significantly outweigh the health benefits (reduction in premature deaths) compared to 2012. This is primarily attributed to the rising number of premature deaths among the elderly due to population aging. Furthermore, the study suggests that the effectiveness of the current domestic PM_2.5 standard would be halved by 2050 due to the increasing impact of population aging on PM_2.5-related mortality. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of considering trends in population structure when evaluating the health benefits of air pollution reduction measures. By comparing and evaluating the health benefits in reflection of changes in population structure to the predicted PM_2.5 concentration improvements at the provincial level, a more comprehensive assessment of regional air quality management strategies can be achieved.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1477-1482
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• 2023

This study examines marine heat wave (MHW) in the Northeast Asia region from 2012 to 2021, utilizing geostationary satellite Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS)/Meteorological Imager sensor (MI) and GEO-KOMPSAT-2A (GK-2A)/Advanced Meteorological Imager sensor (AMI) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data. Our analysis has identified an increasing trend in the frequency and intensity of MHW events, especially post-2018, with the year 2020 marked by significantly prolonged and intense events. The statistical validation using Optimal Interpolation (OI) SST data and satellite SST data through T-test assessment confirmed a significant rise in sea surface temperatures, suggesting that these changes are a direct consequence of climate change, rather than random variations. The findings revealed in this study serve the necessity for ongoing monitoring and more granular analysis to inform long-term responses to climate change. As the region is characterized by complex topography and diverse climatic conditions, the insights provided by this research are critical for understanding the localized impacts of global climate dynamics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.72-73
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• 2023

As containerized maritime transport began in earnest, the size of container ships has steadily increased, and recently, the operation of 24,000 TEU-class vessels has become regular. However, concerns about the efficiency and productivity of such mega container ships from a port operational perspective have continued to be raised. The 10th Busan International Port Conference requested an in-depth study on the trends of container ship enlargement by analyzing the order status of ultra-large container ships from major global liners. Generally, the factor that drives the upsizing of ships is the realization of economies of scale that lowers transportation costs per TEU, which leads to a higher level of cost reduction per unit transportation compared to the increase in fuel consumption due to transporting large amounts of cargo with a single ship. However, it is necessary to examine whether this trend of container vessel enlargement is feasible for port operations. To this end, this study compares and analyzes the productivity and efficeiency of different ship sizes to evaluate the effect of ship size on port operations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.525-535
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• 2023

In thi study, we unveil the intricate interplay among picophytoplankton (0.2-2 ㎛) communities, warming surface water temperatures, and major inorganic nutrients within the southwestern East Sea from 2003-2022. The observed surface temperature rise, reflecting global climate trends, defies conventional seasonal patterns in temperate seas, with highest temperatures in summer and lowest in spring. Concurrently, concentrations of major dissolved inorganic nutrient display distinct seasonality, with peaks in winter and gradually declining thereafter during spring. The time course of chlorophyll-a concentrations, a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, reveals a typical bimodal pattern for temperate seas. Notably, contributions from picophytoplankton exhibited a steady annual increase of approximately 0.5% over the study period, although the total chlorophyll-a concentrations declined slightly. The strong correlations between picophytoplankton contributions and inorganic nutrient concentrations is noteworthy, highlighting their competitively advantageous responsiveness to the shifting nutrient regime. These findings reflect significant ecological implications for the scientific insights into the marine ecosystem responses to changing climate conditions.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.173-191
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• 2022

The global economic crisis, the trend of an aging society, and the rapid digital transformation are huge burdens and crises for our society. Due to these environmental changes and the economic recession, entrepreneurship and re-employment issues after retirement have emerged as social issues. This study was conducted to empirically analyze what factors affect seniors when they may start a business. In particular, as the fourth industrial revolution progresses, the focus was on the capability to utilize information and communication technology (ICT) and digital media that cannot be avoided. For empirical analysis, an online survey of seniors was conducted and 287 valid samples were analyzed. SPSS 24.0 and Macro Process 4.0 were used for statistical analysis. As a result of the empirical analysis of this study, self-efficacy and personal innovation for information technology acceptance(ICT), and communication capability using digital media had a significantly positive (+) effect on senior's entrepreneurial intention. However, the perceived usefulness of information technology and the capability to utilize digital media devices were not tested for significance. Among the variables that had a significant effect, personal innovation was found to have the greatest effect. Opportunity recognition was found to play a mediating role between self-efficacy, personal innovation, communication capabilities, and senior's entrepreneurial intention. The results of this study are of academic and practical significance in that digital media utilization capability is also an influential factor among various factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention of seniors.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.16 no.1_spc
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• pp.41-49
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• 2024

