• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2003

Rice, which occupies about 60% of the farmland in Korea, is a staple crop in Asia. It not only absorbs $CO_2$ from the atmosphere, but also emits carbon in a form of CH$_4$. It has a potential role in the global budget of greenhouse gases because of its relative contributions of carbon absorption and emission associated with changing hydrologic cycle. To better understand its current and future role, seasonal variations of energy and $CO_2$ exchange in this critical ecosystem need to be quantified. The purpose of this study was to measure, document and understand the exchange of energy and $CO_2$ in a typical rice paddy in Korea throughout the whole growing season. Since late April of 2002, we have conducted measurements of energy and $CO_2$ exchange in a rural rice paddy at Hari site, one of the Korea regional network of tower flux measurement (KoFlux). After the quality control and gap-filling, the observed fluxes were analyzed in the context of micrometeorology and biophysics. $CO_2$ and energy exchanges varied significantly with land cover changes (e.g., plant growth stages), in addition to changes in weather and climate conditions. This study, reporting first direct measurement of energy and $CO_2$ exchange over a rice paddy in Korea, would serve as a useful database as one of the reference sites in AsiaFlux and FLUXNET.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.415-430
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• 2015

Since the late 1990s Vinacafe has gone through strategic changes in corporate governance and managements due to an increase in the introduction of coffee MNCs, a growth of global demands in sustainable coffee, aging coffee tree, and the deterioration of coffee production with climate changes in Vietnam. Vinacafe has attempted to cope with these kinds of changes through strategies for equitization. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to identify strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of the Vietnamese coffee industry by investigating changes in corporate governance and processes of coffee production and distribution. The equitization of Vinacafe has led to the enhancement of coffee competitiveness in two perspectives. Firstly, as it has decentralized decision-making from headquarter, subsidiaries have become able to strength their competitiveness themselves by introducing new technologies, improving coffee quality, and encouraging the introduction of eco-friendly production methods through cooperative relationships with stakeholders involved in coffee production and distributions in Vietnam. Secondly, it has also enhanced competitiveness through the diversification and effectiveness of coffee managements by intensifying the flexibility of contract with coffee farmers and diversifying coffee sales and supply chains in Vietnam.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2016

As part of a policy to address climate change and pollution problem, the government introduced a green credit card scheme in order to motivate pro-environmental behaviors in July 2011. It is important to present the specific ways to facilitate pro-environmental behaviors using the consumer behavior pattern data. This study was a result of data from total fifty seven thousands customer purchasing history data of green credit card to be created for the 3 months from January to March 2015. As the analysis process is put in to operation the analysis of the purchasing customer's profile firstly, and the second come into association analysis to consider the buying associations for green products purchasing networks, the third estimate the useful parameters to affect the customer's pro-environmental behavior and customer characteristics. It shows that royal customers are from 30 to 40 years old and their incomes are from 30 million won to 40 million won. Especially, they live in Daegu, Gyeonggi, and Seoul.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2013

Because forest fires are predicted to increase in severity and frequency under global climate change with important environmental implications, an understanding of fire dynamics is critical for mitigation of these negative effects. For the reason, researchers with different background, such as ecologists, physicists, and mathematical biologists, have developed the simulation models to mimic the forest fire spread patterns. In this study, we suggested a novel model considering the wind effect. Our theoretical forest was comprised of two different tree species with varying probabilities of transferring fire that were randomly distributed in space at densities ranging from 0.0 (low) to 1.0 (high). We then studied the distributional patterns of burnt trees using a two-dimensional stochastic cellular automata model with minimized local rules. We investigated the time, T, that the number of burnt trees reaches 25% of the whole trees for different values of the initial tree density, fire transition probability, and the degree of wind strength. Simulation results showed that the values of T decreased with the increase of tree density, and the wind effect decreased in the case of too high or low tree density. We believe that our model can be a useful tool to explore forest fire spreading patterns.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.245-256
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the technological competitiveness of the environmental industry with developed countries in order to establish an international market expansion strategy of the Korean environmental industry and technology. In order to evaluate the competitiveness of the environmental industry and technology, core technologies were classified by the environmental industry sectors based on the classification system of the domestic and international environmental industry and technology. After developing the evaluation index data, the Delphi analysis, journal and patent analysis, as well as the export and import analysis were carried out and the standardization analysis was performed on the index data. Moreover, the weights of each evaluation index were calculated using the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method and the evaluation results of competitiveness of the environmental industry and technology in Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France were derived. As a result of the evaluation, the United States was rated with the highest technological competitiveness in all the environmental industry sectors, while Korea got the lowest technological competitiveness rating compared to the 4 developed countries. In particular, Korea got the lowest level of technological competitiveness in the sector of multi-media environmental management and development for a sustainable social system. Therefore, in order for the Korean environmental industry and technology to enter the global advanced market, it is necessary to strengthen the competitiveness through the development of the fourth environmental industry based on IoT(Internet of Things), cloud, big data, mobile, and AI(Artificial Intelligence), which are currently the country's domestic strengths.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.269-279
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• 2015