The advancement of artificial intelligence on a global scale is significantly transforming life. In the field of education, there is a strong emphasis on actively utilizing AI and fostering creatively integrated talents with diverse knowledge. In alignment with this trend, there is a paradigm shift in AI education across primary, middle, high school, as well as university and graduate education. Leading AI schools and specialized high schools are dedicated to enhancing students' AI capabilities, while universities integrate AI into software courses or establish new AI departments to nurture talent. In AI-integrated education graduate programs, national efforts are underway to educate instructors from various disciplines on applying AI technology to the curriculum. In this context, specialized high schools are also restructuring their departments to cultivate technological talent in AI, tailored to students' characteristics and career paths. While the current education focuses primarily on the fundamental concepts and technologies of AI, there is a need to address the aspect of developing practical problem-solving skills. Therefore, this research aims to compare and analyze essential educational courses in AI-leading schools, AI-integrated high schools, AI high schools, university AI departments, and AI-integrated education graduate programs. The goal is to propose the necessary educational courses for AI education in specialized high schools, with the expectation that a more advanced curriculum in AI education can be established in specialized high schools through this effort.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.193-222
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• 2024

From a global trend, discussions on the patient's death with dignity are gradually progressing from the issue of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment to the issue of whether to allow assisted death and its requirements. Several states in the United States and Western European countries such as Canada, Belgium, and the Netherlands have institutionalized treatment to accelerate the time of death through the assistance of doctors. In France, after a long period of raising and reviewing issues, discussions on related legislation are taking place at a slower pace than in other European countries. In France, social discussions and legislative attempts on death with dignity have been actively conducted since the late 20th century. The Leonetti Act of 2005 prohibited the continuation of meaningless treatment against the will of patients, and after the Clay-Leonetti Act of 2016, it was legalized to administer intensive and continuous sedatives to patients until death. However, unlike many neighboring European countries, treatment that speeds up the time of death itself is still prohibited in France, even if the patient wants. As the existential and universal question of whether to allow dying patients to die painlessly with the help of a doctor has recently emerged as an important issue, a number of lawmakers have submitted legislation to legalize assisted death. This paper examines the legislative process developed in relation to patients' rights to dignified death in France, and compares and reviews French legislation that attempts to legalize assisted death with the amendment to the Korean Life-Sustaining Treatment Act.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.21-32
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• 2023

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) plays a pivotal role in predicting the potential environmental impacts of proposed developments and planning appropriate mitigation measures to minimize effects on species. However, as concerns over biodiversity loss rise, there's ongoing debate about the efficacy of these mitigation plans. In this study, we utilized data from EIAs and post-environmental impact surveys to understand the trends in biodiversity during construction and operation phases. By examining 30 urban development projects, we categorized species richness indices of mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles into pre-construction, during construction, and post-construction operational stages. The biodiversity trends were analyzed based on the rate of change in these indices. The results revealed three distinct biodiversity change patterns: (A) An initial increase in biodiversity indices post-development, followed by a gradual decline over time; (B) a sustained increase in biodiversity as a result of mitigation measures; and (C) a continuous decline in biodiversity post-development. Furthermore, all species exhibited a higher rate of biodiversity decline during the construction phase compared to the operational phase, with mammals showing the most significant rate of change. Notably, the biodiversity change rate during operation was generally lower than during construction. In particular, mammals seemed to be most influenced by mitigation measures, displaying the smallest rate of change. This study provides empirical evidence on the efficacy of mitigation measures and deliberates on ways to enhance their effectiveness in minimizing the adverse impacts of urban development on biodiversity. These findings can serve as foundational data for addressing terrestrial biodiversity reduction.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-100
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• 2017

Today, firms are constantly transforming and innovating to survive under the rapidly changing business environment. The introduction of cloud computing services has become popular throughout society as a whole and is expected to result in many changes and developments not only in firms and but also in the public sector subject to innovation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the characteristics of cloud computing services on the perceived expected performance according to innovativeness based on innovation diffusion theory. The results of the analysis of the data collected from this research are as follows. The convenience and understanding of individuals' work as well as the benefits of cloud computing services to them depend on the innovative trend of cloud computing services. Further, the expectations for personal benefit and those for organizational benefit of cloud computing services are different from each other. Leading firms in the global market have been actively engaged in the utilization of cloud computing services in the public sector as well as in private firms. In consideration of the importance of cloud computing services, using cloud computing services as the target of innovation diffusion research is important. The results of the study are expected to contribute to developing future research models for the diffusion of new technologies, such as big data, digital convergence, and Internet of Things.