Nowadays, the world has suffered by natural disaster of climate change due to global warming. Korea has also faced with similar situation. To prevent these natural disaster, Four Major River Management has conducted. One of conducted content in Four Major River Management is the levee maintenance which classified into fill-up the inland, levee of reinforcement and so on. These maintenances may make the characteristics of groundwater flow change and affect to the levee safety (piping phenomenon). Therefore, analysis on groundwater fluctuation according to level of riverside and inland should be required. This study focus on levee of Hoe stream, which is connected to Nakdong river, and piping safety factor in the levee analyzed by using pore water pressure. Besides, groundwater fluctuation, which is depended on level of riverside and inland, is simulated by using the SEEP/W (2D ground water model). This simulation considered steady flow and unsteady flow. As a result, piping safety factor increased due to rising the inland level. Piping safety factor of riverside was effected by only river water level. Therefore, external levee factor considering inland level raising and suitable control of river water level is need to increase piping safety factor.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2017

Recently, the economic, social and environmental significance of the water industry is increasing significantly due to rapid global urbanization, population growth, and imbalance in demand and supply of water resulted by climate change. The type of these water industries are all different and they can be distinguished by the kinds of membranes used. Mainly, polymer materials that have excellent physical and chemical stability are used, but recently various methods of assigning hydrophilicity have been introduced due to their hydrophobic properties. In this study, hydrophilic polymers of four types were introduced into a commercially available hollow support to assign hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the morphology of the coated hollow support through FE-SEM was confirmed as well. Also the contact angle was measured to examine the degree of hydrophilicity of the coated hollow support with each polymer. Finally,.effect of different time on water permeability as well as the relationship between water permeability and hydrophilic polymers were investigated. As a result, the coating with 1 wt% of pluronic has good hydrophilicity degree, and shows the excellent water permeability without blocking the pore of the hollow fiber. Therefore, it can be concluded that the hydrophilic coating using pluronic polymer is most suitable as the water treatment.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.659-688
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• 2010

Climate change induced by global warming has recently begun to inspire developed nations to introduce a new paradigm, called the sustainable (Green) growth, which entails both the prevention of environmental pollution and the attainment of sustainable growth. The sustainable (Green) growth is founded upon environmental factors that drive a new force of economic progress without deteriorating nature. Thus, the conservation of the environment under the new growth paradigm can be compatible with economic growth, although this was not feasible under conventional economic relations, called the Environmental Kutzets Curve. Sustainable (Green) finance is essential to achieving Green growth efficiently and effectively. Since the financial system for Green growth is at the early stage of implementation, the application of strategies for sustainable (Green) finance should be preceded by proper initiation and protection from the government. In order to establish a feasible strategy for financing green growth, we suggest an effective financial supporting system, taking different operational forms upon the broader stage of technological progress in each individual company.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.99-107
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• 2012

There has been increasing number of patients with asthma, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis due to the atmospheric pollution and global warming. In this study, we investigated daily observed number of pollens to establish a standardized method for the impact analysis of the climate changes on the number of daily pollens in Korea. Daily observed allergenic pollens of trees, weeds, and pine were analyzed during the period of 1998 to 2010 (except 2006) in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Gangneung, and Jeju. They increased in large cities including Seoul during the last 12 years and the long-term trend may continue in the future. Daily concentration or amount of pollens was highly correlated with weather variables. Positive correlation was found between air temperature and the pollens although different relationships existed for different locations. Chill days were utilized to estimate the length of the flowering or pollen period. The pollen period of trees was shorter in the field when the winter temperature was low. This approach may be utilized to determine the quantitative change in length of the pollen season in the future.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.717-737
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• 2010

In the face of climate changes and economic crisis, nations across the world spare no efforts to identify new growth engine industries and lift the domestic economy by promoting green technologies and tightening environmental regulations. The Korean government also tries to create and promote new growth engine industries. As part of these efforts, it launched the New Growth Engine Fund in 2009, a private and public initiative to support small- and medium-sized companies that own promising new green technologies. However, it has a limitation on making investment in the fund due to the global economic crisis, the significant size of necessary capital investment and the difficulty of finding investment companies. The lukewarm response of the private sector arose a need to change the fund management method. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to propose efficient strategies of managing various funds such as cooperation fund between the central and local governments, incubator fund financed by the government and financial institutions and win-win cooperation fund for the government, large companies and partners as a means of developing and supporting new growth engine industries in a sustainable way. The importance of this research lies with the proposition of various funds that can be used to implement the government's strategic goal of developing new growth engine industries.